Benny Goodman wani hali ne wanda ba shi yiwuwa a yi tunanin kiɗa ba tare da shi ba. Sau da yawa ana kiransa sarkin lilo. Wadanda suka ba Benny wannan lakabi suna da duk abin da za su yi tunanin haka. Ko a yau babu shakka cewa Benny Goodman mawaki ne daga Allah.
Benny Goodman ya kasance fiye da sanannen clarinetist kuma ɗan sanda. Mawaƙin ya ƙirƙiri mawaƙan kade-kade da aka sani don haɗin kai da haɗin kai mai ban mamaki.
Mawakin ya shahara da gagarumin tasirinsa na zamantakewa. Mawakan bakaken fata sun yi wasa a kungiyar makada ta Benny a lokacin da ake yawan nuna son kai da wariya.
Yara da matasa
An haifi Benny a cikin dangin Yahudawa masu hijira daga Daular Rasha, David Gutman (daga Belaya Tserkov) da Dora Rezinskaya-Gutman (bisa ga wasu kafofin, Jojiyanci ko Grinskaya, daga Kovno).
Tun yana ƙuruciya ya kasance yana son kiɗa. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 10, clarinet ya fada hannun Benny. Bayan shekara guda, yaron ya buga wasan kwaikwayo na shahararren Ted Lewis.
Goodman ya haskaka wata a matsayin mawaƙin titi. Lokacin da yaron yana matashi, ya riga ya sami kuɗin aljihunsa. A wannan lokacin, Benny ya fara fahimtar tasirin kiɗa akansa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya bar makarantar sakandare kuma ya sadaukar da kansa ga ƙirƙira. Kusan nan da nan bayan yanke shawarar barin makarantar, ya shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa na ƙaho Bix Beiderbeck.
Af, Benny Goodman shine mawaƙin farar fata na farko wanda ya sami karɓuwa a tsakanin baƙar fata jazzmen. Yana da daraja. Tabbas, ko a lokacin duk wanda ya ji wasan mutumin ya fahimci cewa zai yi nisa.
Hanyar kirkira ta Benny Goodman
A cikin kaka na 1929, mawaƙin jazz ya bar ƙungiyar makaɗa kuma ya koma New York. Benny bai bar ƙungiyar ba kawai. Ya so ya gina sana'ar solo.
Ba da daɗewa ba, matashin mawaƙin yana yin rikodin waƙoƙi a rediyo, yana wasa a cikin kade-kade na mawakan Broadway, yana rubuta abubuwan kida. Kuma ya yi su da kansa, tare da goyon bayan ingantattun ensembles.
Bayan wani lokaci, Benny Goodman ya rubuta waƙa, godiya ga wanda ya sami farin jini na farko. Muna magana ne game da waƙar kiɗan da bai cancanci hawayenku ba. An yi rikodin waƙar a cikin 1931 ta Meloton Records da fitaccen mawaƙi Scrappy Lambert.
Ba da daɗewa ba mawaƙin ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko tare da Columbia Records. A cikin 1934, Ain't Cha Glad?, Riffin' the Scotch, Ol'Pappy, I Ain't Lazy, I'm Just Dreamin' ya jagoranci manyan ginshiƙan kiɗan ƙasar.
Ganewa da farkon "zaman lilo"
Masoyan kiɗa da magoya baya sun yarda da abubuwan da mai zane ya gabatar. Gaskiyar cewa waƙoƙin sun kasance a cikin ginshiƙi, ba shakka, sun ƙara suna Benny Goodman. Me za ku iya tsammani daga mawaƙin da ya riga ya fito da ayyuka goma sha biyu masu dacewa? Tabbas, sabon gwaninta. Haɗin Glow Moon (1934) ya ɗauki matsayi na 1 na ginshiƙi. Nasara ce mai ma'ana.
An maimaita nasarar wannan waƙa ta Take My Word da Bugle Call Rag. Bayan an kammala kwantiragin da dakin waka, an gayyaci Benny zuwa gidan rediyon NBC don daukar nauyin shirin Mu Rawa a ranar Asabar.
Domin watanni 6 na aiki, Benny Goodman ya buga saman ginshiƙan kiɗan sau goma sha biyu. An sake maimaita wannan nasarar bayan mawaƙin ya fara aiki tare da kamfanin rikodin RCA Victor.
Amma ba da daɗewa ba aka rufe shirin, inda Benny Goodman ya kasance mai masaukin baki. Wannan taron ya yi iyaka da yajin aikin ma'aikata a Kamfanin Biscuit na kasa - mai daukar nauyin shirin rediyon. Don haka, an bar Goodman da tawagarsa ba tare da aiki ba.
