Johnny Cash ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun mutane kuma masu tasiri a kidan kasar bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Tare da zurfinsa, muryar baritone mai sauti da kuma wasan guitar na musamman, Johnny Cash yana da salon nasa na musamman.
Kudi ya kasance kamar babu wani mai fasaha a duniya. Ya halicci nau'in nasa, tsaka-tsaki tsakanin yanayin motsin rai na kiɗa, tawaye na dutse da nadi, da gajiyar ƙasa.
Sana’ar Cash ta zo dai-dai da haihuwar dutse da nadi, kuma salon waka da wasansa sun yi kamanceceniya da wakokin dutse. Duk da haka, mawaƙin yana da nauyi a kan abubuwan tarihi a cikin kiɗa - kamar yadda daga baya zai kwatanta da jerin kundin tarihinsa - wannan har abada yana da alaƙa da ƙasarsa.
Johnny Cash kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurarin kiɗan ƙasa na 50s da 60s tare da fiye da 100 da aka buga.
Rayuwa kafin fara aikin kiɗa
Johnny Cash, wanda sunan haihuwarsa J.R. Cash, an haife shi kuma ya girma a Arkansas kuma ya koma Dyes yana ɗan shekara uku.
A lokacin yana dan shekara 12, ya fara rubuta nasa wakokin. Wakokin kasar da ya ji a rediyo ya zaburar da shi. Lokacin da Cash yana makarantar sakandare, ya rera waƙa a gidan rediyon Arkansas KLCN.
Johnny Cash ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1950, ya ƙaura zuwa Detroit don yin aiki a takaice a masana'antar mota. Da barkewar yakin Koriya, ya shiga aikin sojan saman Amurka.
Yayin da yake cikin Sojan Sama, Cash ya sayi gitarsa ta farko kuma ya koya wa kansa wasa. Ya fara rubuta wakoki da gaske, ciki har da "Folsom Prison Blues". Kudi ya bar Rundunar Sojan Sama a 1954, ya auri wata mata Texas mai suna Vivian Leberto, ya koma Memphis inda ya dauki kwas a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo a Makarantar Watsa Labarai ta GI Bill.
A cikin maraice, ya kunna kiɗan ƙasa a cikin rukuni guda uku wanda kuma ya ƙunshi guitarist Luther Perkins da bassist Marshall Grant. Mutanen ukun sun yi wasa kyauta a gidan rediyon gida KWEM kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da gigs da saurare a Sun Records.
Hanyar Johnny Cash zuwa nasara
A ƙarshe saurayin ya sami jita-jita tare da Sun Records a cikin 1955. Ba da daɗewa ba tsabar kuɗi ta fito da "Cry Cry Cry" / "Hey Porter" a matsayin farkonsa na farko don Sun. Phillips, wanda ya kafa wannan lakabin ya sa wa mawakin suna Johnny, wanda ya harzuka saurayin saboda yana tunanin cewa irin wannan suna yana karami.
Ɗayan "Cry Cry Cry" ya zama nasara a lokacin da aka saki shi a 1955, ya shiga cikin sigogi na kasa a lamba 14. Na biyu "Folsom Prison Blues" ya buga saman biyar a cikin kasar a farkon 1956, da kuma bin sa " I Walk the Line ” ya zama lamba ta ɗaya tsawon makonni shida kuma na sanya shi cikin manyan waƙoƙin kiɗan pop 20.
Kudi ya kasance mai yin nasara daidai a cikin 1957, tare da hits da yawa a cikin ƙasar, gami da Top 15 guda ɗaya "Ba da Ƙaunata ga Rose".
Har ila yau, tsabar kuɗi ta yi muhawara a Grand Ole Opry a wannan shekarar, sanye da baƙar fata yayin da sauran ƴan wasan suka sa kaya masu haske, kayan ado na rhinestone. A ƙarshe, ya sami lakabin "Mutumin a Baƙar fata" (Mutumin a Baƙar fata).
Cash ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a kan lakabin Rana don fitar da kundi na "dogon wasa" a cikin Nuwamba 1957. Sannan Johnny Cash tare da Hot and Blue Guitar ya shiga duk kantin sayar da kiɗa.
Nasarar tsabar kuɗi ta ci gaba da hauhawa sosai cikin 1958 lokacin da Cash ta rubuta mafi girman bugunsa, "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" (lamba ɗaya akan ginshiƙi na tsawon makonni goma), da kuma wani bugun guda ɗaya, "Ganin abubuwan da ke faruwa a wannan hanya". Domin mafi yawan 1958, Cash yayi ƙoƙarin yin rikodin kundin bishara, amma Sun Records ya ƙi ya bar shi ya rubuta shi.
Har ila yau, Sun ba ta son ƙara yawan kuɗin sarauta na Cash. Duk waɗannan abubuwan biyu sun kasance masu yanke hukunci a cikin ra'ayin mawaƙin don barin lakabin kuma sanya hannu tare da Columbia Records a 1958.
