Count Basie sanannen ɗan wasan piano ne na jazz na Amurka, mai tsara halitta, kuma shugaban babbar ƙungiyar asiri. Basie na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman mutane a tarihin lilo. Ya gudanar da abin da ba zai yiwu ba - ya sanya blues ya zama nau'i na duniya.
Yarantaka da matasa na Count Basie
Count Basie yana sha'awar kiɗan kusan daga shimfiɗar jariri. Mahaifiyar ta ga cewa yaron yana sha’awar kiɗa, sai ta koya masa ya buga piano. A lokacin da ya tsufa, Count wani malami ne ya ɗauke shi aiki wanda ya koya masa yadda ake kunna kayan kida.
Kamar duk yara, Count sun halarci makarantar sakandare. Yaron ya yi mafarkin rayuwar matafiyi, domin ma'abota carnival sukan zo garinsu. Bayan ya karɓi difloma na sakandare, Basie ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida.
Mutumin da sauri ya koyi sarrafa fitilu don nunin vaudeville. Ya yi kyau a kan sauran ƙananan ayyuka, wanda ya sami kyauta kyauta zuwa wasanni.
Da zarar Count ya maye gurbin pianist. Wannan shi ne kwarewarsa ta farko na kasancewa a kan mataki. Wasan farko ya yi nasara. Da sauri ya koyi inganta kiɗa don nunawa da fina-finai shiru.
A lokacin, Count Basie yana aiki a matsayin mawaƙi a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ƙungiyoyin sun yi wasan kwaikwayo a wuraren kulab, wuraren shakatawa, mashaya da gidajen abinci. A wani lokaci, Count ya ziyarci nunin Sarakunan Haɗin kai na Harry Richardson.
Ba da daɗewa ba Count ya yanke shawara mai wuya ga kansa. Ya koma New York, inda ya sadu da James P. Johnson, Fats Waller, da sauran mawakan motsa jiki a Harlem.
Hanyar kirkira ta Count Basie
Bayan motsi, Count Basie ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci a cikin makada na John Clark da Sonny Greer. Ya yi wasa a cabaret da discos. Ba lokaci ne mafi kyau ba dangane da nauyin aiki. Count bai sha wahala daga rashin kulawa ba. Akasin haka, tsarinsa ya shagaltu da yawa har daga karshe mawakin ya fara samun damuwa.
Basie ta yanke shawarar huta ba. Ya fahimci sarai cewa a irin wannan yanayi ba za a iya yin magana ba. Bayan ɗan lokaci, Count ya koma mataki.
Ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da nau'ikan nunin Keith & Toba yana ɗan shekara 20. Basie ya zama darektan kiɗa da rakiya. A cikin 1927, ya raka ƙaramin ƙungiyar kiɗa a Kansas City. Mawaƙin ya daɗe a wani gari na lardi, ƙungiyar ta watse kuma aka bar mawaƙa ba aikin yi.
Basie ya zama wani ɓangare na sanannen ƙungiyar Walter Page's Blue Devils. Basie yana cikin rukunin har zuwa 1929. Sannan ya hada kai da mawakan makada marasa duhu. Wannan matsayi na mawakin bai dace ba. Komai ya faɗi a wurin lokacin da ya zama ɓangare na ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Kansas City na Bennie Moten.
Benny Moten ya mutu a shekara ta 1935. Wannan mummunan lamari ya tilastawa Count da membobin ƙungiyar makaɗa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar ƙungiya. Ya ƙunshi membobi tara tare da ɗan wasan bugu Joe Jones da ɗan wasan saxophonist Lester Young. Sabuwar ƙungiyar ta fara yin wasa a ƙarƙashin sunan Barons of Rhythm.
Farawa Reno Club
Bayan ɗan lokaci, mawaƙa sun fara aiki a Reno Club (Kansas City). An fara buga kidan kida na rukunin a gidajen rediyon gida. Wannan ya haifar da karuwa a cikin shahara da kwangila tare da Hukumar Bugawa ta Kasa da Decca Records.
Tare da taimakon mai watsa shirye-shiryen kide-kide na rediyo, Basie ya sami taken "ƙidaya" ("ƙidaya"). Ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ci gaba da haɓaka. Mambobin ƙungiyar sun gwada sauti. Ba da da ewa ba sun yi wasa a ƙarƙashin sabon sunan Count Basie Orchestra. A karkashin irin wannan ƙirƙira pseudonym ne tawagar ta kai matsayin mafi kyawun babban band na zamanin lilo.
