Anton Rubinstein ya zama sananne a matsayin mawaki, mawaki da madugu. Yawancin 'yan ƙasa ba su fahimci aikin Anton Grigorievich ba. Ya yi nasarar bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen bunkasa wakokin gargajiya.
Yara da matasa
Anton Anton aka haife kan Nuwamba 28, 1829 a wani karamin kauye na Vykhvatynets. Ya fito daga dangin Yahudawa. Bayan duk 'yan uwa sun tuba zuwa Orthodoxy, sun sami dama ta musamman don ƙaura zuwa babban birnin Rasha. A cikin birni, dangi har ma sun buɗe ƙananan kasuwancin da ke ba da kuɗi mai kyau.
Shugaban gidan ya bude wata karamar masana'anta don samar da fil da kananan kayayyaki. Kuma uwar ta tsunduma cikin renon yara.
Mahaifiyar Anton Rubinstein ta buga piano da kyau. Sa’ad da ta lura cewa yaron yana sha’awar kayan kiɗa, sai ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta ɗauki horonsa. Ba da da ewa ta shiga danta a cikin masu zaman kansu music darussa tare da talented malami Alexander Ivanovich Villuan.
Little Rubinstein ya nuna kyakkyawan wasan piano. Tuni a cikin 1839, Alexander ya ƙyale ɗalibi mai basira ya yi magana a fili. Bayan shekara guda, Anton, tare da goyon bayan malaminsa, ya tafi Turai. A can ya yi magana da kirim na al'umma. Har ma ya nuna iyawar kida a cikin da'irar shahararrun mawaƙa kamar Franz Liszt da Frederic Chopin.
Bayan shekaru 5, Guy a takaice ya koma mahaifarsa. Bayan ya ɗan yi lokaci a gida, ya tafi Berlin. A wata ƙasa, Anton Grigorievich ya ɗauki darussan kiɗa daga Theodor Kullak da Siegfried Dehn. Duk wannan lokacin, mawaƙin yana samun goyon bayan mahaifiyarsa da ɗan'uwansa. Mahaifiyar ba za ta iya aika danta shi kaɗai zuwa wata ƙasa ba, domin ta ɗauki Anton a matsayin wanda ya dogara.
Bayan shekara guda, an san cewa shugaban iyali ya mutu. An tilasta wa mahaifiyar Anton da ƙanensa barin Berlin. Rubinstein ya tafi ƙasar Ostiriya. A wata ƙasa, ya ci gaba da inganta fasahar keyboard.
Anton Grigorievich ba ya son shi sosai a can. Ƙari ga haka, a wannan lokacin, bai taɓa koyon samun abin da zai ci ba. Wannan dalili ne ya sa aka tilasta masa barin Ostiriya ya koma gidan mahaifinsa. Ba da da ewa, mawaki ya koma babban birnin al'adu na Rasha. A St. Petersburg, ya fara koyarwa.
Aikin Maestro Anton Rubinstein
An lura da mawaki nan da nan a cikin al'adun St. Petersburg. Gaskiyar ita ce Rubinstein sau da yawa ya yi magana da dangin sarki da sauran mashahuran mutane. Godiya ga shahararsa, Anton Grigorievich ya sadu da mambobi na mashahurin al'adun al'adu "The Mighty Handful".
A ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙungiyar, Rubinstein ya gwada hannunsa a matsayin jagora. A 1852, ya gabatar da opera "Dmitry Donskoy" ga magoya na gargajiya music. Wasan opera ya sami karbuwa sosai ba kawai masu sauraro ba, har ma da masu sukar kiɗan masu iko.
Ba da daɗewa ba, ma'ajin kiɗa na maestro ya cika da ƙarin wasan opera marasa mutuwa da yawa. A cikin ayyukan da aka gabatar, mai yin waƙar ya taɓa jigogi da waƙoƙin waƙa na mutanen Rasha. Bugu da kari, ya ba da yabo ga sabbin dabi'un kasashen yamma a cikin kida.
Rubinstein sannan yayi ƙoƙari ya ƙirƙiri wata makarantar kimiyya ta musamman. Ya yi yunƙuri da yawa na ƙirƙirar cibiyar ilimi, amma duk ba su yi nasara ba. Babu wanda ya goyi bayan Anton, don haka da sauri ya daina.
A lokacin, ayyukan maestro ba su da'awar. Babu ɗayan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da ke da son ɗaukar aikin su. Ba shi da wani abin da ya wuce ya gwada hazakarsa a kasar waje. Tare da goyon bayan abokinsa Liszt a waje, ya shirya wasan opera Siberian Hunters. Ya kuma gudanar da wani shagali na sa'o'i da dama a birnin Leipzig. Ayyukan mawallafin Rasha sun sanya mafi kyawun ra'ayi a kan masu sauraro. Bayan haka, ya tafi yawon shakatawa na Turai.
Ya zagaya kasashen turai tsawon kimanin shekaru hudu. Gaskiyar cewa masu sauraro sun ba wa Rubinstein rawar gani a tsaye ya ƙarfafa mawaƙa. Ya fara aiki a kan ƙirƙirar sabbin operas tare da sadaukar da kai.
Kafa al'ummar waka
Kasancewarsa a kololuwar farin jininsa, ya yi nasarar shawo kan manyan jami’ai da su ware kudade don samar da al’ummar waka. Tunanin al'umma shine tsarin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta maestro.
Sannan ya shirya azuzuwan horar da waka. An shigar da mawaƙa masu hazaka a wurin, waɗanda za su iya inganta ƙwarewarsu wajen yin kida. Kowa zai iya shiga makarantar. Matsayi ba komai.