A ƙarshen shekara, ya saki waƙarsa ta farko don lakabin, "All Over Again", wanda ya zama wani Babban Five biyar. Sun ci gaba da fitar da wakoki da albam na kayan da ba a fitar da Cash cikin shekarun 60s.
Kishiya tsakanin alamar tambarin Johnny Cash
"Kada ku ɗauki bindigoginku zuwa Gari", Johnny Cash na biyu waƙa don Columbia, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ya faru, ya kai saman jadawalin ƙasar. A cikin wannan shekara, Sun Records da Columbia Records sun yi yunƙurin zuwa saman ginshiƙi, suna fitar da mawaƙa daga mawaƙa. A matsayinka na yau da kullun, Columbia ta saki - "Man Johnny na Frankie", "I Got Stripes" da "Five Feet High and Rising" - sun yi kyau fiye da Sun Single, amma "Luther Played the Boogie" ya zama na sama goma.
A wannan shekarar, Cash ya sami damar yin rikodin bishararsa, Waƙar Johnny Cash.
Tennessee Biyu sun zama Tennessee Uku a cikin 1960 tare da ƙari na WS Holland.
Matsaloli a rayuwa - rikici a cikin kerawa
Ko da yake Cash ya ci gaba da samar da hits, ba tare da ɓata lokaci na aikinsa ya fara ɗaukar nauyin kuɗin sa ba. A cikin 1959, mawaƙin ya fara shan amphetamines don taimaka masa ya jimre da jadawalin kusan 300 kide kide a shekara.
A shekara ta 1961, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya karu, wanda ya sa aikinsa ya sha wahala. Wannan ya bayyana sosai a cikin raguwar adadin wakoki da albam. A shekara ta 1963, mawaƙin ya koma New York, ya bar iyalinsa a baya.
June Carter, wacce ita ce matar daya daga cikin abokan shaye-shayen Cash, Carl Smith, za ta tabbatar da cewa ya dawo saman ginshiƙi tare da "Ring of Fire". Ta rubuta shi tare da Merle Kilgore.
"Zoben Wuta" guda ɗaya ya shafe makonni bakwai a saman jadawalin kuma ya kai saman 20 hits. Cash ya ci gaba da nasararsa a cikin 1964 lokacin da "Fahimtar Mutuminku" ya zama lamba ɗaya.
Duk da haka, dawowar Cash bai daɗe ba yayin da ya shiga cikin shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsa sun bayyana ne kawai.
An kama tsabar kudi a El Paso saboda yunkurin yin safarar amphetamine cikin kasar a cikin karar guitarsa a 1965.
A cikin wannan shekarar, Grand Ole Opry ya janye daga wasan kwaikwayo na mawaƙa.
A cikin 1966, matar Cash, Vivian, ta shigar da karar kisan aure. Bayan kisan aure, Cash ya koma Nashville. Da farko ya jagoranci irin wannan salon rayuwa, amma ba da daɗewa ba Johnny ya zama abokai da Yuni Carter, wanda ya sake Carl Smith.
Tare da taimakon Carter, ya sami damar harba abubuwan da ya sha; ya kuma koma kiristanci. Ayyukansa sun fara komawa baya lokacin da "Jackson" da "Rosanna's Going Wild" suka buga saman goma.
A farkon 1968, yayin wani wasan kwaikwayo, Cash ya ba da shawarar auren Carter; ma'auratan sun yi aure a wannan bazara.
Sabbin rikodin Johnny
Hakanan a cikin 1968, Cash ya yi rikodin kuma ya fitar da mafi kyawun kundinsa, Johnny Cash a kurkukun Folsom. A ƙarshen shekara, rikodin ya tafi zinariya.
A shekara mai zuwa, mawaƙin ya fito da wani mabiyi, Johnny Cash a San Quentin, wanda ya nuna waƙarsa na Top 10 kawai, "Yaro mai suna Sue". Ya kai lamba uku akan ginshiƙi.
Johnny Cash ya bayyana akan kundin dutsen ƙasar Bob Dylan na 1969 Nashville Skyline a matsayin mawaƙin baƙo. Dylan ya mayar da tagomashi ga abokin aikinsa ta hanyar fitowa a kashi na farko na The Johnny Cash Show, shirin talabijin na mawaƙin na ABC. Johnny Cash Show ya gudana tsawon shekaru biyu, daga 1969 zuwa 1971.
Kudi ya kai kololuwar sa ta biyu a cikin shahara a cikin 1970. Baya ga wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin, ya yi wa Shugaba Richard Nixon a Fadar White House, ya yi wasa tare da Kirk Douglas a Gunfight, ya yi waka tare da John Williams da Boston Pop Band, kuma an nuna shi a cikin wani shirin gaskiya.
Tallace-tallacen album ɗin sa sun yi kyau daidai, kamar yadda "Sunday Morning Coming Down" da "Nama da Jini" sun kasance lamba ɗaya.
A cikin 1971, Cash har yanzu yana da wasu hits a cikin arsenal ɗinsa, gami da mashahurin abun da ke ciki "Man in Black".
