A cikin dogon aiki mai ƙirƙira, Claude Debussy ya ƙirƙiri ƙwararrun ayyuka. Asalin asali da asiri sun amfana da maestro. Bai gane al'adun gargajiya ba kuma ya shiga cikin jerin abubuwan da ake kira "marasa fasaha". Ba kowa ba ne ya fahimci aikin gwanin kiɗa, amma wata hanya ko wata, ya sami damar zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wakilai na impressionism a ƙasarsa.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
An haife shi a birnin Paris. Ranar haihuwar Maestro ita ce 22 ga Agusta, 1862. Claude ya girma a cikin babban iyali. Na ɗan lokaci dangin sun zauna a babban birnin Faransa, amma bayan ɗan lokaci babban iyali ya ƙaura zuwa Cannes. Ba da da ewa Claude ya fara sanin mafi kyawun misalan kiɗan gargajiya. Ya yi karatun keyboards a ƙarƙashin Jean Cerutti ɗan Italiya.
Da sauri ya koya. Claude ya kama duk abin da ke kan tashi. Bayan wani lokaci, saurayin ya ci gaba da sanin kiɗa, amma a cikin Conservatory na Paris. Ya ji dadin aikinsa. Claude yana da kyau tare da malamai.
A cikin 1874, an yaba da ƙoƙarin matashin mawaki. Ya samu lambar yabo ta farko. Claude ya ja hanyar mawaƙi mai ban sha'awa da mawaƙa.
Ya yi hutun bazara a gidan sarauta na Chenonceau, inda ya nishadantar da baƙi tare da wasan piano mai ban mamaki. Rayuwa mai ban sha'awa ba ta kasance baƙo gare shi ba, don haka bayan shekara guda mawaƙin ya ɗauki matsayin koyarwa a gidan Nadezhda von Meck. Bayan haka, ya sadaukar da shekaru da yawa don yawo a kasashen Turai. Sa'an nan kuma ya tsara da yawa miniatures. Muna magana ne game da ayyukan Ballade à la lune da Madrid, princesse des Espagnes.
Ya ci gaba da keta ƙa'idodin gargajiya na abun da ke ciki. Alas, wannan tsarin yana son duk malaman Conservatory na Paris. Duk da wannan, hazakar Debussy ba ta lalacewa ta hanyar ingantawa. Ya karɓi "Prix de Rome" don tsara prodigue na cantata L'enfant. Bayan haka, Claude ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Italiya. Ya ji dadin yanayin da ya mamaye kasar. Jirgin Italiyanci ya cika da sabbin abubuwa da 'yanci.
Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ayyukan kiɗa na Claude, waɗanda aka rubuta a lokacin zaman zama a Italiya, malamai sun bayyana su a matsayin "masu ban mamaki, ƙazanta da rashin fahimta." Ya koma kasarsa, ya rasa ’yancinsa. Claude ya rinjayi rubuce-rubucen Richard Wagner. Bayan wani lokaci, ya kama kansa yana tunanin cewa ayyukan mawaƙin Jamus ba su da makoma.
Hanyar kirkira
Ayyukan farko da suka fito daga alkalami na maestro bai kawo masa farin jini ba. Gabaɗaya, jama'a sun yarda da ayyukan mawaƙa, amma ba a san su ba.
Abokan mawaƙa sun fahimci basirar Claude a 1893. An shigar da Debussy a cikin kwamitin Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta Ƙasa. A can, maestro ya gabatar da waƙar da aka rubuta kwanan nan "String Quartet".
Wannan shekara za ta zama abin tarihi ga mawaki. A cikin 1983, wani taron zai faru wanda zai canza matsayinsa a cikin al'umma. Claude ya halarci wasan kwaikwayo bisa wasan Maurice Maeterlinck "Pelléas et Mélisande". Ya bar gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da wani ɗanɗano mara daɗi. Maestro ya fahimci cewa dole ne a sake haifar da wasan cikin wasan opera. Debussy ya sami amincewar marubucin Belgium don daidaitawa na kiɗa na aikin, bayan haka ya fara aiki.
Kololuwar fasahar kere kere na Claude Debussy
Bayan shekara guda ya kammala wasan opera. Mawaƙin ya gabatar da aikin "Bayan Faun" ga al'umma. Ba wai kawai magoya baya da masu sukar lamirin sun yaba kokarin Claude ba. Ya kasance a kololuwar aikinsa na kere-kere.
A cikin sabon karni, ya fara halartar taron jama'a na Les Apaches. Al'ummar sun hada da jiga-jigan al'adu daban-daban wadanda suka kira kansu "masu kishin fasaha". Yawancin mambobin kungiyar sun kasance a farkon wasan kwaikwayo na Claude's Orchestral Nocturnes mai suna "Clouds", "Celebrations" da "Sirens". An raba ra'ayoyin masu al'adu: wasu sun dauki Debussy a matsayin mai hasara, yayin da wasu, akasin haka, sun yaba da basirar mawaki.