Lokacin da yawan ɗalibai ya karu, Anton Grigoryevich ya buɗe ɗakin ajiyar ra'ayi na farko na Rasha a St. Petersburg. Rubinstein ya zama darekta, jagora da malami.
Membobin al'ummar "Mabuwayi Hannu" ba su yarda da sha'awar mawaƙin ba nan da nan don ƙirƙirar cibiyar koyar da kiɗan. Amma nan da nan sai suka goyi bayan dan kasarsu.
A cikin farfajiyar, an kuma karɓi ra'ayin ƙirƙirar cibiyar koyar da kiɗan kiɗan sosai. Bayan Anton Grigorievich ya yi rikici da wani babban mutum, ya bar mukamin darektan Conservatory. A shekara ta 1887 ya dawo kuma ya jagoranci jami'an tsaro na shekaru masu zuwa. Abin sha'awa, a wannan shekara shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha Repin ya nuna Rubinstein a lokacin da ya fi so.
Anton Grigoryevich ya ce, duk da gagarumin aiki, duk wani mawaƙi mai daraja da kansa ya kamata ya inganta basira da iliminsa. Bai tsaya nan ba, ya ci gaba da rubuta operas, na soyayya da wasan kwaikwayo. A farkon 1870, maestro ya faranta wa magoya bayan kiɗan gargajiya farin ciki tare da opera The Demon. Madogararsa shi ne aikin Lermontov. Ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana jiran aiki. Rubinstein ya yi mafarki cewa za a yi wasan opera nasa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky.
Bayan farawa, yawancin masu sukar kiɗa da masu kallo ba su damu da samarwa ba. Wasan opera bai burge jama'a ba. Sai kawai bayan mutuwar maestro, lokacin da babban sashi ya yi Fedor Chaliapin, aikin ya zama sananne. A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, an gudanar da shi a kasashe daban-daban na duniya.
Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan maestro akwai wasan kwaikwayo na "Teku", oratorio "Kristi" da "Shulamith". Hakanan operas: Nero, Maccabees da Feramors.
Details na sirri rayuwa na mawaki Anton Rubinstein
Anton Grigorevich mutum ne mai ɓoyewa, don haka ba a san komai game da rayuwarsa ba. Babban bayanansa suna da alaƙa da Peterhof. A nan ya yi sa'a ya hadu da yarinyar da ta zama matarsa. Sunan matar maestro Vera. An haifi yara uku a gidan. Babban iyali sun zauna a cikin wani gida mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke kusa da St. Petersburg. Matar ta iya zama ba kawai mace mai ƙauna ba, amma kuma abokin tarayya na Anton Grigorievich. Ta zaburar da maestro don rubuta kyawawan ayyuka.
A bene na biyu na gida mai ban sha'awa shi ne ofishin Anton Grigoryevich, wanda kuma aka yi masa ado. Akwai piano, ƙaramin kujera mai daɗi a ɗakin. An ƙawata bangon binciken da hotunan iyali. A cikin wannan dakin, Rubinstein ya hada da abun da ke ciki "The Chirping na Cicadas". Kazalika da yawan wasu ayyukan da aka cika da sautin yanayi.
Shahararrun baƙi sukan zo gidan Rubinstein. Matar Anton Grigorievich ta kasance mace mai karimci. Ba ta bar mijinta ya gundura ba, ta tara ƙawayenta na fitattun dangi a gidanta.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mawaki Anton Rubinstein
- Mawaƙin ya san mene ne talauci da yunwa. Sa’ad da ya shahara, bai manta da taimakon mabukata ba. A cikin 1893, a St.
- A ziyarar da ya yi a Arewacin Amurka, ya yi kide-kide sama da 200.
- Da yake magana da dangin sarki, maestro ya sami damar burge kowane dan gidan. Nicholas Na yaba da gwanintar wasan maigidan.
- Ayyukan kiɗan "Kalashnikov Merchant", wanda Anton Grigoryevich ya gudanar, an dakatar da shi sau da yawa a cikin Tarayyar Rasha.
- An ba shi lambar girmamawa ta ɗan ƙasa na Peterhof.
Shekarun Ƙarshe na Rayuwar Maestro Anton Rubinstein
A cikin 1893, mawaƙin ya sami girgiza mai ƙarfi. Gaskiyar ita ce, yana ɗan shekara 20, ƙaramin ɗansa ya rasu. Dangane da yanayin damuwa akai-akai, ya kama shi da sanyi. A wannan lokacin, lafiyar Rubinstein ta tabarbare sosai.
Bayan shekara guda, ya fara aiki tukuru. lodi ya kara shafar jikinsa. Likitoci sun shawarci maestro ya yi tunani a kan hanyar rayuwa. Rubinstein bai saurari kowa ba.
A karshen kaka, Anton Grigorievich kasance kullum a cikin wani overexcited jihar. Matsalar rashin barci da zafi a hannun hagu ya tsananta matsalar. Da yammacin 19 ga Nuwamba, mawaƙin ya zauna tare da abokai, kuma da dare ya yi rashin lafiya. Ya koka da wahalar numfashi. Rubinstein ya tsaya da dukkan karfinsa, amma ya jira likitocin su iso.
Bayan isowar likitocin, likitocin sun yi ƙoƙari su yi duk abin da za su yi don fitar da maestro daga wata duniyar. Amma abin al'ajabi bai faru ba. Ya mutu ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 1894. Abin da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar shi ne mummunan ciwon zuciya.
