Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (Gioacchino Antonio Rossini): Biography na mawaki

Gioacchino Antonio Rossini mawaki ne na Italiya kuma madugu. An kira shi sarkin waƙar gargajiya. Ya sami karbuwa a lokacin rayuwarsa.

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Rayuwarsa ta cika da farin ciki da lokuta masu ban tausayi. Kowane gogaggen motsin rai ya ƙarfafa maestro don rubuta ayyukan kiɗa. Abubuwan da Rossini ya yi sun zama abin tarihi ga al'ummomi da yawa na al'ada.

Yarantaka da kuruciya

An haifi Maestro a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 1792 a wani yanki na lardin Italiya. Shugaban iyali yana aiki a matsayin mawaƙa, mahaifiyarsa kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai dinki.

Ba shi da wuya a yi tsammani cewa Rossini ya gaji ƙaunar kiɗa daga mahaifinsa. Ya ba shi cikakkiyar ji, da ikon ratsa kiɗa a cikin zuciya. Sauran basirarsa, yaron ya karbi mulki daga hannun mahaifiyarsa.

An bambanta shugaban iyali ba kawai ta wurin dandano mai kyau na kiɗa ba. Bai taba tsoron bayyana ra'ayinsa ba. Fiye da sau daya wani mutum ya bayyana ra'ayinsa na adawa da gwamnati mai ci, wanda sai da ya zauna a bayan gida.

Mahaifiyar Rossini, Anna, ta gano basirarta na rera waƙa shekaru shida bayan haihuwar ɗanta. Matar ta fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙin opera. Shekaru 10, Anna ta ba da kide-kide a cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a Turai, har sai da muryarta ta fara karye.

A cikin 1802 dangin sun ƙaura zuwa gundumar Lugo. Anan, ƙaramin Rossini ya sami iliminsa na asali. Limamin yankin ya gabatar da saurayin ga ayyukan shahararrun mawaƙa. A cikin wannan lokacin, ya fara jin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Mozart da Haydn.

A cikin shekarunsa na samartaka, ya tsara sonata da yawa. Alas, an gabatar da ayyukan ga jama'a ne kawai bayan an sami abokan ciniki waɗanda suka ba da tallafin kuɗi ga Rossini. Tuni a cikin 1806, saurayin ya shiga Liceo Musicale. A wata cibiyar ilimi, ya daukaka fasahar muryarsa, ya koyi kidan kida da dama, ya kuma kware wajen hada abubuwa.

A lokacin karatunsa, ya yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Tenor dinsa na baritone ya burge masu sauraro masu bukata. An gudanar da shagulgulan kide-kide na Rossini a cikin cikakken falo. A daidai wannan lokaci, ya rubuta wani m maki ga wasan kwaikwayo "Demetrius da Polybius". Lura cewa wannan ita ce opera ta farko ta maestro.

Shugaban iyali da mahaifiyar Rossini, a matsayin mutane masu kirki, sun fahimci cewa opera yana bunƙasa a duniya. Cibiyar wannan nau'in a wancan lokacin ita ce Venice. Ba tare da tunani sau biyu ba, dangin sun yanke shawarar tura ɗansu ƙarƙashin kulawar Morandi, wanda ke zaune a Italiya.

Hanyar kirkira da kiɗan maestro Gioacchino Antonio Rossini

"Demetrius da Polybius" shine aikin farko na maestro a lokacin rubuce-rubuce. "Bayanin Ƙaddamarwa don Aure" shine aikin farko, wanda shine farkon mataki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Don samarwa, ya sami adadi mai ban sha'awa don wannan lokacin. Nasarar ta sa Rossini ya rubuta ƙarin ayyuka uku.

Mawaƙin ya haɗa ba kawai don Italiya ba. Gabatar da hangen nesa na Haydn Hudu Seasons ya faru a Bologna. Aikin Rossini ya sami karbuwa sosai, amma akwai matsala tare da "Strange Case". Jama'a sun karɓi aikin cikin sanyi kuma sun sha wahala mara kyau daga masu sukar kiɗa. Lura cewa an shirya wasannin biyu a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Ferrari da Rome.

