Carl Orff ya shahara a matsayin mawaki kuma ƙwararren mawaki. Ya gudanar da tsara ayyukan da suke da sauƙin sauraro, amma a lokaci guda, abubuwan da aka tsara sun riƙe sophistication da asali. "Carmina Burana" shine mafi shahararren aikin maestro. Karl ya ba da shawarar nuna alamar wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗa.
Ya shahara ba kawai a matsayin ƙwararren mawaki ba, har ma a matsayin malami. Ya ɓullo da nasa dabarun koyarwa, wanda ya dogara akan ingantawa.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
An haife shi a kan ƙasa na m Munich, Yuli 10, 1895. Jinin yahudawa ya kwarara a cikin jijiyoyin maestro. Ya yi sa'a da aka rene shi a cikin dangi na farko mai hankali.
Orffs ba su damu da kerawa ba. Ana yawan kunna kida a gidansu. Shugaban gidan ya mallaki kayan kida da yawa. Tabbas ya gaya wa yaran iliminsa. Uwar kuma ta ci gaba da haɓaka iyawa a cikin yara - ta kasance mutum mai mahimmanci.
Carl yana sha'awar kiɗa tun yana ƙarami. Ya yi nazarin sautin kayan kida daban-daban. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 4, ya fara halartar wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yar tsana. Wannan taron za a rubuta shi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa na shekaru masu zuwa.
Piano shine kayan aiki na farko da ya mika wuya ga baiwa matasa. Ya ƙware ƙididdiga na kiɗa ba tare da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce ba, amma galibi yana son haɓakawa.
Lokacin da ya je dakin motsa jiki, ya rasa darasi a gaskiya. Ta ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen mahaifiyarsa, Karl a wancan lokacin ya iya karatu da rubutu. A cikin darussan ya nishadantar da kansa ta hanyar tsara gajerun wakoki.
Sha'awar wasan wasan tsana ya karu. Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo daidai a gida. Karl kuma ya ja hankalin kanwarsa ga wannan aikin. Orff da kansa ya rubuta rubutun da rakiyar kiɗa.
Lokacin yana matashi, ya fara ziyartar gidan wasan opera. Sanin opera ya fara ne da isar da "The Flying Dutchman" na Richard Wagner. Wasan ya burge shi sosai. A karshe ya yi watsi da karatunsa, kuma ya shafe tsawon lokacinsa yana wasa da kayan kiɗan da ya fi so.
Ba da daɗewa ba ya yanke shawarar barin dakin motsa jiki. Lokacin da ya koma wurin iyayensa don neman shawara, mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa sun goyi bayan ɗansa a wannan muhimmin shawarar. Yana shirin shiga Kwalejin Kiɗa. A 1912, Karl ya shiga cikin makarantar ilimi.
Hanyar kirkira ta maestro Carl Orff
Ya ji takaici da shirin makarantar koyar da waka. Sa'an nan ya so ya matsa zuwa Paris, saboda ya cika da ayyukan Debussy. Sa’ad da iyayen suka gano cewa Karl yana son ya bar ƙasar, sai suka yi ƙoƙari su hana ɗansu yin irin wannan shawarar. A shekara ta 1914, ya kammala karatunsa a jami'ar, kuma bayan haka ya dauki matsayi na rakiya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya ci gaba da daukar darussan kiɗa daga Zilcher.
Bayan 'yan shekaru, ya tafi aiki a Kammerspiel Theater. Mawaƙin ya ji daɗin sabon matsayi, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka fara yakin duniya na farko, kuma saurayin ya tashi. Bayan samun mummunan rauni, an mayar da Karl a baya. Ya shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mannheim kuma nan da nan ya koma Munich.
Ya zama mai sha'awar koyarwa. Ba da daɗewa ba, Karl ya soma koyarwa, amma bayan ɗan lokaci ya bar wannan ajin. A cikin 1923, ya buɗe makarantar rawa da kiɗa ta Günterschule.
Ka'idar Karl Orff ta ƙunshi haɗin motsi, kiɗa da kalmomi. Hanyarsa "Music for Children" an gina shi ne a kan gaskiyar cewa za a iya bayyana yuwuwar ƙirar yaro ta hanyar haɓakawa. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga kiɗa ba, har ma ga rubuce-rubuce, zane-zane, da fasahar gani.
A hankali, ilimin koyarwa ya ɓace a bango. Ya sake fara rubuta ayyukan kiɗa. A wannan lokacin, an fara wasan opera Carmina Burana. "Songs of Boyern" - ya zama tushe ga aikin kiɗa. Abokan zamanin Orff sun yarda da aikin.