Ba da daɗewa ba faifan ƙungiyar sun fada hannun furodusa John Hammond. Ya taimaka wa mawaƙan su bar lardin kuma suka ƙaura zuwa New York. An bambanta ƙungiyar Basie Count ta gaskiyar cewa ta haɗa da mawaƙa na musamman - ƙwararrun soloists na gaske.
Ƙarfin abun da ke ciki ya ba da damar yin amfani da repertoire tare da "m" guda bisa ga tsarin jituwa na blues, kuma kusan "a kan tafiya" don tsara riffs masu goyon bayan mawaƙa na yanayi.
A cikin 1936, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Count Basie tana da manyan mawaƙa masu zuwa:
- Buck Clayton;
- Harry Edison;
- Shafi Mai zafi;
- Lester Young;
- Hershel Evans;
- Earl Warren;
- Buddy Tate;
- Benny Morton;
- Dicky Wells.
An gane ɓangaren rhythm na ƙungiyar da kyau a matsayin mafi kyau a jazz. Game da kaɗe-kaɗen kiɗa. Masoyan kiɗa ya kamata su saurari: Tsalle Karfe ɗaya, Jumpin' a Woodside, Rawar Yaƙin Taxi.
Farkon shekarun 1940
An fara farkon shekarun 1940 tare da gaskiyar cewa sababbin mawaƙa sun shiga ƙungiyar. Muna magana ne game da Don Bayes, Lucky Thompson, Jaket na Illinois, trumpeter Joe Newman, trombonist Vicki Dickenson, JJ Johnson.
A shekara ta 1944, an sayar da fiye da miliyan 3 na tarin tarin a duk faɗin duniya. Da alama ya kamata aikin mawaƙa ya ci gaba da haɓaka. Amma ba a can.
A cikin aikin Basie da babban ƙungiyarsa, saboda yanayin yaƙi, an sami rikici mai ƙirƙira. Abun da ke ciki yana canzawa akai-akai, wanda ya haifar da tabarbarewar sautin kade-kade. Kusan duk ensembles sun fuskanci rikicin ƙirƙira. Basie ba shi da wani zaɓi face ya wargaza jerin sunayen a 1950.
A cikin 1952, ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da ayyukanta. Don dawo da martabar Basie, tawagarsa ta fara zagayawa sosai. Mawakan sun fitar da ayyuka da dama da suka cancanta. Count ya sami lakabin "masanin ƙwararru na lilo". A 1954, mawaƙa sun tafi yawon shakatawa na Turai.
A cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa, an cika ɗimbin faifan bidiyo na ƙungiyar da adadi mai yawa. Bugu da kari, Basie ya fitar da tarin solo tare da hadin gwiwa tare da sauran mawakan pop.
Tun 1955, mawaƙin ya ci gaba da zama babban matsayi a cikin zaɓen masoya jazz da masu sukar kiɗa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya ƙirƙiri gidan buga waƙa.
A farkon 1970s, abun da ke cikin tawagar ya canza daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Amma a wannan yanayin ya kasance don amfanin repertoire. Abubuwan da aka tsara sun riƙe ikonsu, amma a lokaci guda, an ji bayanan "sabon" a cikinsu.
Daga tsakiyar 1970s, Count ya bayyana akan mataki ƙasa da ƙasa. Duk saboda cutar da ta ɗauke masa ƙarfi. Daga farkon 1980s, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar daga keken guragu. Shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa da mawaƙin ya kashe a teburinsa - ya rubuta tarihin kansa.
Bayan mutuwar Basie, Frank Foster ya zama shugaba. Daga nan ne aka jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta trombonist Grover Mitchell. Abin baƙin ciki, ƙungiyar ba tare da ƙwararrun Ƙididdiga ba ta fara ɓacewa a kan lokaci. Shugabannin sun kasa bin hanyar Basie.
Mutuwar Count Basie
Mawakin ya rasu a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1984. Adadin ya mutu yana da shekaru 79. Dalilin mutuwa shine ciwon daji na pancreatic.