A cikin 1812, an shirya wasan opera mai suna "Chance Makes Barawo, ko Gauraye Akwatuna". Abin mamaki, an tsara aikin fiye da sau 50. Shahararriyar Rossini ta yi yawa. Kasancewar yana cikin mawakan da suka yi nasara ya sa shi yantar da shi daga aikin soja.

Wannan ya biyo bayan gabatar da wasan opera "Tancred". An isar da shi ba kawai a Italiya ba. Fim ɗinsa ya yi babban nasara a London da New York. Zai ɗauki makonni biyu kawai don maestro ɗin don gabatar da Matar Italiya a Algiers, wanda kuma ya fara da nasara mai gamsarwa.

Wani sabon mataki a cikin rayuwar maestro

Da farkon 1815, wani shafi mai ban sha'awa a cikin tarihin halitta na mawaki ya buɗe. A cikin bazara ya koma yankin Naples. Ya jagoranci gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na sarauta da gidajen opera mafi kyau a kasar.

A lokacin, ana kiran Naples babban birnin opera na Turai. Halin Italiyanci, wanda Rossini ya kawo tare da shi, ba nan da nan ya fada cikin ƙauna tare da jama'a ba. Yawancin ayyukan mawaƙa an karɓi su tare da wani zalunci. Amma duk abin da ya canza bayan rubuta opera "Elizabeth, Sarauniya na Ingila." Yana da ban sha'awa cewa an halicci halitta akan ginshiƙi daga wasu operas na maestro waɗanda suka riga sun shahara ga masu sauraro, wato, mafi kyawun kiɗa. Nasarar Rossini tana da girma.

A sabon wurin, ya rubuta cikin nutsuwa. Bai bukaci yayi sauri ba. Daga wannan, ayyukan wannan lokacin sun zama mafi fasaha - sun kasance cike da kwanciyar hankali da jituwa. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa, don haka zai iya amfani da sabis na mawaƙa. A cikin shekaru 7 da ya yi a Naples, ya shirya wasan kwaikwayo fiye da 15.

Kololuwar Shaharar Gioacchino Antonio Rossini

A Roma, maestro ya tsara ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyukan repertoire. A yau, Barber na Seville ana ɗaukar katin kira na Rossini. Dole ne ya canza taken wasan opera zuwa "Almaviva, ko Rigakafin banza" saboda an riga an ɗauki aikin mai taken "Barber of Seville". Wannan aikin ya kawo sunan Rossini a duniya. A cikin wannan lokacin, ya rubuta wasu ayyuka masu yawa, ba ƙananan ayyuka ba.

Tashin ya yi kasa a gwiwa. A cikin 1819, maestro ya gabatar da aikin Hermione ga jama'a. Jama'a sun karbe aikin cikin sanyin jiki. liyafar sanyi ta nuna wa Rossini cewa jama'a daga Naples sun gaji da ayyukansa. Ya yi amfani da damar kuma ya koma Vienna.

Lokacin da Ministan Harkokin Waje ya sami labarin cewa Rossini da kansa ya zo ƙasar, ya ba wa maestro duk gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa don amfani da su. Gaskiyar ita ce jami’in ya dauki ayyukan mawakin a matsayin nisa da siyasa, don haka bai ga wata barazana da za ta iya yi masa ba.

A daya daga cikin wuraren da ke Vienna ne ya ji ban mamaki "Symphony No. 3", wanda ya kasance na marubucin Beethoven. Rossini yayi mafarkin saduwa da shahararren mawaki. Ya dade bai kuskura ya dauki matakin farko na sadarwa ba. Ba ya magana da harsuna, ban da haka, kurancin Beethoven kuma ya zama cikas ga sadarwa. Amma, lokacin da suka sami damar yin magana, Ludwig ya shawarci Rossini ya ɗauki jagorar kiɗan nishaɗi, yana barin opera a baya.

