Arvo Pyart shahararren mawaki ne a duniya. Shi ne na farko da ya ba da sabon hangen nesa na kiɗa, kuma ya juya zuwa fasaha na minimalism. Sau da yawa ana kiransa "marubuci marubuci". Rubuce-rubucen Arvo ba su da zurfi, ma'anar falsafa, amma a lokaci guda sun fi kamewa.
Yara da matasa Arvo Pyart
Ba a san komai ba game da kuruciyar mawakin da kuruciyarsa. An haife shi a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1935 a cikin ƙaramin garin Paide na Estoniya. Yaron yana sha'awar fasahar kiɗa tun yana ƙarami. A matsayin ɗan makaranta, ya rubuta ayyukansa na farko.
Lokacin da yake matashi, Arvo Pyart ya ƙirƙiri gwanintarsa ta farko. Muna magana ne game da cantata "Lambun mu". Mutumin ya rubuta abun da ke ciki don ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na yara. Daga baya, Pärt ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Tallinn. Bayan karatu a makarantar sakandare, ya zama dalibi a Conservatory a cikin abun da ke ciki class. Fitaccen mawakin nan Heino Eller ne ya koyar da Arvo.
Hanyar kirkira
Arvo bai taɓa jin tsoron gwaji da sauti ba. Sabili da haka, ya haɗa kayan gargajiya tare da sauti na zamani. A cikin aikin mawaƙa, ana iya jin waƙoƙin karimci, cantatas da zabura.
Abubuwan da aka tsara na mai zane suna da ruhin asceticism. Mawaƙin ya rubuta ayyukan da suka ƙunshi manya ko ƙananan sautuna kawai. Wannan wani nau'i ne na "dabaru" na mahaliccin Estoniya.
Daga 1957 zuwa 1967 Arvo ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan sauti na gidan rediyon gida. Bugu da ƙari, mawallafin ya rubuta sau da yawa sau da yawa don shahararrun fina-finai da shirye-shiryen TV. Ayyukan Arvo sun tayar da sha'awa ta gaske tsakanin masu sukar kiɗan.
Ba kowa ya ji daɗin aikin maestro ba. Wasu sun ga a cikin ƙananan abubuwan ƙira babban matakin fasaha da ƙwarewa. Wasu kuma sun ce ayyukan na sama ne a cikin sautinsu.
A cikin tarihin rayuwar mawakin, akwai kuma badakalar da ta haifar da rashin fahimtar aikinsa da al'umma suka yi. Kukan jama'a a cikin yanayin al'adu ya haifar da "Obituary for Orchestra". Tikhon Khrennikov ya zargi Arvo da kasancewa karkashin tasirin kasashen waje. Amma halittar da aka gabatar ta dauki matsayi na 1 mai daraja a gasar All-Union Society of Composers. Masu neman 1 sun yi gwagwarmayar neman matsayi na 1200.
Sabbin gwaje-gwaje tare da sauti
A tsakiyar 1960s, mawaki ya fara gwada sauti. Don haka, a cikin ayyukansa, fasaha na collage yana bayyane a fili. Dabarar da aka gabatar ta dogara ne akan haɗakar fasahar kiɗan avant-garde da zance daga na gargajiya na Turai.
Amma farkon shekarun 1970 a cikin aikin mawaƙi yana da alamar nazarin fasahar kiɗan na zamani. A wannan lokacin, an halicci salon mutum ɗaya na mahalicci, wanda daga baya ya karɓi sunan "ƙararawa".
A lokacin aikinsa, mawaki zai iya sake yin rikodin tsoffin ayyukansa sau da yawa. Arvo ba baƙo ba ne ga yin aiki da nasa kasawar. Gaban ya zama kayan aikin da mai zane ya fi so.
An tattauna aikin ɗan Estoniya a matakin kiɗa na matsalolin zamantakewa. A cikin repertoire akwai wani abun da ke ciki wanda ya sadaukar da Anna Politkovskaya, wanda aka kashe a 2006. Kazalika wani wasan kwaikwayo na 2008 da aka yi wa Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
Rayuwar sirri ta Arvo Pyart
Kamar yadda ya fito, mawakin ya kasance daya. Rayuwarsa ta sirri ta ci gaba cikin nasara sosai. Sunan matar Arvo Nore Pärt. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu.
A farkon shekarun 1980, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Vienna akan takardar izinin matar Isra'ila. Bayan 'yan shekaru, Arvo da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa Berlin ta Yamma. Kuma a cikin 2010 mawaki ya sake komawa Estonia.
Arvo Pyart a yau
A cikin 2020, abubuwan da aka tsara na mashahurin ɗan Estoniya suna ci gaba da yin sauti a cikin ɗakunan kide-kide na ƙasashe daban-daban. Masoya musamman lura da ayyukan mawaƙa na 1970s. Ana gudanar da kide-kide na maestro ba kawai a cikin tsoffin ƙasashe na USSR ba, har ma a ƙasashen waje. Akwai kyaututtuka da yawa a kan shiryayye na Pärt, ana samun hotuna daga bikin karramawar akan Intanet.
Bugu da kari, a cikin 2020, Arvo Pärto ya cika shekaru 85 da haihuwa. Waɗanda suke son sanin wannan ɗabi'a na ɗabi'a da kyau ya kamata su kalli jerin shirye-shirye game da aikinsa:
- Arvo Pärt - Sannan Ya zo Maraice da Safiya (1990)
- Arvo Pärt: 24 Preludes don Fugue (2002);
- Proovime Pärti (2012);
- Mängime Pärti (2013);
- Arvo Pärt - Isegikui ma kõikkaotan (2015).
