Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky - m Soviet artist, film actor, mawaki, pop singer. Ya shahara a farkon rabin karni na XNUMX.
Vertinsky har yanzu ake kira sabon abu na Soviet mataki. Abubuwan da Alexander Nikolaevich ya tsara sun haifar da mafi yawan nau'ikan motsin rai. Amma abu daya shine tabbas - aikinsa ba zai iya barin sha'ani ba kusan babu kowa.
Yaro da matasa Alexander Vertinsky
Alexander Vertinsky aka haife kan Maris 19, 1889 a cikin zuciyar Ukraine - Kyiv. Shugaban iyali ya yi aiki a aikin jarida kuma lauya ne mai zaman kansa. Uwar Evgenia Skolatskaya ta kasance daga dangi mai daraja.
Mahaifin Vertinsky da mahaifiyarsa ba bisa hukuma sun yi aure ba. A wancan lokacin, an dauki irin wannan kawancen ba za a amince da shi ba. Matar halal ta mahaifin Alexander ba ta ba shi izinin saki ba.
Nikolai Petrovich (mahaifin Alexander) ya yi hayar gida don Evgenia Skolatskaya. Na farko, ma'auratan suna da 'yar, sa'an nan kuma matar ta haifi ɗa, Alexander.
Vertinsky bai tuna da mahaifiyarsa ba. Gaskiyar ita ce ta rasu yana dan shekara 3 kacal. Daga yanzu duk wata damuwa ta fado kan kafadun 'yan uwa a bangaren uwa.
Yara, Nadezhda da Alexander, sun girma da 'yan'uwan Evgenia Skolatskaya. 'Yan'uwa mata sun ƙi ƙaramin mahaifin Sasha don "lalata" Zhenechka. An raba ɗan'uwa da 'yar'uwa. Kuma nan da nan ya sami labarin cewa Nadezhda ba ya da rai. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru, Alexander ya gano cewa Nadia yana da rai. Goggona ne suka yada jita-jita game da mutuwar 'yar uwarta domin su katse hanyoyin sadarwar su har abada.
Little Sasha yayi karatu a Gymnasium na Imperial Alexandria. Amma ba da daɗewa ba aka kore shi daga makarantar ilimi saboda munanan halaye. Vertinsky ya fara sata. Akwai tunanin cewa ta haka ne yaron ya ja hankali saboda rashin kulawar iyaye.
A cikin shekarunsa na samartaka, ya yi nasarar samun suna a matsayin barawo. Daga baya, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Kyiv classical gymnasium No. 4. Abin baƙin ciki, Guy bai dade a gymnasium ko.
Alexander shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai son
Saboda matsaloli a cikin karatu, m jayayya da inna Alexander Vertinsky ji karaya. Abin farin cikin wannan lokacin ga saurayin shine gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Tuni a lokacin ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo na mai son.
Alexander bai bar mummunan al'ada ba - don satar kuɗi daga uwarsa. Ba a jima ba ta kori yayarta daga gidan. Vertinsky ya ɗauki kowane aiki don samun abin rayuwarsa.
Auntie ba ta yi imani cewa Sasha na iya yin mutumin kirki ba. Amma nan da nan arziki ya yi murmushi a Vertinsky. Ya sadu da Sofya Zelinskaya, tsohon abokin mahaifiyarsa. A gidan Sofya Nikolaevna, Vertinsky sake fara gnaw a granite na kimiyya. Bugu da kari, a cikin gidan Sofya Nikolaevna, ya gudanar ya saba da ban sha'awa da kuma tasiri mutane.
Alexander ya sami shahararsa ta farko godiya ga buga labarai a cikin wata jarida ta gida. Har ila yau, jama'a sun fara magana game da Vertinsky a matsayin mutum mai basira. Hoton barawon ya bace.
Alexander Vertinsky a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma cinema
Kudin farko da Alexander Nikolaevich ya samu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya ba shi tabbacin cewa yana tafiya daidai. Kusan lokaci guda Vertinsky ya koyi cewa 'yar'uwarsa Nadezhda tana da rai kuma tana aiki a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow. A 1913 ya koma babban birnin kasar Rasha.
Theatrical aiki Alexander Nikolaevich fara da sinimomi da kuma Studios. A wancan lokacin, matasa suna gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo masu son nuna sha'awa ga masu kallon wasan kwaikwayo. A talented Vertinsky aka lura da kuma gayyace su zama wani ɓangare na Theatre na Miniatures, wanda aka located a kan Tverskaya Street.
A tawagar, a cikin abin da Alexander Nikolaevich aka shiga, ya jagoranci Artsibusheva Maria Alexandrovna. Bayyanar farko a kan mataki na Vertinsky ya haifar da farin ciki na gaske a tsakanin masu sauraro. Mai zane ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki. Bugu da kari, ya rubuta Topical wargi da parodies.
A lokaci guda Vertinsky kokarin shiga Stanislavsky Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo. Duk da haka, ba a yarda da shi ba saboda bai furta harafin "r" da kyau ba.
Alexander Nikolaevich ya gwada hannunsa a cinema. Fim na farko tare da haɗin gwiwar mai zane an kira shi "Cliff". Vertinsky samu karamin rawa, amma Alexander da kansa ya ce ya sami invaluable kwarewa.
Tare da aikin fim bai yi aiki ba. Ba rashin hazaka ne ya jawo ba, amma yaki. Alexander Nikolaevich a ƙarshen 1914 ya sanya hannu a matsayin mai aikin sa kai na gaba. Ya yi kusan shekara guda a yakin. Bayan shekara guda, ya ji rauni mai tsanani, don haka an tilasta masa ya koma Moscow.