A cikin 1902, an fara fara wasan opera Pelléas et Mélisande. Aikin kida ya sake raba kan al'umma. Debussy yana da masu sha'awar duka biyu da waɗanda ba su ɗauki aikin Bafaranshen da muhimmanci ba.
Duk da cewa an raba ra'ayoyin masu sukar kiɗan, farkon wasan opera da aka gabatar ya yi nasara sosai. Wasan ya samu karbuwa sosai daga masu sauraro. Debussy ya ƙarfafa ikonsa. A daidai wannan lokacin, ya zama jarumi na Order of the Legion of Honor. Lura cewa an buga cikakken bugu na waƙar takarda bayan shekaru biyu bayan gabatar da makin muryar.
Ba da da ewa ba da farko na daya daga cikin mafi shiga ayyukan repertoire Debussy ya faru. Muna magana ne game da symphonic abun da ke ciki "Sea". Maqalar ta sake haifar da cece-kuce. Duk da haka, an ƙara jin ayyukan Claude daga matakan mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na Turai.
Nasarar ta zaburar da mawaƙin Faransanci zuwa sababbin fa'idodi. A farkon sabon ƙarni, ya ƙirƙira watakila mafi shahara guda ga piano. Musamman abin lura shine "Preludes", wanda ya ƙunshi littattafai guda biyu.
A 1914 ya fara rubuta sake zagayowar sonatas. Kaico, bai gama aikinsa ba. A wannan lokacin, lafiyar maestro ta girgiza sosai. A shekara ta 1917 ya tsara abubuwan da aka tsara don piano da violin. Wannan shine karshen aikinsa.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri na Claude Debussy
Babu shakka, mawaki ya ji daɗin nasara tare da jima'i mafi kyau. Babban sha'awar Debussy ta farko ita ce kyakkyawar mace Bafaranshiya mai suna Marie. A lokacin da suka saba, ta yi aure da Henri Vasnier. Ta zama uwargidan Claude kuma ta yi masa ta'aziyya har tsawon shekaru 7.
Yarinyar ta sami ƙarfi a kanta kuma ta yanke dangantaka da Debussy. Marie ta koma wurin mijinta. Ga Claudie, wata Bafaranshiya mai aure ta zama ainihin gidan kayan gargajiya. Ya sadaukar da kida fiye da 20 ga yarinyar.
Bai daɗe da baƙin ciki ba kuma ya sami kwanciyar hankali a hannun Gabrielle Dupont. Bayan shekaru biyu, masoya sun yanke shawarar ɗaukar dangantakar su zuwa wani sabon matakin. Ma'auratan sun zauna a gida ɗaya. Amma Debussy ya zama mutum marar aminci - ya yaudari wanda ya zaɓa tare da Teresa Roger. A 1894, ya ba da shawara ga mace. Abokan Claude sun yi tir da halinsa. Sun yi komai don ganin ba a yi auren nan ba.
Claude ya yi aure ne kawai bayan shekaru 5. A wannan karon Marie-Rosalie Textier ce ta sace zuciyarsa. Matar ba ta daɗe ba ta zama matar mawaki. Ya tafi dabara yana cewa idan ba ta aure shi ba zai kashe kansa.
Matar, tana da kyawun Allah, amma ta kasance butulci da wauta. Ba ta fahimci kiɗa ba kwata-kwata kuma ba za ta iya ci gaba da kamfanin Debussy ba. Ba tare da yin tunani sau biyu ba, Claude ta aika da matar zuwa ga iyayenta kuma ta soma wani al’amari da wata matar aure mai suna Emma Bardak. Matar a hukumance, wacce ta sami labarin makircin mijinta, tayi kokarin kashe kanta. Lokacin da abokai suka sami labarin abubuwan da suka faru na Debussy na gaba, sun yanke masa hukunci.
A 1905, farka Claude ya yi ciki. Debussy, ƙoƙarin kare ƙaunataccensa, ya motsa ta zuwa London. Bayan wani lokaci, ma'auratan sun koma Paris. Matar ta haifi diya mace daga wajen mawakin. Bayan shekara uku suka yi aure.
Mutuwar Claude Debussy
A cikin 1908, an ba shi rashin lafiya ganewar asali. Tsawon shekaru 10, mawakin ya yi fama da ciwon daji na colorectal. An yi masa tiyata. Alas, aikin bai inganta yanayin Claude ba.
A cikin watannin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, kusan bai shirya ayyukan kiɗa ba. Yana da wuya ya yi abubuwa na yau da kullun. An janye shi kuma ba ya son zama. Wataƙila, Debussy ya fahimci cewa ba da daɗewa ba zai mutu.
Ya yi rayuwa albarkacin kulawar matarsa ta hukuma da diyarsu ta gari. A cikin 1918, maganin ya daina taimakawa. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1918. Ya rasu a gidansa da ke babban birnin kasar Faransa.
'Yan uwa sun kasa shirya wani gagarumin taron jana'izar. Duk saboda yakin duniya na farko ne. An dauki akwatin gawar maestro ta kan titunan Faransa marasa kowa.
