Enrico Caruso (Enrico Caruso): Biography na artist

Idan ya zo ga mawakan opera, Enrico Caruso ya cancanci a ambata.

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Shahararren dan wasa na kowane zamani da zamani, mai tsayayyen muryar baritone, ya mallaki wata fasaha ta musamman ta murya ta sauyawa zuwa bayanin wani tsayin tsayi yayin aikin sashin.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne shahararren mawaki dan Italiya Giacomo Puccini, jin muryar Enrico a karon farko, ya kira shi "manzon Allah."

Shekaru 10 kafin mutuwarsa, an san mai yin wasan opera a matsayin "sarkin tenors". Kuma zamanin da singer ya rayu da alfahari da ake kira "Karuzov's".

To, wane ne wannan "abin mamaki" dangane da iko da katako? Me ya sa ake kiransa mai girma a cikin manyan kuma ya sanya shi daidai da almara na wasan opera Ruffo da Chaliapin? Me ya sa har yanzu ayyukan kiɗansa suke da farin jini?

Wahalar yarinta na Enrico Caruso

An haifi mai fasaha mai basira a Italiya a gefen rana Naples a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1873 a wani yanki na masana'antu. Iyaye na nan gaba celebrity rayu sosai talauci.

Yaron yana karami sai aka tura shi makaranta, inda ya samu karatun firamare kawai, ya koyi fasahar zane-zane da koyon rubutun rubutu da kirga.

Mahaifin mawakin (Mai kanikanci a sana'a) yayi mafarkin cewa dansa zai bi sawunsa. Da Caruso yana ɗan shekara 11, aka tura shi karatu tare da wani injiniyan da ya saba. Duk da haka, Enrico ba shi da sha'awar ƙira da gini. Yana son yin waƙa a cikin mawakan coci.

Lokacin da matashin ya kai shekaru 15, mahaifiyarsa ta rasu sakamakon cutar kwalara. Rayuwa ta kara tsananta a fannin kudi. Don tsira, saurayin ya yanke shawarar taimaka wa mahaifinsa.

Bayan ya bar karatunsa, Enrico ya sami aiki a taron bitar, amma bai daina rera waƙa a cikin haikali ba. Ikklewan sun yaba da irin muryar saurayin. An gayyace shi don rera serenades don ƙaunataccensa, yana biyan kuɗi da karimci.

Sakamakon ra'ayin jama'a, Caruso ya fita don yin arias a kan titi. Irin wannan sana'a ya kawo ɗan ƙaramin kuɗi amma kwanciyar hankali ga dangi.

Ganawa mai ban sha'awa tare da Guglielmo Vergine

Ba a san ko nawa ne mutum zai yi a titunan jama'a "concert" ba, yin waƙoƙin jama'a na Neapolitan da ballads, idan wata rana yayin irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon ba a lura da wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na ɗaya daga cikin malaman makarantar vocal, Guglielmo ba. Vergine.

Shi ne ya rinjayi mahaifin yaron (Marcello Caruso) ya tura dansa makarantar kiɗa. Marcello bai yi la'akari da nasara da gaske ba, amma duk da haka ya amince.

Ba da daɗewa ba, Vergine ya gabatar da matashin mai hazaka ga fitaccen mawakin opera Masini. Fitaccen ɗan wasan ya yaba da iyawar ɗalibin, yana mai lura cewa dole ne mutum ya sami damar yin amfani da kyautar ta halitta.

Kishirwar fita daga talauci da sha'awar zama sananne sun yi aikinsu. Caruso ya yi aiki tuƙuru a duk rayuwarsa kuma ya yi aiki tuƙuru a kan kansa, godiya ga wanda ya sami karɓuwa a duniya ba kawai a gida ba, har ma fiye da iyakokinta.

Babban matakai na m aiki na Enrico Caruso

Makon farawa, "mafi kyawun sa'a" wajen cin nasara a matakin shine wasan kwaikwayon na Enzo a cikin opera La Gioconda a 1897 a Palermo. Koyaya, hawan nasara ya ƙare da rashin gazawa.

Yawan girman kai ko rashin son rabuwa da kuɗi don biyan sabis na clackers ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa jama'a ba su gamsu da wasan kwaikwayon ba.