Ba da da ewa, da farko na opera "Semiramide" ya faru a Venice. Bayan haka, maestro ya koma London. Sannan ya ziyarci Paris. A babban birnin kasar Faransa, ya kirkiro wasu operas guda uku.

Sabbin ayyuka

Ba za a iya yin watsi da wani babban aikin mawaƙin ba. A 1829, da farko na opera "William Tell" ya faru, wanda maestro ya rubuta a kan play by Schiller. Overture na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun sassan ƙungiyar makaɗa a duniya. Har ma ta yi sauti a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen "Mickey Mouse".

A kan yankin Paris, maestro ya rubuta wasu ayyuka da yawa. Shirye-shiryensa sun haɗa da rubuta rakiyar kiɗa don Faust. Amma kawai mahimman ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin wannan lokacin sune: Stabat Mater, da kuma tarin waƙoƙin wuraren shakatawa na Maraice na Musical.

Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da ya fi dacewa a cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa shine "Ƙananan Taro", wanda aka rubuta a 1863. Ayyukan da aka gabatar sun sami shahara ne kawai bayan mutuwar maestro.

Details na sirri rayuwa Gioacchino Antonio Rossini

Maestro ba ya son yada bayanai game da rayuwarsa ta sirri. Amma, duk ɗaya, litattafansa masu yawa tare da mawakan opera ba za su iya ɓoyewa ga jama'a ba. Mace mafi mahimmanci a cikin rayuwar maestro mai haske ita ce Isabella Colbran.

A karo na farko ya ji ban mamaki na waka na mace a 1807 a kan mataki na Bologna. Lokacin da ya koma zuwa yankin Naples, ya rubuta qagaggun kawai ga matarsa. Isabella ita ce babban jigo a kusan dukkanin wasan operas ɗinsa. A cikin Maris 1822, ya ɗauki mace a matsayin matarsa. Ƙungiya ce ta balaga. Rossini ne ya dage kan shawarar halatta dangantakar.

A cikin 1830, Isabella da Rossini sun ga juna na ƙarshe. Maestro ya koma Paris, kuma wani Olympia Pelissier ya zama sabon abin sha'awa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ladabi.

Saboda Rossini, ta canza sana'arta kuma ta zama ƙwaraƙwarar manufa. Ta yi zawarcin maestro ta yi masa biyayya. A shekara ta 1846, ya ba wa yarinyar shawarar aure. Sun yi aure kuma sun zauna a cikin Barque sama da shekaru 20. Af, bai bar magada Rossini a baya ba.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mawaki

1. Lokacin da Rossini ya ga yanayin da gunkinsa yake rayuwa, ya yi mamaki ƙwarai. Beethoven ya kewaye shi da talauci, yayin da Rossini da kansa ya rayu cikin wadata.
2. Bayan shekaru 40, lafiyarsa ta tabarbare sosai. Ya yi fama da damuwa da rashin barci. Yanayinsa ya canza akai-akai. Da daddare, zai iya yin kasala - zai yi kuka idan ranar ba ta da amfani kamar yadda aka tsara.
3. Yakan sanya wa ayyukansa sunaye masu ban mamaki. Menene ƙirƙira na "Abincin Abinci huɗu da Desserts Hudu" da "Ƙaƙwalwa Prelude" daraja.

Shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwar maestro

Bayan mutuwar Uwar Rossini, lafiyarsa ta tabarbare sosai. Ya kamu da cutar gonorrhea, wanda ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. Ya sha wahala daga urethritis, arthritis da damuwa. Bugu da kari, maestro ya sha fama da kiba. An ce shi babban mai cin abinci ne, kuma ba ya iya jurewa abinci mai daɗi.

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Ya mutu ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1868. Dalilin mutuwar shi ne cututtukan da aka lissafa, da kuma wani aikin tiyata wanda bai yi nasara ba, wanda aka yi don cire ciwon daji daga duburar.