Alban Berg shine shahararren mawaki na Makarantar Viennese ta Biyu. Shi ne wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin mai kirkire-kirkire a cikin wakokin karni na ashirin. Ayyukan Berg, wanda ƙarshen lokacin Romantic ya rinjayi, ya bi ka'idar atonality da dodecaphony. Kiɗa na Berg yana kusa da al'adar kiɗan da R. Kolisch ya kira "Viennese espressivo" (bayani).
Cikar sauti na sha'awa, mafi girman matakin bayyanawa da haɗar tonal complexes suna kwatanta abubuwan da ya tsara. Mawallafin mawaƙin don sufanci da ilimin tauhidi an haɗa shi tare da nazari mai zurfi kuma mai matuƙar tsari. Wannan ya bayyana musamman a cikin wallafe-wallafensa kan ka'idar kiɗa.
Shekarun yara na mawaki Alban Berg
An haifi Alban Berg a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1885 a Vienna a cikin dangi na tsakiya. Baya ga sha'awarsa ga wallafe-wallafe, BERG kawai ya ƙaunaci kiɗa. Mahaifinsa dila ne a fannin fasaha da littattafai, kuma mahaifiyarsa mawaƙiya ce da ba a san ta ba. A bayyane yake dalilin da ya sa yaron ya sami kwarin gwiwa a fannin adabi da waka tun yana karami. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 6, wani malamin waka ya dauke yaron aiki wanda ya koya masa yadda ake buga piano. Berg ya ɗauki mutuwar mahaifinsa a 1900 sosai. Bayan wannan bala'i, sai ya fara fama da ciwon asma, wadda ta addabe shi har tsawon rayuwarsa. Mawaƙin ya fara ƙoƙarinsa na farko mai zaman kansa na tsara ayyukan kiɗa yana ɗan shekara 15.
Alban Berg: yaki da ciki
1903 - Berg ya kasa Abitur kuma ya fada cikin damuwa. A watan Satumba, har ma yana ƙoƙarin kashe kansa. Daga 1904 ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru shida tare da Arnold Schoenber (1874-1951), wanda ya koya masa jituwa da abun ciki. Darussan kiɗa ne zai iya warkar da jijiyoyinsa kuma ya manta da une. Ayyukan jama'a na farko na ayyukan Berg sun faru a cikin 1907 a wuraren kide-kide na yara na makaranta.
Halittarsa ta farko "Wakoki Bakwai na Farko" (1905-1908) har yanzu yana bin al'adun R. Schumann da G. Mahler a fili. Amma piano sonata "V. op.1" (1907-1908) ya riga ya jagorance ta ta hanyar sabbin abubuwan da malamai suka tsara. Ayyukansa na ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Schoenberg, wanda ya riga ya nuna 'yancin kai, shine String Quartet, Op. 3, wanda aka hada a 1910. Abun da ke ciki yana nuna kauri mai ban mamaki da rauni na haɗin gwiwa tare da babban-kananan maɓalli.
Berg Active Learning
Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare, Berg ya yi karatun kida. A 1906 ya fara aiki a matsayin akawu. Koyaya, tsaro na kuɗi ya ba shi damar rayuwa a matsayin malamin abun ciki mai zaman kansa da yawa daga baya. A 1911 ya auri Helena Nachowski. Baya ga gajerun tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci, Berg koyaushe yana ciyar da lokaci daga kaka zuwa bazara a Vienna. Sauran shekara yana cikin Carinthia da Styria.
A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na horo tare da Schoenberg, BERG har yanzu ma'aikacin gwamnati ne a cikin ƙananan laftanar Austria. Kuma tun 1906, ya keɓe kansa na musamman ga kiɗa. Bayan Schoenberg ya bar Vienna zuwa Berlin a 1911, BERG ya yi aiki ga malaminsa da mai ba da shawara. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, ya yi rajista don rubuta "Harmonielehre" (1911) da kuma kyakkyawan jagorar nazari ga "Gurre-Lieder".
