Herbert von Karajan baya buƙatar gabatarwa. Jagoran dan kasar Ostiriya ya samu karbuwa sosai fiye da iyakokin kasarsa ta haihuwa. Bayan kansa, ya bar wani arziki m al'adu da kuma ban sha'awa biography.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
An haife shi a farkon Afrilu 1908. Iyayen Herbert ba su da wata alaƙa da kerawa. Shugaban iyali likita ne mai daraja. A cewar mai zane, yana ƙauna kuma yana ɗan jin tsoron mahaifinsa. Amma hakan bai hana shi kulla abota da zumunci da shi ba.
Muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin tarihin Herbert na farko da kakansa ya taka. Af, mutumin ya gane kansa a matsayin dan kasuwa. Ya kasance aristocrat kuma ya sanya wa jikansa tarbiyyar da ta dace.
Herbert ya kasance mai sha'awar kiɗa tun yana ƙarami. Abubuwan sha'awa na ɗan sun sami goyon bayan iyayensa, waɗanda ba su " matsa lamba " a kan saurayin ba, kuma sun goyi bayansa a yanke shawarar samun ilimin kiɗa. Bayan wani lokaci, saurayin ya sami wuri mai kyau a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus.
Hanyar kirkira ta maestro Herbert von Karajan
Hazakar matashin ya yi matukar takaici lokacin da aka ce ya bar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ulm. Lokacin da ya tafi, ya gaya wa abokan aikinsa cewa lokacinsa bai yi ba tukuna, amma tabbas zai shahara.
Ba da da ewa ya sadu da gwani E. Grosse (memba na SS). A wannan lokacin, sabon abokin Herbert ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan zane-zane na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Aachen. Grosse, ya taimaka wa ƙwararren mai zane don gudanar da kide-kide na kade-kade da wasan opera a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Rudolf Vedder ya bi aikin maestro a wannan lokacin.
Sanin mutanen da aka gabatar sun "baƙar fata" tarihin mai zane. A lokacin yaƙi bayan yaƙi, yana da marmarin goge bayanai game da abota da waɗannan mutane har abada. Bayan ɗan lokaci, Herbert ya ƙi bugawa a waɗannan shekarun rayuwarsa. Mai zane ya yi wannan ba a banza ba, saboda godiya ga takardun da suka tsira, yana yiwuwa ya tabbatar da shigarsa sau biyu a cikin matsayi na NSRPG. Shugaban hukumar da kansa ya kira wannan shaida da ba za a iya jayayya ba a matsayin karya.
A ƙarshen 30s, sunansa ya fara tattaunawa sosai da masu sukar da magoya baya. Gaskiyar ita ce ya gudanar da wasan opera na R. Wagner Tristan da Isolde. A wannan lokacin, Hermann Goering ya tsaya a bayansa. Ba za a iya cewa tarihin rayuwarsa, ciki har da na halitta, ya ci gaba cikin nasara. Ba ya son Adolf Hitler.
Masu rubutun tarihin sun bayyana rashin son "Hitler" ga Herbert ta gaskiyar cewa mai mulki ya ƙaunaci aikin Wagner. Da zarar mai zane ya gudanar, amma bisa kuskure mawaƙin ya yi layi mara kyau. Wasan ya samu halartar A. Hitler, wanda ya huce fushinsa akan Herbert. Ƙarshen ya fi son yin aiki ba tare da bayanin kula ba, don haka mai mulki ya yi la'akari da cewa kulawa shine laifin mai gudanarwa.
Halin da ake ciki a Jamus yana kara ta'azzara kowace shekara. Orchestra na Herbert ya samu musamman. Lamarin ya kara dagulewa saboda yadda aka yi wa Herbert tambayoyi da dama kan zargin hada baki da masu adawa da mulkin Fascist. Abin lura ne cewa ba wai kawai maestro aka yi wa tambayoyi ba, har ma da duk waɗanda ya sami damar yin aiki tare da su.
Tashi daga Jamus
A tsakiyar 40s na karnin da ya gabata, an tilasta masa barin Jamus. Tabbas, madugu ba ya son barin ƙasar, saboda ya saba da wurin da kuma masu sauraro. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wannan lokacin ya sami damar samun yawan magoya baya masu ban sha'awa.