Wannan ba shine mafi kyawun lokuta ga Amurka ta Amurka ba. Kasar ta kasance a cikin wani mawuyacin hali. Benny Goodman da makadansa, a ma'anar kalmar, an bar su ba tare da kuɗi ba. Ba da daɗewa ba mawaƙin ya yanke shawarar tafiya a cikin motoci masu zaman kansu a kan babban yawon shakatawa.
A kan hanyar ta cikin garuruwan Midwest, wasannin kade-kade ba su da farin jini sosai. Galibin mahalarta taron sun bar zauren ne bayan sun fahimci cewa mawakan na kida ne, ba kidan rawa ba.
Lokuta masu wahala ga Benny Goodman
Mawakan ba su da kuɗi a zahiri. Sun fada cikin damuwa. Da yawa sun bar ƙungiyar makaɗa kawai don suna bukatar abin da za su ciyar da iyalinsu. Ayyukan ba su da fa'ida.
Ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe ta yi shi zuwa Los Angeles. Mawaƙin wannan lokacin ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi gwaji. Ba nasu suke yi ba, amma kiɗan rawa. A cikin zauren, masu sauraro sun dauka ba tare da sha'awar ba, an tattake su a cikin raƙuman ruwa, an fara gunaguni. Mawaƙin ƙungiyar ya yi ihu, “Maza, menene jahannama muke yi? Idan wannan shine wasan kwaikwayon na ƙarshe, mu tabbatar da cewa ba mu ji kunyar ganin kanmu daga fagen daga ba. "
Mawakan sun daina kunna kiɗan raye-raye kuma suna yin lilo da aka saba yi. Da yamma sun yi aiki a 100%. Masu sauraro sun yi murna. Masoyan kiɗan “sun yi ruri” cikin farin ciki da annashuwa. Mutane da yawa sun gane shahararrun waƙoƙin Benny Goodman.
Bayan ɗan lokaci, Benny Goodman ya koma yankin Chicago. A can, tare da mai wasan kwaikwayo Helen, Ward ya rubuta wasu abubuwan "m" da dama, wanda a nan gaba ya zama sanannun litattafai. Game da wakokin ne:
- Ya Dade Haka;
- mai kyau-mai kyau;
- Daukakar Soyayya;
- Wadannan Wawayen Abubuwan Tuna Da Ku;
- Kun Juya min Tebura.
Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake gayyatar Benny Goodman don jagorantar shirin. Ya zama mai masaukin baki na Raƙumi Caravan show. A cikin kaka na 1936, ƙungiyar makaɗarsa ta fara fitowa a talabijin. Sai mawakin ya koma New York.
Kololuwar Sana'ar Kiɗa ta Benny Goodman
Shekara guda bayan haka, waƙoƙin kiɗa na Benny Goodman sun sake buga manyan matsayi na sigogin kiɗan. Shahararriyar sha'awa ta fada kan mawaƙin. Ba da da ewa, mawaƙa karkashin jagorancin mawaƙi ya shiga cikin yin fim na "Hotel Hollywood".
Zauren rawa na Savoy, wanda 'yan kallo na kasashe daban-daban suka ziyarta, a wancan lokaci ya karbi bakuncin yakin na Jazz Bands, inda kungiyar kade-kade ta Chick Webb ke yawan cin galaba a kan abokan hamayyarta. Goodman, fahimtar muhimmancinsa, ya kalubalanci Chick Webb.
New York ta yi ajiyar zuciya don jiran faɗuwar kidan da aka daɗe ana jira. Masu kallo sun kasa jira arangamar titan biyu. Kuma a maraicen da aka nada, gidan rawa na Savoy ya cika. Zauren ya dauki mutane sama da dubu hudu. Masu sauraro suna jira. Wani abu ne!
Babu wani daga cikin ’yan kallo da ke wurin da ya ji irin wannan abu a baya! Mawakan sun yi ƙoƙari sosai har da alama ana cajin iskar da wannan ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Duk da asali da nagarta na mawaƙa na ƙungiyar kaɗe-kaɗe ta Goodman, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Chick Webb ita ce mafi kyau. Lokacin da mawakan da suka saba wa juna suka fara wasa, membobin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Benny Goodman sun ɗaga hannu kawai. Sun san cewa Chick Webb zai yi nasara.
Kololuwar aikin waƙar Benny Goodman ya zo a cikin 1938. A wannan shekarar ne mawakin ya gudanar da wani shahararren shagali a dakin taro na Carnegie Hall da ke birnin New York. Sa'an nan kuma mawaki ya yi ba kawai songs daga nasa repertoire, amma kuma Al Jolson ta Avalon waƙa.