Alban Berg: komawa Vienna
Bayan shekaru uku na hidima a cikin sojojin Austrian (1915-1918) da kuma ƙarshen yakin duniya na farko, Alban Berg ya koma Vienna. A can ne aka ba shi damar zama malami a Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru. Arnold Schoenberg ne ya kafa ta a cikin shekarun aikinsa na kerawa. Har zuwa 1921, Berg ya yi aiki a can, yana haɓaka fasahar kiɗan sa. Ayyukan farko na mawaƙin sun ƙunshi kiɗan ɗaki da abubuwan kiɗan piano. An rubuta su yayin da suke ci gaba da karatu tare da ARNOLD SCHONBERG. The String Quartet op. 3" (1910). An dauke shi babban aikin farko na atonality.
Tun 1920, Berg ya fara aikin jarida mai nasara. Wannan aikin yana kawo masa suna da samun kudin shiga mai kyau. Ya fi yin rubuce-rubuce game da kiɗa da ayyukan mawaƙa na wancan lokacin. Aikin jarida ya ja mawaƙin har tsawon lokaci ya kasa yanke shawarar ci gaba da yin waƙa ko sadaukar da kansa ga rubuta waƙa.
Aikin Berg: lokacin aiki
A cikin 1914, Berg ya halarci Woyzeck na Georg Büchner. Hakan ya zaburar da mawaƙin har sai nan da nan ya yanke shawarar rubuta waƙarsa don wannan wasan kwaikwayo. An kammala aikin ne kawai a 1921.
1922 - An buga raguwa don pianoforte "Wojzeck" da kansa tare da tallafin kuɗi na Alma Mahler.
1923 - An sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Wiener Universal-Edition, wanda kuma ya buga aikin farko na Berg.
1924 - Farkon duniya na sassan Woyzeck a Frankfurt am Main.
1925 Ƙirƙirar Lyric Suite don string quartet, wanda aka fara a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1927 ta Kolisch Quartet. Farkon duniya na Erich Kleiber's Woyzeck a Opera na Jahar Berlin.
1926 - An yi Woyzeck a Prague, a 1927 - a Leningrad, a 1929 - a Oldenburg.
Berg yana wasa da ra'ayin saita tatsuniyar Gerhart Hauptmann "Und Pippa tanzt" zuwa kiɗa.
"Waƙar Lulu" - Babban aikin Berg
A 1928, mawaki ya yanke shawarar rubuta kiɗa don Frank Wedekind's Lulu. An fara aiki mai aiki, wanda aka yi masa kambi tare da babban nasara. A 1930 Berg aka nada memba na Prussian Academy of Arts. Matsayin kuɗi da shahara sun ba shi damar siyan gidan hutu a tafkin Wörthersee.
A cikin 1933 an kammala "Waƙar Lulu". Gabatarwarta ta farko an sadaukar da ita ga Webern don girmama ranar haihuwarsa 50th.
1934 - A watan Afrilu, Berg ya kammala fim din "Lulu". An shirya wasan farko na duniya a Berlin tare da Erich Kleiber. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, Opera na Jahar Berlin ta dauki nauyin fara wasan kwaikwayo na wasan opera Lulu na Erich Kleiber.
Shekarun ƙarshe na kerawa
1935 - hutu a cikin aikin opera "Lulu". Daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta, Berg yana aiki don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na violin "The Memory of an Angel" don Manon Gropius, 'yar Alma Mahler da ta rasu. Wannan aikin kashi biyu, wanda aka kasu zuwa lokaci daban-daban, yana bin maƙasudin maƙasudin buƙatun. A matsayin solo concerto, wannan shine wasan kide-kide na farko dangane da daidaitaccen amfani da jerin sautin guda goma sha biyu. Alban Berg ba ya rayuwa don ganin farkon ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1936 a Barcelona.
Berg ya kasa kammala wasan opera na biyu, Lulu, har mutuwarsa. Mawaƙin Austrian Friedrich Cerha ya ƙara aiki na 3, kuma an fara yin sigar 3-act a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1979 a Paris.
A shekara ta 1936, an ƙaddamar da wasan violin a Barcelona tare da ɗan wasan violin Louis Krasner da shugaba Hermann Scherchen.
Ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1935, Berg ya mutu daga furunculosis a ƙasarsa ta Vienna.
