Charlie Parker (Charlie Parker): Biography na artist

Wanene ya koya wa tsuntsu yin waƙa? Wannan tambaya ce ta wauta. An haifi tsuntsu da wannan kiran. A gareta, waƙa da numfashi iri ɗaya ne. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran masu wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarni na ƙarshe, Charlie Parker, wanda galibi ana kiransa Bird.

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Charlie labari ne na jazz mara mutuwa. Ba'amurke saxophonist kuma mawaki wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa salon bebop. Mai zane ya yi nasarar yin juyin juya hali na gaske a duniyar jazz. Ya ƙirƙiri sabon ra'ayi na menene kiɗan.

Yarantaka da matasa na Charlie Parker

An haifi Charlie Parker a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1920 a cikin ƙaramin garin Kansas City (Kansas). Ya yi ƙuruciyarsa a Kansas City, Missouri.

Guy daga ƙuruciya yana sha'awar kiɗa. Yana da shekaru 11, ya ƙware wajen buga saxophone, kuma bayan shekaru uku Charlie Parker ya zama memba na ƙungiyar makaranta. Sosai yayi murna da samun kiransa.

A farkon shekarun 1930, an ƙirƙiri wani salo na musamman na kiɗan jazz a wurin da aka haifi Parker. An bambanta sabon salon ta hanyar shiga ciki, wanda aka "kayan" tare da blues intonations, da kuma ingantawa. Kiɗa ya yi sauti a ko'ina kuma yana da wuya a yi soyayya da shi.

Farkon aikin kirkirar Charlie Parker

A lokacin samartaka, Charlie Parker ya yanke shawarar sana'arsa ta gaba. Ya bar makaranta ya shiga band'aki. Mawakan sun yi wasa a wuraren shakatawa, shagali da gidajen abinci.

Duk da gajiyawar aiki, masu sauraro sun kiyasta wasan kwaikwayon na mutanen a $ 1. Amma ɗan ƙaramin tip ɗin ba kome ba ne idan aka kwatanta da gogewar da mawaƙin ya samu a kan mataki. A wancan lokacin, ana yi wa Charlie Parker laqabi da Yardbird (Yardbird), wanda a cikin sojojin yana nufin “rookie”.

Charlie ya tuna cewa a matakin farko na aikinsa dole ne ya ciyar da fiye da sa'o'i 15 a cikin gwaje-gwaje. Gajiya da karatu ya sanya saurayin farin ciki sosai.

A 1938 ya shiga cikin Jazz pianist Jay McShann. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya fara aikin ƙwararrun mafari. Tare da tawagar Jay, ya zagaya Amurka, har ma ya ziyarci New York. Rikodin ƙwararru na farko na Parker ya kasance tun daga wannan lokacin, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarin McShann.

Charlie Parker ya koma New York

A cikin 1939, Charlie Parker ya gane mafarkin da yake so. Ya koma New York don ci gaba da aikinsa. Duk da haka, a cikin birni, dole ne ya sami ba kawai kiɗa ba. Na dogon lokaci, mutumin ya yi aiki a matsayin mai wanki don $ 9 a mako a Jimmies Chicken Shack, inda shahararren Art Tatum ya yi.

Shekaru uku bayan haka, Parker ya bar wurin da ƙwararrun sana'arsa ta kiɗa ta fara. Ya yi bankwana da ƙungiyar McShann don yin wasa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Earl Hines. A can ya hadu da mai yin kaho Dizzy Gillespie.

Abokan Charlie da Dizzy sun haɓaka zuwa dangantakar aiki. Mawakan sun fara yin kida ne a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Farkon aikin kirkire-kirkire na Charlie da samuwar sabon salon bebop ya kasance a zahiri ba tare da tabbatar da gaskiya ba. Duk laifin yajin aikin kungiyar mawakan Amurka ne a 1942-1943. Sannan Parker a zahiri bai yi rikodin sabbin abubuwan da aka tsara ba.

Ba da daɗewa ba jazz "legend" ya shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa waɗanda suka yi wasan kwaikwayo a wuraren shakatawa na dare a Harlem. Baya ga Charlie Parker, ƙungiyar ta haɗa da: Dizzy Gillespie, ɗan wasan pianist Thelonious Monk, mawallafin guitar Charlie Christian da mai kaɗa Kenny Clarke.