Cash da Carter sun zama masu aiki da jama'a a farkon 70s, suna fafutukar neman 'yancin jama'a na 'yan asalin Amirkawa da fursunoni, kuma galibi suna aiki tare da Billy Graham.
A tsakiyar 70s, kasancewar Cash a kan jadawalin ƙasar ya fara raguwa, amma ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye na lokaci-lokaci kamar "Piece One Piece in Time" na 1976, "Babu Babu Kyakkyawan Sarkar Gang" da "(Ghost) Masu hawa a cikin da Sky."
Man in Black, Johnny Cash's autobiography, an buga shi a cikin 1975.
A cikin 1980, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da za a shigar da shi cikin Zauren Kiɗa na Ƙasa. Koyaya, shekarun 80 sun kasance lokacin ƙalubale don Cash yayin da rikodin rikodin sa ya ci gaba da raguwa kuma ya shiga cikin matsaloli tare da Columbia.
Cash, Carl Perkins da Jerry Lee Lewis sun haɗu don yin Revenant a cikin 1982. Fim ɗin ya ɗan yi nasara.
The Highwaymen - ƙungiyar da ke nuna Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson da Kris Kristofferson - sun fitar da kundi na farko a 1985, wanda kuma ya yi nasara sosai. A shekara mai zuwa, Cash da Columbia Records sun ƙare dangantakar su, kuma mawaƙin ya sanya hannu tare da Mercury Nashville.
Aiki tare da sabon lakabin ya gaza, yayin da kamfani da mawaƙa kowannensu ya yi yaƙi don salon kansa.
Bugu da ƙari, rediyon ƙasa ya fara fifita ƙarin masu fasaha na zamani, kuma nan da nan Cash ya sami kansa daga sigogi. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da zama mashahurin mai wasan kwaikwayo.
The Highwaymen sun yi rikodin kundi na biyu a cikin 1992 kuma ya sami nasara ta kasuwanci fiye da kowane kundin kundin Mercury na Cash. Kusan lokaci guda, kwangilarsa da Mercury ya ƙare.
A 1993, da singer sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da American Records. Kundin sa na farko na lakabin, Rikodin Amurka, wanda ya kafa lakabin Rick Rubin da kansa ya fito da shi kuma ya kasance tarin wakoki na ban mamaki.
Kundin, yayin da ba mafi kyawun siyar da nasara ba, ya yi kyakkyawan aiki yana tada ayyukan Cash da kuma kawo shi cikin hulɗa da ƙarami, masu sauraron dutse.
A cikin 1995, The Highwaymen sun fitar da kundi na uku, The Road Goes on Forever.
A shekara mai zuwa, Cash ya fito da kundi na biyu na Records na Amurka, Unchained, wanda ya sami tallafi daga Tom Petty da The Heartbreakers.
A cikin bazara na shekara ta 2000, Cash ya shirya tarin fayafai uku "Love, Allah, Kisan kai" wanda aka keɓe ga manyan jigogi waɗanda suka mamaye duk lokacin aikinsa. Wani sabon kundi na studio, American III: Solitary Man, ya bayyana daga baya a waccan shekarar.
Ƙarshen aikin Johnny Cash
Matsalolin kiwon lafiya sun addabi Cash a cikin 90s da 2000s, amma ya ci gaba da yin rikodin a cikin ɗakin studio.
A cikin 2003, faifan kiɗan Mark Romanek na murfin kusoshi tara Inch Nails na "Hurt" ya sami babban yabo da kulawar kafofin watsa labarai, wanda ya ƙare a zaɓen ban mamaki don Bidiyo na Shekara a MTV Video Music Awards.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bidiyon ya haifar da sake dubawa mai kyau, ƙaunataccen matar Johnny Cash, Yuni Carter Cash, ta mutu sakamakon rikitarwa daga tiyatar zuciya.
Bayan watanni hudu, a Nashville, Tennessee, Johnny kuma ya mutu sakamakon rikice-rikice daga ciwon sukari.
Yana da shekaru 71 a duniya. Bayan watanni biyar, kundin "Legend of Johnny Cash" ya buga saman goma. A cikin 2006, Hanyar Hanya ta Lost ta sake fitar da wani jerin rikodi na almara na Cash's almara "Amurka", American V: A Hundred Highways, daga ƙarshen zaman mawaƙin tare da mai haɗin gwiwa Rick Rubin.
Sakin ƙarshe na waɗannan zaman ya bayyana a farkon 2010 a ƙarƙashin taken Amurka VI: Ba Babu Kabari kuma an bayar da rahoton fitowar ta ƙarshe daga Rikodin Amurka.
Sony Legacy a cikin 2011 ya ƙaddamar da jerin waƙoƙin da ba kasafai ba, waɗanda ba a sake su ba ko masu wuyar samun tsabar kuɗi daga kundi guda biyu Bootleg, Vol. 1: Fayil na sirri.
A cikin bazara na 2014, Out of Stars ya bayyana - tarin abubuwan da ba a sake su ba da aka rubuta a farkon 80s.