A wannan shekarar, waƙoƙin Goodman sun kasance a cikin manyan 14 fiye da sau 10. Shahararrun wakokin sun hada da Na Bar Waka Ta Fita Daga Zuciyata, Kar Ku Kasance Haka Kuma Ku Yi Waƙa, Waƙa, Waƙa (Tare Da Kiɗa). Waƙar ƙarshe ta shahara sosai. Daga baya aka shigar da ita cikin Grammy Hall of Fame.
Ayyukan Benny Goodman a lokacin yakin bayan yakin
Shigar da Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya na biyu da yajin aikin da kungiyar mawakan Amurka ta fara ya tilasta wa Benny dakatar da hadin gwiwarsa da Victor RCA na wani dan lokaci.
Mawakin ya samu nasarar kammala aikin wasu wakoki tun ma kafin yajin aikin. Abun da ke tattare da Samun Dama akan Soyayya ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman.
Sannan ya gwada hannunsa a cinema. Ya fito a fina-finai kamar Stage Door Canteen, The Gang's All Here da Sweet and Low-Down. Benny dai ya saba da rawar kuma cikin hazaka ya bayyana yanayin halayensa.
A cikin hunturu na 1944, jazzman, tare da quintet, ya zama memba na Broadway show The Bakwai Arts. Nunin ya tayar da sha'awa sosai tsakanin masu sauraro kuma ya jure wasan kwaikwayo 182.
Bayan shekara guda, an dage haramcin yin rikodin sauti. Benny Goodman ya koma gidan rikodi na asali. Tuni a cikin Afrilu, an fitar da tarin Hot Jazz, wanda nan take ya buge saman 10 mafi kyawun rikodin.
Tarin na gaba Gotta Be This or That shima yayi nasara. A kan rikodin kundin, Goodman da kansa ya yi ɓangaren murya a karon farko. An dauki wannan taron a cikin waƙar Symphony.
Ba da da ewa Benny ya koma gidan rikodi Capitol Records. Bugu da kari, ya shiga cikin daukar fim din A Song is Born. A cikin lokaci guda, gwajin kiɗansa na gaba ya fara.
Swing ya maye gurbin bebop, kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Goodman ta rubuta ƙididdiga da yawa a cikin wannan salon. Wani babban abin mamaki shine bayanin cewa Goodman yana wargaza makada. Wannan taron ya faru a cikin 1949. A nan gaba, mawaƙin ya tattara ƙungiyar makaɗa, amma kawai don abin da ake kira "ayyukan" lokaci ɗaya.
A farkon shekarun 1950, Benny a zahiri bai gudanar da ayyukan tsarawa ba. A lokaci guda, tarinsa Jazz Concert a Carnegie Hall ya bayyana. Mawaƙin “ya saka hannun jari” wani rikodin raye-raye na shahararren wasan kwaikwayon a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1938 a cikin wannan faifan.
Magoya bayansa da masu sukar kiɗan sun karɓo taron na gaba na Jazz Concerto No. 2. Bayan shekara guda, hoton mawaƙin ya cika da wani kundi mai suna The Benny Goodman Labari.
Shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwar Benny Goodman
Tun tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Benny Goodman ya yi tafiye-tafiye da dama a duniya. A farkon shekarun 1960, mawaƙin ya ziyarci ƙasar Tarayyar Soviet. Irin tarbar da masoyansa suka yi masa ya burge shi. A sakamakon haka, ya fito da album "Benny Goodman a Moscow".
A cikin 1963, mawaƙa waɗanda suka yi wasa tare da Goodman har zuwa farkon 1930s sun taru a RCA Victor Studios. Muna magana ne game da Gene Krupe, Teddy Wilson da Lionel Hampton. Mawakan sun haɗu ba kawai irin wannan ba, amma don yin rikodin kundin "Tare Again!". Kundin bai tafi ba a lura da magoya baya.
Shekaru sun ji kansu, don haka mawaƙin a zahiri bai yi rera waƙoƙi ba. Iyakar aiki mai mahimmanci shine tarin "Benny Goodman A Yau", wanda aka rubuta a 1971 a Stockholm. Jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa, Benny Goodman ya sami lambar yabo ta Grammy. Kundin "Bari mu rawa!" ya ci nasara. (dangane da kiɗan don shirin rediyo mai suna iri ɗaya).
Benny Goodman ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1986 a New York. Ya dade yana fama da matsalolin zuciya. Ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya kuma an binne shi a Stamford.
A zahiri, Benny Goodman ya bar baya da kyawawan abubuwan kirkira. Ya haɗa da tarin abubuwa da yawa waɗanda aka yi rikodin su a ɗakunan rikodin Columbia da RCA Victor.
Akwai jerin fayafai daga rumbun ajiyar mawaƙin, wanda Master Master ya fitar, da rakodi daban-daban na daidaikun mutane. Kuma ko da yake mawaƙin ya daɗe da mutuwa, amma waƙoƙinsa ba su dawwama.