Masu boppers suna da nasu hangen nesa na ci gaban kiɗan jazz, kuma sun bayyana ra'ayinsu. Monku ya taba cewa: 

“Al’ummarmu suna son kunna waƙar da ‘ba za ta iya kunnawa ba. Kalmar "shi" yakamata ta kasance tana nufin farar fata masu fafutuka waɗanda suka karɓi salon lilo daga baƙar fata kuma a lokaci guda suna samun kuɗi daga kiɗa ... ".

Charlie Parker, tare da mutanensa masu ra'ayi, sun yi wasan kwaikwayo a wuraren shakatawa na dare a kan titin 52nd. Mafi sau da yawa, mawaƙa sun tafi clubs "Duchess Uku" da "Onyx".

A New York, Parker ya ɗauki darussan kiɗan da ake biya. Malaminsa shi ne ƙwararren mawaki kuma mai tsara Maury Deutsch.

Matsayin Charlie Parker a cikin haɓakar bebop

A cikin 1950s, Charlie Parker ya ba da cikakkiyar hira ga ɗaya daga cikin manyan wallafe-wallafe. Mawakin ya tuna daya daga cikin dare a 1939. Sa'an nan ya buga Cherokee tare da guitarist William "Biddy" Fleet. Charlie ya ce a wannan daren ne ya ke da ra'ayin yadda za a rarraba solo na "marasa hankali".

Tunanin Parker ya sa waƙar ta zama daban. Ya gane cewa, ta yin amfani da duk sautunan 12 na ma'auni na chromatic, yana yiwuwa a jagoranci waƙar zuwa kowane maɓalli. Wannan ya saba wa ka'idojin yau da kullun na ginin jazz solos, amma a lokaci guda ya sanya abubuwan da aka tsara "dadi".

Lokacin da bebop ya kasance a ƙuruciyarsa, yawancin masu sukar kiɗa da jazzmen na zamanin lilo sun soki sabon alkibla. Amma boppers sune abu na ƙarshe da suka damu.

Sun kira waɗanda suka ƙaryata game da ci gaban wani sabon salo, moldy ɓaure (ma'ana "moldy trifle", "moldy siffofin"). Amma akwai ƙwararru waɗanda suka fi dacewa game da bebop. Coleman Hawkins da Benny Goodman sun shiga cikin jams, rikodin rikodi, tare da wakilan sabon nau'in.

Saboda haramcin shekaru biyu na rikodin kasuwanci ya kasance daga 1942 zuwa 1944, yawancin kwanakin farko na bebop ba a rubuta su akan rikodin sauti.

Har zuwa 1945, mawaƙa ba a lura da su ba, don haka Charlie Parker ya kasance a cikin inuwar shahararsa. Charlie, tare da Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach da Bud Powell, sun girgiza duniyar kiɗa.

Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayon Charlie Parker.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wasan kwaikwayon da ƙaramin rukuni ya sake fitowa a tsakiyar 2000s: "Concert a New York Town Hall. 22 ga Yuni, 1945". Ba da daɗewa ba Bebop ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Mawakan sun sami magoya baya ba kawai a cikin nau'ikan masoyan kiɗa na yau da kullun ba, har ma da masu sukar kiɗan.

A wannan shekarar, Charlie Parker ya yi rikodin don alamar Savoy. Rikodin daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun zaman jazz na kowane lokaci. Masu suka sun lura da zaman Ko-Ko da kuma Zamanin Yanzu.

Don tallafawa sabbin faifan bidiyo, Charlie da Dizzy sun yi balaguro mai yawa a Amurka. Ba za a iya cewa yawon shakatawa ya yi nasara ba. Yaƙin ya ƙare a Los Angeles a Billy Berg's.

Bayan yawon shakatawa, yawancin mawaƙa sun koma New York, amma Parker ya kasance a California. Mawakin ya musanya tikitin sa da kwayoyi. Ko a lokacin, ya kamu da tabar heroin da barasa har ya kasa sarrafa rayuwarsa. Sakamakon haka tauraruwar ta kare a asibitin masu tabin hankali na jihar Camarillo.