Enrico, wanda ya ji takaici a cikin masu sauraron Neapolitan, ya tafi yawon shakatawa na wasu ƙasashe da biranen Italiya. Makomar farko ta kasance mai nisa kuma ba a san Rasha ba. Wasan kasashen waje ne suka daukaka mawakin.

A cikin 1900 ya koma ƙaramar ƙasarsa. A matsayinsa na shahararren mai wasan opera, ya riga ya yi a kan mataki a almara La Scala.

Ba da daɗewa ba Caruso ya sake yin rangadi. Ya gudanar da kide-kide a London, Berlin, Hamburg da sauran garuruwan Turai.

Amma muryarsa ta sihiri ta yi wa Amurkawa masu son wasan opera mamaki. Bayan rera waƙa a karon farko a Metropolitan Opera (New York) a 1903, mai wasan kwaikwayo ya zama babban soloist na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kusan shekaru 20. Rashin lafiyar mawakin da mutuwar kwatsam ne suka hana shi ci gaba da dimuwa a harkarsa.

Shahararrun arias da waƙoƙin da Enrico Caruso ya yi:

• "Love Potion" - Nemorino.
• "Rigoletto" - Duke.
• "Carmen" - Jose.
• "Aida" - Radames.
• Pagliacci - Canio.
• Ya Sole Mio.

Gaskiya daga rayuwa ta sirri

Caruso ya ji daɗin nasara tare da kishiyar jinsi. Dangantakar mawaƙa ta farko ta kasance tare da opera diva Ada Giachetti na Italiya. Duk da haka, matasa ba su tsara dangantakar ba, bayan sun rayu tsawon shekaru 11 a cikin auren farar hula.

Ada ta haifi ’ya’ya hudu ne, biyu daga cikinsu sun rasu tun suna kanana. Ma'auratan sun rabu a kan yunƙurin matar, wanda ya gudu daga tsohon masoyinsa tare da sabon zaba - direba.

An san cewa Enrico Caruso ya yi aure sau ɗaya a hukumance. Matarsa ​​diya ce ga wani hamshakin attajirin nan Ba’amurke Dorothy Park Benjamin, wanda ke tare da shi har ya mutu.

Shahararren dan wasan ya mutu yana da shekaru 48 daga purulent pleurisy (Agusta 2, 1921). Kimanin mutane dubu 80 ne suka zo yin bankwana da mawakin opera da suka fi so.

An ajiye gawar da aka yi wa ado a cikin gilashin sarcophagus a wata makabarta a Naples. Bayan 'yan shekaru ne aka binne marigayin a wani kabari na dutse.

Bayani mai ban sha'awa daga tarihin mawaƙa

• Don tunawa da marigayi mijinta, Dorothy ya buga littattafai 2 da aka sadaukar don rayuwar miji mai basira da ƙauna.
• Caruso shine mawaƙin opera na farko wanda ya yi rikodin arias a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa akan rikodin gramophone.
• A matsayin daya daga cikin masu fasaha da ake nema, Enrico kuma an san shi da mai tattara kayan tarihi, tsofaffin tsabar kudi da tambari.
• Mawaƙin ya zana caricatures da caricatures da kyau, ya buga kayan kida da yawa, ya haɗa nasa ayyukan ("Serenade", "Sweet Torments").
• Bayan mutuwar shahararren ɗan gidan, an yi wata katuwar kyandir mai daraja fiye da dala 3500 (yawan adadin a wancan zamanin). Ana iya kunna shi kawai sau ɗaya a shekara a gaban fuskar Madonna a cikin cocin Amurka na St. Pompey.

Kyauta ta dabi'a, hanyar asali ta wasan kwaikwayo da ban mamaki na wasan opera, iƙirari da himma sun ba Enrico Caruso damar cimma burinsa kuma ya cancanci sanin duniya.

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A yau, sunan Caruso ya zama sunan gida. Wannan shine yadda suke kiran hazaka na gaske, ma'abota fasaha na musamman. Kwatanta da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman masu haya na kowane zamani shine mafi girman daraja ga mai yin wasan kwaikwayo.