A Moscow, Alexander ya sami labari mai ban tausayi. Gaskiyar ita ce, 'yar'uwarsa Nadezhda ta mutu. A gare shi, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin dangi na kusa. A cewar Vertinsky, Nadya ta mutu saboda yawan shan kwayoyi.
Alexander Vertinsky: music
Bayan gyara, Alexander Nikolaevich ci gaba da aiki a cikin fina-finai da kuma wasa a cikin Artsibasheva Theater. A lokacin ne hoton Pierrot ya "manne" ga mai zane. Godiya ga miniatures, "Songs of Pierrot", da romances "Ina yi wa kaina dariya a yau", "Crystal memorial service", "Cocaineette", "Yellow Angel" Vertinsky samu irin wannan dogon jiran fitarwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ba kawai masu kallo na yau da kullun sun yaba da basirar Vertinsky ba. Masu suka kuma sun rubuta gwanintar kyakkyawar bita.
Masu sukar sun lura cewa shaharar Alexander Nikolaevich ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa ya raira waƙa game da batutuwan da suka dace. Ya kan tabo batutuwan da suka hada da soyayyar rashin gaskiya, kadaici, karya, cin amana, talauci da rashin adalci a cikin wakokinsa.
Vertinsky ya yi kida da kide-kide a kan nasa wakoki da kuma a kan wakoki na Alexander Blok, Marina Tsvetaeva, Igor Severyanin.
Siffar siffa ta gabatar da kayan kida ita ce kiwo. Kalmominsa sun taɓa ran masoya kiɗan Soviet. Hoton shan wahala Pierrot ya haifar da yawancin mabiyan, amma babu wanda ya iya bi hanyar Alexander Vertinsky.
Shahararren da kuma gaskiyar rubutun ya ba Vertinsky ba kawai magoya bayan aminci ba. Alexander Nikolaevich ya zama sha'awar a cikin m hukumar. Wakilin hukumar a hankali ya nuna wa Vertinsky game da abin da zai fi kyau kada a rubuta shi. Daga baya, masu tarihin tarihin sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa matsin lamba na hukumomi ne ya tilasta Alexander yayi hijira. Duk da haka, mai zane da kansa ya yi sharhi:
“Me ya sa na yi hijira? Na ƙi ikon Soviet? Eh, a'a, hukumomi ba su yi mini laifi ba. Ni mai bin wani tsarin ne? Haka kuma a'a. Ni matashi ne kawai, kuma an ja ni zuwa kasala...".
A 1917, Alexander tafi a kan wani babban yawon shakatawa. Ya ziyarci kasashe da garuruwa da dama. Ba da da ewa Vertinsky ya sayi fasfo na Girka kuma ya fara zama a Romania sannan a Poland. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, mashahurin ya zauna a Paris, Berlin, Palestine. Har ma a wasu kasashe ma, dakaru masu sha'awa sun halarci shagulgulan kide-kiden nasa.
A 1934 Alexander Nikolaevich ya koma Amurka. A nan ya shirya wani wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya sami halartar gagarumin adadin 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha. A 1935 Vertinsky ya tafi Shanghai. Ya koma Rasha kawai a 1943.
Personal rayuwa Alexander Vertinsky
Matar farko ta Alexander Nikolaevich ita ce kyakkyawa Yahudawa Rahila (Raisa) Pototskaya. Bayan aure, mace ta zama Irena Vertidis. Vertinsky ya sadu da matarsa ta farko a Poland. Ba za a iya kiran auren farko da nasara ba. Bayan shekaru 7, Alexander saki matarsa.
Bayan kisan aure Vertinsky na dogon lokaci ba zai iya samun abokin rayuwa. Yana da soyayya masu gushewa waɗanda ba su kai ga wani abu mai tsanani ba. Mawakin ya hadu da matarsa ta gaba bayan shekaru 19 a Shanghai.
A wata ƙasa Alexander Nikolaevich ya sadu da m Lydia Tsirgvava. Abin sha'awa, kyakkyawa ya kasance ƙaramin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo fiye da shekaru 30. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana dangantakar su ci gaba ba. A farkon 1940s Vertinsky aure Lydia.
A cikin wannan aure, ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu masu kyau. 'Ya'yan mata sun gaji kwarjini da hazaka daga mahaifinsu, don haka suka zama fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Kuma ko da 'yar Marianna, Daria Vertinskaya (Khmelnitskaya), samu nasarar fara aiki a matsayin actress, amma nan da nan gane cewa wannan ba ta kuri'a.
Mutuwar Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky
Bayan ya koma ƙasarsa, Alexander Nikolaevich bai bar aikinsa. Yin fim a cikin fina-finai da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo sun ba da damar samun kuɗi mai kyau. Abin da ya dame Vertinsky a wancan lokacin shi ne yanayin kasarsa.
A ranar mutuwarsa Alexander Nikolaevich kuma yi a kan mataki. Vertinsky ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1957. A cewar dangi, bayan wasan kwaikwayo, ya ji rauni da rashin lafiya. Dalilin mutuwar shi ne m ciwon zuciya. Damuwa da shekaru sun dauki nauyinsu. Kabarin mai zane yana samuwa a makabartar Novodevichy a babban birnin kasar.
Baje kolin kayan tarihi na titin daya a Kyiv an sadaukar da shi don tunawa da mashahurin. Anan, magoya baya za su iya sanin hotuna, kundi da sauran masu tuni na Vertinsky.
