An san Juan Atkins a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu ƙirƙirar kiɗan fasaha. Daga wannan rukuni na nau'o'in nau'o'in yanzu da aka sani da electronica. Wataƙila shi ne mutum na farko da ya fara amfani da kalmar "techno" a cikin kiɗa.
Sabbin sautinsa na lantarki ya yi tasiri kusan kowane nau'in kiɗan da ya biyo baya. Duk da haka, ban da masu bin kiɗan rawa na lantarki, ƴan masoya kiɗa sun san sunan Juan Atkins.
Duk da kasancewar wani nuni a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Detroit wanda aka keɓe ga wannan mawaƙin, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wakilan kiɗan da ba a sani ba na zamani.
Waƙar Techno ta samo asali ne a Detroit, Michigan, inda aka haifi Atkins a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1962. Magoya bayan duniya sun danganta kiɗan Atkins tare da mafi yawan yanayin yanayin Detroit. Sun ƙunshi gine-ginen da aka yi watsi da su daga shekarun 1920 da tsofaffin motoci.
Atkins da kansa ya ba da ra'ayinsa game da mummunan yanayi na Detroit tare da Dan Cicco: "An buge ni a tsakiyar birnin, a kan Griswold. Na kalli ginin na ga tambarin kamfanin jirgin saman Amurka da ya dushe. Hanyar bayan sun cire alamar. Na koyi wani abu game da Detroit - a kowane birni kuna da bustling, bunƙasa cikin gari."
Koyaya, ainihin farkon tarihin kiɗan fasaha bai faru ba kwata-kwata a Detroit. Rabin sa'a kudu maso yammacin Detroit shine Belleville, Michigan, ƙaramin gari kusa da babbar hanya. Iyayen Juan sun aika Juan da ɗan'uwansa su zauna tare da kakarsu bayan wasan yara na makaranta ya ƙi kuma tashin hankali ya fara tashi a kan tituna.
A matsayin dalibi na tsakiya da sakandare a Belleville, Atkins ya sadu da Derrick May da Kevin Saunderson, dukansu mawaƙa masu tasowa. Mutanen uku sukan ziyarci Detroit don "hangen fita". Daga baya, mutanen sun zama sanannun da Belleville Three, kuma Atkins ya sami nasa lakabi - Obi Juan.
Mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo Electrifying Mojo ya rinjayi Juan Atkins
Mahaifin Atkins shi ne mai shirya kide-kide, kuma a lokacin da yaron ya girma, akwai kayan kida iri-iri a gidan. Ya zama mai son wasan jockey na rediyon Detroit mai suna Electrifying Mojo (Charles Johnson).
Shi mawaƙi ne na kyauta, DJ a rediyon kasuwanci na Amurka, wanda nuninsa ya haɗa nau'o'i da nau'i. Electrifying Mojo ya yi aiki tare da masu fasaha daban-daban a cikin 1970s kamar George Clinton, Majalisa da Funkadelic. A lokacin, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan DJ na Amurka waɗanda suka buga kiɗan rawa na gwaji na lantarki akan rediyo.
"Idan kana son sanin dalilin da ya sa fasaha ta zo Detroit, dole ne ku kalli DJ Electrifying Mojo - yana da sa'o'i biyar na rediyo kowane dare ba tare da wani tsari ba," in ji Atkins ga Voice Village.
A farkon shekarun 1980, Atkins ya zama mawaki wanda ya sami wuri mai dadi tsakanin funk da kiɗan lantarki. Ko da yana matashi, ya buga maɓallan madannai, amma tun farkon farawa yana sha'awar wasan bidiyo na DJ. A gida, ya yi gwaji da na'ura mai haɗawa da na'urar rikodin kaset.
Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Atkins ya halarci Kwalejin Community Washtenaw kusa da Ypsilanti, kusa da Belleville. Ta hanyar abota da ɗan'uwa ɗalibi, tsohon sojan Vietnam Rick Davis, Atkins ya fara nazarin samar da sauti na lantarki.
Sanin kiran da Juan Atkins ya yi
Davis ya mallaki nau'ikan sabbin kayan aiki, gami da ɗaya daga cikin na'urori na farko (na'urar da ke ba mai amfani damar yin rikodin sauti na lantarki) wanda Kamfanin Roland Corporation ya fitar. Ba da daɗewa ba, haɗin gwiwar Atkins tare da Davis ya biya - sun fara rubuta kiɗa tare.
"Ina so in rubuta kiɗan lantarki, na yi tunanin cewa don wannan ya kamata in zama mai shirya shirye-shirye, amma na gane cewa ba shi da wahala kamar yadda ake gani a da," in ji Atkins a wata hira da jaridar Village Voice.
Atkins ya shiga Davis (wanda ya ɗauki pseudonym 3070) kuma tare suka fara rubuta kiɗa. Duo ya yanke shawarar kiran Cybotron. Mutanen da gangan sun ga wannan kalma a cikin jerin kalmomi na gaba kuma sun yanke shawarar cewa wannan shine abin da suke bukata don sunan duet.
A cikin 1981, an sake saki na farko, Alleys of Your Mind, kuma an sayar da kusan kwafi 15 a duk faɗin Detroit bayan Electrifying Mojo ya fara watsa waƙar a shirinta na rediyo.
Sakin na biyu na Cosmic Cars shima ya sayar da kyau. Ba da daɗewa ba lakabin mai zaman kansa West Coast Fantasy ya gano game da duet. Atkins da Davis ba su nemi riba mai yawa a rubuce da sayar da waƙar su ba. Atkins ya ce ba su san komai ba game da lakabin Fantasy na West Coast. Amma wata rana su da kansu ba su aika da kwangila ta mail ba don sanya hannu.