Amma duk da haka, yanke shawara ce mai wayo. A lokacin, aikin Herbert ya kasance sananne fiye da iyakokin Jamus. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama darektan fasaha na Society of Friends of Music. Bugu da ƙari, ya sami damar yin aiki a cikin fitattun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo. Herbert ya sami isasshen gogewa don a kira shi ƙwararre a fagensa.
A tsakiyar shekarun 50, ya sami matsayi mai girma sosai. Ya zama shugaban kungiyar kade-kade ta Philharmonic. A wannan lokacin, ya kuma yi aiki tare da Vienna State Opera, rike da matsayin darektan fasaha.
Lokacin da aka yi nasarar manta da abin da Herbert ya yi a baya, ya yi nasarar kulla kusanci da ’yan siyasa da sauran manyan mutane. Ayyukansa ba kawai jami'ai ba ne, har ma da 'yan ƙasa.
An soki Herbert sau da yawa don yin rikodin ayyukan kiɗa kafin 1945. Ba kasafai yake yin abubuwan tsararrun mutanen zamaninsa ba.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri na maestro
Herbert ya kasance koyaushe yana tsakiyar hankalin mata. Ya yi aure a karo na farko a cikin kuruciyarsa, amma wannan haɗin gwiwar bai faranta masa rai ba. Ba da daɗewa ba matasan suka yanke shawarar barin. Na biyu zaɓaɓɓen ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun jagora ita ce kyakkyawa Anita Gütermann.
Matar ta biyu ta kawo matsaloli masu tsanani ga maestro saboda tushen Yahudawa. Har ma an gurfanar da Herbert a gaban kotu. Sun bukace shi da ya yanke duk wata alaka da matar, amma maestro ba wai kawai ya saki matarsa ba, har ma ya kare hakki na sirri. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana yi masa barazana akai-akai, amma Herbert bai je wayo ba. Ya tsaya tsayin daka.
Amma duk da haka, rayuwa ta sirri tare da matar ta biyu ba ta yi aiki ba, kuma ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar rabuwa. Matar ta uku na maestro ita ce Eletta von Karajan. A lokacin bikin aure, madugu yana da shekaru 50, kuma abokinsa yana da shekaru 19. Sun hadu a Saint-Tropez.
Sun hadu ne lokacin da Eletta ke tafiya tare da 'yan mata a cikin jirgin ruwa. Baya ga ’yan matan, akwai baki da dama da aka gayyata. Dama a wurin walimar, yarinyar tana fama da rashin lafiya. Herbert ya yi kamar mutum mai daraja. Ya dauke ta daga jirgin ya gayyace ta zuwa wani gidan abinci mai tsada. Mawallafin ya ƙaunaci yarinya mai ban sha'awa a farkon gani.
Lokaci na gaba sun hadu sai shekara guda. A wannan lokacin, ta yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi ga Christian Dior kansa. Hoton Eletta ya faru ne a Landan. Bayan aiki, wani aboki ya gayyace ta zuwa wani wasan kwaikwayo na Orchestra na Philharmonic.
Nan da nan, Herbert ya tsaya a wurin madugu. Sun yi magana bayan wasan kwaikwayo kuma sun amince da ranar. Tun daga lokacin, ma'auratan ba su rabu ba. Matar ta haifi 'ya'ya mata masu ban sha'awa ga mai zane.
Herbert von Karajan: abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Nazi, wanda bai ƙunshi tarihin rayuwa mafi ban sha'awa ba.
- Mai zane ya taimaka wajen kafa tsarin sauti na dijital don CD.
- Bai taba yin aiki da " dinari ba". Bayyanarsa a kan mataki koyaushe yana haifar da kudade masu ban sha'awa.
Mutuwar mai zane Herbert von Karajan
Ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1989. A lokacin da ya rasu ya haura shekaru 80 a duniya. Duk da cewa yana jin rashin lafiya a zahiri, ya tafi kan mataki har zuwa kwanaki na ƙarshe. Herbert ba zai iya tunanin rayuwarsa ba tare da kiɗa ba, don haka an tilasta masa ya "yi aiki".
Jadawalin aikin da rashin lafiya sun kasance sakamako mai tasiri. Ya mutu sakamakon ciwon zuciya na zuciya.