Carmina Burana shine kashi na farko na trilogy, kuma Catulli Carmina da Trionfo di Afrodite sune na gaba. Mawakin ya ce game da aikinsa:
"Wannan ita ce jituwa ta ruhun ɗan adam, wanda a cikinsa ake kiyaye ma'auni tsakanin jiki da na ruhaniya daidai."
Shahararriyar Carl Orff
A lokacin faduwar rana a cikin 30s, Carmina Burana ta fara a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. ’Yan Nazi, waɗanda a lokacin suka hau mulki, sun yaba da aikin. Goebbels da Hitler sun kasance a cikin jerin waɗanda suka ƙaunaci aikin Orff.
A kan kalaman shahararsa, ya fara rubuta sabbin ayyukan kida. Ba da daɗewa ba ya gabatar da wasan opera O Fortuna ga al'umma, wanda aka sani a yau har ga waɗanda suka yi nisa da fasaha.
Shahararru da ikon maestro sun ƙara ƙarfi kowace rana. An ba shi amanar rubuta rakiyar kiɗa don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na Mafarkin Dare na A Midsummer. A lokacin, aikin Mendelssohn a Jamus ya kasance baƙar fata, don haka Karl ya fara aiki tare da darektoci sosai. Mawaƙin bai gamsu da aikin da aka yi ba. Ya gyara rakiyar kiɗan har zuwa tsakiyar 60s.
Tushen Yahudawa ba su hana shi kasancewa da kyakkyawar alaka da hukuma ba. A ƙarshen yaƙin, an saka Karl baƙar fata saboda goyon bayansa ga Adolf Hitler. Duk da haka, matsalar ta ƙetare gwanin kiɗa.
"Comedy a ƙarshen zamani" an haɗa shi a cikin jerin ayyukan ƙarshe na maigidan. An rubuta aikin a cikin shekara ta 73 na karni na karshe. Ana iya jin abun da ke ciki a cikin fina-finan "Ƙasashen Kufai" da "Ƙauna ta Gaskiya".
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar mawaƙin na sirri
Ya ji daɗin kallon mafi kyawun jima'i. A cikin rayuwarsa, sha'awar soyayya takan faru sau da yawa. Karl ya yanke shawarar dora wa kansa nauyin aure yana dan shekara 25.
Mawaƙin Opera Alice Zolscher ya sami nasarar cinye mawaki ba kawai da muryarta ta sihiri ba, har ma da kyawunta. A wannan auren, ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya mace. 'Yar da Alice ta haifi Orfu ta zama magajin Charles tilo.
Yana da wuya Alice ta zauna ƙarƙashin rufin da Carl. Yanayinsa ya canza akai-akai. A karshen rayuwarsu tare, babu wani digo da ya rage na soyayyar mutane biyu masu kirkira. Suka yanke shawarar su tafi.
Gertrude Willert - ya zama na biyu hukuma matar celebrity. Ta kai shekara 19 a kan mijinta. Da farko, ya zama kamar cewa shekarun shekarun ba zai tsoma baki tare da sababbin ma'aurata ba, amma a ƙarshe, Gertrude ba zai iya jurewa ba - ta gabatar da saki. Daga baya, matar za ta zargi Karl da kasancewa mai rigima da son kai. Gertrude ta kuma zargi tsohon mijinta da cin amana akai-akai. Ta yi magana game da yadda ta sha kama shi yana yaudarar matasa masu fasaha.
A tsakiyar 50s, marubuci Louise Rinser ya zama matarsa. Kaico, wannan auren bai kawo farin ciki Orph a rayuwarsa ba. Matar ba ta amince da cin amanar mutumin ba, kuma ta nemi a sake ta.
Lokacin da Karl ya haura 60, ya auri Liselotte Schmitz. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar Orff, amma ba da daɗewa ba dangantakar aiki ta zama soyayya. Ta kasance ƙarami sosai fiye da Carl. Liselotte - ya zama matar karshe na maestro. Matar ta kirkiro gidauniyar Orff kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa 2012.
Mutuwar mawaki Carl Orff
A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya yi fama da ciwon daji. A lokacin balaga, likitoci sun gano Karl tare da ganewar asali mai ban sha'awa - ciwon daji na pancreatic. Wannan cuta ta kai ga mutuwarsa. Ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1982. Bisa ga wasiyyar, an kona gawar maestro.
