The Beatles su ne mafi girma band na kowane lokaci. Masana kide-kide suna magana game da shi, yawancin magoya bayan ƙungiyar sun tabbata.
Kuma lallai haka ne. Babu wani dan wasan kwaikwayo na karni na XNUMX da ya sami irin wannan nasara a bangarorin biyu na teku kuma ba shi da irin wannan tasiri ga ci gaban fasahar zamani.
Babu ƙungiyar kiɗa ɗaya da ke da adadin mabiya da kuma masu kwaikwayi kai tsaye kamar Beatles. Wannan wani nau'i ne na gunki na kiɗan pop na zamani.
Ba a yi cikakken nazari kan lamarin nasarar Beatles ba ya zuwa yanzu. Zai yi kama da cewa mutane hudu talakawa ba tare da mafi fice vocal damar iya yin komai, ba tare da mafi virtuoso mallaki kayan kida, amma yadda magically suka raira waƙa da kuma wasa! A cikin shekaru sittin na karnin da ya gabata, wakokinsu na wakoki sun sa miliyoyin masu saurare su haukace.
Asalin sunan Beatles
An kafa kungiyar a cikin 1960 a Liverpool a kan yunƙurin ɗan adam mai hazaka John Lennon. Wanda ya gabata na Beatles ƙungiya ce ta makaranta da ake kira The Quarrymen, wacce ta bayyana a cikin 1957 kuma ta yi babban dutse da birgima da skiffle.
Asalin layin ya haɗa da Lennon da abokan karatunsa. Ba da daɗewa ba, an gabatar da John ga Paul McCartney, wanda ya mallaki guitar da ƙarfin gwiwa fiye da dukan membobin ƙungiyar kuma ya san yadda ake kunna kayan aiki. John da Bulus sun zama abokai kuma suka yanke shawarar rubuta waƙoƙi tare.
Kusan shekara guda bayan haka, abokin Bulus George Harrison ya shiga ƙungiyar. Yaron a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 15 kacal, amma ya ƙware sosai don shekarunsa, ban da haka, iyayensa ba sa adawa da bitar ƙungiyar a gidan Harrison.
Ƙungiyar ta canza sunaye da yawa kafin TheBeatles (wanda aka samo daga kalmomin "bugs" da "buga") ya bayyana. Mutanen sun ba da kide-kide da yawa a Ingila (musamman, a cikin kulab din Cavern da Casbah) kuma sun yi na dogon lokaci a Hamburg (Jamus).
A lokacin, Brian Epstein ya lura da su, wanda ya zama manaja kuma, a gaskiya ma, memba na biyar na ƙungiyar. Ta hanyar ƙoƙarin Brian, Beatles sun sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kamfanin rikodi na EMI.
Drummer Ringo Starr ya shiga Beatles na karshe. A gabansa, Pete Best yayi aiki a kan ganguna, amma fasaharsa ba ta dace da injiniyan sauti George Martin ba, kuma zaɓin ya faɗo kan mawaƙin Rory Storm da The Hurricanes.
Fitowar farko na Beatles
Na farko wurare a cikin ginshiƙi na Beatles aka kawo da aikin tandem na composers Lennon-McCartney, a kan lokaci, da kungiyar fara hada da opuses a cikin repertoire da kuma wasu biyu mambobi na band - George Harrison da Ringo Starr.
Gaskiya ne, kundi na halarta na farko na Beatles da ake kira "Don Allah Don Allah" ("Don Allah a yi mini farin ciki", 1963) bai riga ya sami waƙoƙin George da Ringo ba. Daga cikin waƙoƙin 14 da ke cikin kundin, 8 na mallakar marubucin Lennon-McCartney ne, sauran waƙoƙin an aro.
Lokacin yin rikodin rikodin yana da ban mamaki. Liverpool hudu sun yi aikin a rana daya! Kuma ta yi kyau. Ko da a yau kundin yana sauti sabo, kai tsaye da ban sha'awa.
Injiniyan sauti George Martin da farko ya yi niyya don yin rikodin album ɗin kai tsaye yayin wasan Beatles a Cavern Club, amma daga baya ya watsar da ra'ayin.
An gudanar da zaman ne a babban dakin kallo na Abbey Road Studios. Sun rubuta waƙoƙin da kusan ba su wuce gona da iri ba. Sakamakon mafi ban mamaki! Kafin shaharar duniya ta kasance dan kadan ...
Duniya Beatlemania
A lokacin rani na 1963, Bugs sun rubuta arba'in da biyar tana son ku / zan samu ku. Tare da sakin fayafai, al'adun al'adu ya fara, wanda aka karɓa a cikin encyclopedias kamar Beatlemania. Birtaniya ta fada cikin jinƙai na masu nasara, daga baya duk Turai, kuma a 1964 an ci Amurka. A kasashen waje ana kiransa "mamayen Burtaniya".
Kowane mutum ya yi koyi da Beatles, har ma da jazzmen masu ladabi sunyi la'akari da aikin su don inganta abubuwan da ba su da kyau na Beatles.