Addiction na Charlie Parker

Charlie Parker ya fara gwada kwayoyi lokacin da ya yi nisa daga mataki da shahararsa gabaɗaya. Rashin jarabar mai zane ga tabar heroin shine dalili na farko na sokewar wasannin kide-kide akai-akai da kuma faduwar kudaden da ya samu.

Ƙara, Charlie ya fara yin rayuwa ta hanyar "tambaya" - wasan kwaikwayo na titi. Lokacin da ba shi da isassun kuɗin shan ƙwayoyi, bai yi jinkiri ba ya karbo su daga abokan aikinsa. Karɓar kyaututtuka daga magoya baya ko buga saxophone da ya fi so. Sau da yawa masu shirya wasan kwaikwayo kafin wasan kwaikwayo na Parker suna zuwa kantin sayar da kayan kwalliya don fanshi kayan kida.

Charlie Parker ya ƙirƙiri ƙwararrun ƙwararru na gaske. Duk da haka, kuma ba zai yiwu a musanta cewa mawaƙin ya kasance mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ba.

Lokacin da Charlie ya koma zama a California, samun tabar heroin ba ta da sauƙi. Rayuwa ta ɗan bambanta a nan, kuma ba kamar yanayin New York ba ne. Tauraruwar ta fara ramawa ga rashin tabar heroin tare da yawan shan barasa.

Yin rikodi don lakabin bugun kira tabbataccen misali ne na yanayin mawaƙin. Kafin zaman, Parker ya cinye kwalban barasa. A kan Max Making Wax, Charlie ya tsallake wasu sanduna na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta farko. Lokacin da mai zane ya shiga, ya bayyana a fili cewa ya bugu kuma ya kasa tsayawa da ƙafafunsa. Lokacin yin rikodin Lover Man, mai samarwa Ross Russell dole ne ya goyi bayan Parker.

Bayan an sallami Parker daga asibitin mahaukata, ya ji daɗi. Charlie ya rubuta wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun tsararru na repertoire.

Kafin barin California, mawaƙin ya saki Relaxin' a jigon Camarillo don girmama zamansa a asibiti. Duk da haka, lokacin da ya koma New York, ya ɗauki tsohuwar al'ada. Heroin a zahiri ya ci rayuwar mashahuri.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Charlie Parker

• Sunayen waƙoƙi da yawa da Charlie ya rubuta suna da alaƙa da tsuntsaye.
• A cikin 1948, mai zane ya sami lakabin "Mawaki na Shekara" (bisa ga babban littafin "Metronome").
• Game da bayyanar laƙabin "Ptah", ra'ayoyin sun bambanta. Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan sauti kamar haka: abokai da ake yi wa lakabi da Charlie "Tsuntsaye" saboda yawan soyayyar da mai zane ke yi ga soyayyen kaji. Wata sigar ita ce, yayin da yake tafiya tare da tawagarsa, Parker ya shiga cikin wani kaji da gangan.
• Abokan Charlie Parker sun ce ya kware sosai a harkar waka - daga Turawa na gargajiya zuwa Latin Amurka da kuma kasa.
• A karshen rayuwarsa Parker ya musulunta, inda ya zama dan kungiyar Ahmadiyya a kasar Amurka.

Mutuwar Charlie Parker

Charlie Parker ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1955. Ya mutu daidai lokacin da yake kallon wasan kwaikwayo na Dorsey Brothers Orchestra a talabijin.

Mawakin ya mutu sakamakon wani mummunan hari da aka kai a bayan cirrhosis na hanta. Parker yayi kyau. Lokacin da likitocin suka zo duba shi, sun ba Parker shekaru 53 a gani, kodayake Charlie yana da shekaru 34 a lokacin mutuwarsa.

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Waɗanda magoya bayan da suke so su ji biography na artist kamata shakka duba da movie, wanda aka sadaukar ga biography na Charlie Parker. Muna magana ne game da fim din "Tsuntsaye" wanda Clint Eastwood ya ba da umarni. Babban rawa a cikin fim din ya tafi Forest Whitaker.