Waƙar "mai suna" gaba ɗaya nau'in
A cikin 1982 Cybotron ya fito da waƙar Clear. Wannan aikin tare da sautin sanyi mai siffa daga baya an kira shi classic na kiɗan lantarki. Bisa ga al'adun gargajiya na nau'in, a zahiri babu kalmomi a cikin waƙar. Wannan "dabaru" ne da yawa daga baya masu fasahar fasaha suka aro. Yi amfani da waƙoƙin waƙar kawai azaman ƙari ko kayan ado don kiɗan.
A shekara mai zuwa, Atkins da Davis sun saki Techno City, kuma masu sauraro da yawa sun fara amfani da taken waƙar don kwatanta nau'in kiɗan da ya kasance.
An ɗauki wannan sabon kalmar daga marubucin nan gaba Alvin Toffler's The Third Wave (1980), inda ake yawan amfani da kalmomin "'yan tawayen fasaha". An san cewa Juan Atkins ya karanta wannan littafi yayin da yake makarantar sakandare a Belleville.
Ba da daɗewa ba aka fara rashin jituwa a cikin duet na Atkins da Davis. Mutanen sun yanke shawarar barin saboda zaɓin kiɗa daban-daban. Davis yana so ya karkata waƙarsa zuwa dutsen. Atkins - a kan fasaha. A sakamakon haka, na farko ya shiga cikin duhu. A lokaci guda kuma, na biyu ya ɗauki matakai don yaɗa sabbin waƙar da shi da kansa ya ƙirƙira.
Haɗuwa da Mayu da Saunderson, Juan Atkins ya ƙirƙira haɗin gwiwar Deep Space Soundworks. Da farko, ƙungiyar ta sanya kanta a matsayin al'ummar DJs wanda Atkins ke jagoranta. Amma ba da daɗewa ba mawaƙa suka kafa kulob a cikin garin Detroit mai suna Cibiyar Kiɗa.
Ƙarni na biyu na DJs na fasaha, ciki har da Carl Craig da Richie Hawtin (wanda aka sani da Plastikman), ya fara yin wasa a kulob din. Waƙar Techno har ma ta sami wuri a gidan rediyon Detroit akan Fast Forward.
Juan Atkins: ƙarin aikin mawaƙa
Ba da daɗewa ba Atkins ya fitar da kundin solo na farko, Deep Space, mai suna Infinity. An fitar da ƴan kundi na gaba akan alamun fasaha daban-daban. Skynet a cikin 1998 akan lakabin Jamusanci Tresor. Hankali da Jiki a cikin 1999 akan alamar Belgian R&S.
Duk da komai, Atkins ya shahara har ma a garinsa na Detroit. Amma Bikin Waƙoƙin Lantarki na Detroit, wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara tare da bakin ruwa na Detroit, ya nuna ainihin tasirin aikin Atkins. Kimanin mutane miliyan 1 ne suka zo sauraron mabiyan mawakin. Sun sanya kowa rawa ba komai sai kayan lantarki.
Juan Atkins da kansa ya yi a bikin a 2001. A cikin wata hira da ya yi a kan mujallar Orange ta Jahsonic, ya yi tunani a kan yanayin da fasaha ke da shi a matsayin kiɗan ɗan Afirka. "Zan iya tunanin cewa idan mun kasance rukuni na yara farar fata, da mun riga mun zama miloniya, amma hakan ba zai iya zama kamar wariyar launin fata kamar yadda ake iya gani da farko ba," in ji shi.
"Baƙar fata ba su da ma'ana. Akalla turawan za su yi min magana. Ba sa yin wani motsi ko tayi. Amma koyaushe suna cewa: "Muna son kiɗan ku kuma muna son yin wani abu tare da ku."
A cikin 2001, Atkins kuma ya fito da Legends, Vol. 1, kundi akan alamar OM. Marubucin Sabis na Sabis na Scripps Howard Richard Paton ya yi sharhi cewa kundin "ba ya gina abubuwan da suka faru a baya, amma har yanzu yana haɗuwa da tsararru masu kyau." Atkins ya ci gaba da yin aiki a bangarorin biyu na Tekun Atlantika, yana motsawa zuwa Los Angeles a farkon 2000s.
An nuna shi sosai a cikin "Techno: Kyautar Detroit ga Duniya", nunin 2003 a Detroit. A cikin 2005, ya yi wasa a Necto Club a Ann Arbor, Michigan, kusa da Belleville.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Juan Atkins da fasaha
- Shahararrun jaruman uku daga Detroit na dogon lokaci ba su iya samun kayan aiki masu tsada don rikodin kiɗa. Duk da cewa duk mutanen sun fito ne daga iyalai masu wadata, daga dukan "arsenal" na kayan aikin rikodi na sauti akwai kaset kawai da mai rikodin tef.
Sai dai bayan wani lokaci sun sami injin ganga, na'urar haɗawa da na'urar wasan bidiyo na DJ mai tashar tashoshi huɗu. Shi ya sa a cikin wakokin nasu za ka ji a kalla sautuka guda hudu an dora su a saman juna.
– Ƙungiya ta Jamus Kraftwerk ita ce ƙwaƙƙwaran akida ga Atkins da abokansa. Ƙungiyar ta fara ƙirƙira kuma ta yanke shawarar yin "juyin mulki". Sanye da rigar mutum-mutumi, sun ɗauki mataki tare da sabbin kidan “fasaha” na wancan lokacin.
– Juan Atkins yana da laƙabin The Originator (majagaba, mafari), kamar yadda shi ake la'akari da uban fasaha.
Kamfanin rikodin Metroplex mallakar Juan Atkins ne.