Ba wai kawai wallafe-wallafen kiɗa sun fara rubuta game da ƙungiyar ba, har ma da yawancin jaridu na tsakiya na ƙasashe daban-daban. Matasa a duk faɗin duniya suna da gashin kansu da kayan ado daga Beatles.
A cikin kaka na 1963, an fitar da kundi na biyu na band, Tare da The Beatles. An fara da wannan faifan, duk fayafai masu zuwa sun riga sun yi oda ta miliyoyin magoya baya. Da alama kowa ya sani a gaba cewa tabbas zai so sabbin wakokin.
Kuma masu yin wasan sun yi rayuwa daidai da tsammanin tare da daukar fansa. Tare da kowane sabon aiki, mawaƙa sun sami sabbin hanyoyi a cikin ƙirƙira, haɓaka ƙwarewarsu kuma sun bayyana fuskokin basirarsu.
Faifai na gaba A Hard Day's Night an sake shi ba kawai akan vinyl ba. Liverpool Four sun yanke shawarar yin fim ɗin ban dariya mai suna iri ɗaya, wanda ke ba da labari game da makomar mawaƙa daga ƙungiyar da ta shahara kuma ba ta yi nasara ba don ɓoyewa daga masu son rai.
Duka rikodin da fim ɗin sun sami babbar amsa. Abin lura shi ne cewa "Maraice ..." ya zama aikin farko na tawagar, inda duk ayyukan na marubucin membobin kungiyar ne, ba a haɗa ko da murfin guda ba.
Nasarar da ba a taɓa gani ba na Beatles yana tare da balaguro marasa iyaka. A ko'ina kungiyar ta hadu da dimbin masoya.
Bayan kundi na Beatles for Sale (1964), Beatles sun sake ƙoƙari su saki faifan kiɗa da yin fim a lokaci guda. Wannan aikin ana kiransa Taimako kuma yana da tabbas ga nasara. Tsaye a nan ita ce waƙar Jiya ("Jiya").
An yi shi da guitar kirtani da kaɗe-kaɗe, inda ya sami lakabin ɗaya daga cikin mafi shahara a cikin repertoire na ƙungiyar. Dangane da adadin murfin, aikin ya shiga cikin Guinness Book of Records. Shaharar kungiyar ta yadu a duniya da sauri.
Pure studio band
Babban aikin Beatles shine faifan Rubber Soul ("Rubber Soul"). A kan shi, masu wasan kwaikwayo sun ƙaura daga dutsen gargajiya da nadi kuma suka juya zuwa kiɗa tare da abubuwa na psychedelia wanda ya kasance na zamani a lokacin. Saboda sarkar kayan, an yanke shawarar ƙin yin wasan kwaikwayo.
Haka nan kuma an yi halitta ta gaba - Revolver. Hakanan ya haɗa da abubuwan da ba a yi niyya don aikin mataki ba. Alal misali, a cikin ban mamaki abun da ke ciki Eleanor Rigby, mazan yi kawai vocal sassa, da kuma music na biyu kirtani quartets tare da su.
Idan ya ɗauki kwana ɗaya kawai don yin rikodin dukan kundi a cikin 1963, to, ya ɗauki lokaci guda don yin aiki akan waƙa ɗaya kawai. Kiɗa na Beatles ya zama mafi rikitarwa da ƙwarewa.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ƙungiyar shine ra'ayi album Sgt. Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwaƙwalwar Zuciya ta Pepper ("Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", 1967). Dukkan abubuwan da aka tsara a cikinsa sun haɗu da ra'ayi ɗaya: mai sauraro ya koyi game da tarihin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta wani Pepper kuma, kamar yadda yake, ya kasance a wurin waƙarsa. John, Paul, George, Ringo da George Martin sun ji daɗin gwaji tare da sautuna, nau'ikan kiɗa da ra'ayoyi.
Kundin ya sami tabbataccen sake dubawa daga masu sukar da kuma ƙaunar masu sauraro, wanda ya zama, bisa ga masana da yawa, babban nasara a tarihin kiɗan pop na duniya.
Breakup na Beatles
A cikin watan Agustan 1967, Brian Epstein ya mutu, kuma yawancin magoya bayan ƙungiyar sun danganta wannan asara ga kara rugujewar babbar ƙungiya. Wata hanya ko wata, tana da kusan shekaru biyu da wanzuwa. A wannan lokacin, Beatles sun fito da yawa kamar fayafai 5:
- Yawon shakatawa na Sihiri (1967);
- The Beatles (White Album, White Album, 1968) - biyu;
- Yellow Submarine (1969) - wasan kwaikwayo mai ban dariya;
- Hanyar Abbey (1969);
- Bari Ya kasance (1970).
Duk abubuwan da aka yi a sama cike suke da sabbin abubuwa da kuma wakoki masu ban sha'awa.
Lokaci na ƙarshe da Beatles suka yi aiki a ɗakin studio tare shine a watan Yuli-Agusta 1969. The Let It Be Disc, wanda aka saki a 1970, yana da mahimmanci a wancan lokacin ƙungiyar ba ta wanzu ba ...
