Maria Callas daya ce daga cikin fitattun mawakan opera na karni na XNUMX. Magoya bayan sun kira ta "mai wasan kwaikwayo na allahntaka." Tana cikin masu gyara wasan opera kamar Richard Wagner da Arturo Toscanini.
Maria Callas: Yaro da matasa
Ranar haihuwar shahararren mawakin opera shine Disamba 2, 1923. An haife ta a birnin New York.
Mariya ba ta zama ɗan da ake jira ba. Haihuwar 'ya mace ta kasance kafin mutuwar wani yaro. Iyaye masu raunin zuciya sun yi mafarkin ɗa. Mahaifiyar da ta dauki yarinya a ciki, har ta fito da sunan namiji.
Bayan haihuwar Maryamu, mahaifiyar ta ƙi duba wurin ɗiyarta. Matar ta kare kanta kamar yadda zai yiwu daga hulɗa da Mariya - ta dauki yarinyar kawai don ciyar da ita. Bayan wani lokaci ta yi laushi sannan ta karɓi yaron.
Iyaye da sauri suka gane cewa suna da yarinya mai hazaka. Mariya kusan daga shimfiɗar jariri ta fara sha'awar kayan kida da sautin kiɗan gargajiya.
Ta ƙaunaci aria kuma tana iya zama na awanni tana sauraron ayyukan kiɗa. Sa'ad da take da shekaru biyar, Maria ta ƙware wajen buga piano, kuma bayan 'yan shekaru ta fara yin aria. Tana da shekara 10, wasanta na farko ya faru. Mariya ta ba da ra'ayi mafi daɗi ga masu sauraro.
Tun lokacin da aka haife yarinyar, mahaifiyarta tana fuskantar matsin lamba. Ta yi ƙoƙarin zama na farko a cikin komai - Callas ya zama kamar ya tabbatar da cewa ta cancanci ƙaunar iyaye.
Maria Callas: Gasar Kiɗa
Sa’ad da take matashiya, Maria ta shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na radiyo. Bayan wani lokaci, ta fito a gasar kiɗa, wanda aka gudanar a Chicago.
Bukatun da ake buƙata na uwa - cutar da yarinyar. Mariya tana cikin yanayin lodawa. Duk da sha'awar waje da hazaka a bayyane, ta dauki kanta a matsayin "mummunan duckling". Nasarorin da aka samu a gasar sun zaburar da mawakin opera. A kwanakin nasara ta yi murna, saura kuma ta sake neman kulawar uwa da saninta.
Mariya ta yi kamar ta tabbatar wa kanta muhimmancinta. Ciwon yara ya kasance tare da Callas na rayuwa. Kullum za ta nemi aibi a kanta, ta dauki kanta mai kiba da kyama. Lokacin da ta girma, za ta ce: “Ni ne wanda ya fi kowa rashin tsaro a duniya. Ina jin tsoro da tsoron komai."
Sa’ad da take shekara 13, Maria, tare da mahaifiyarta, suka ƙaura zuwa Atina. Inna ta haɗa 'yarta zuwa Royal Conservatory. Daga wannan lokacin fara gaba daya daban-daban na biography na "allahntaka" Maria Callas.
Hanyar kirkira ta mawakin opera
Ta halarci makarantar conservatory cikin jin daɗi kuma ta kammala karatun digiri tana da shekaru 16. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta rabu da mahaifiyarta, kuma ta fara gudanar da rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Mariya ta sami rayuwarta ta hanyar waƙa. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 19, ta yi kashi na farko a cikin opera Tosca. Don wasan kwaikwayon, ta sami kuɗi mai ban sha'awa a wancan lokacin - $ 65.
A tsakiyar 40s na karni na karshe, Maria ya koma New York. Ta ziyarci gidan mahaifinta, ta ji haushin ya kara aure. Uwar maigidan ba ta jin daɗin waƙar 'yar uwarta.
A wannan lokacin, tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a New York, Chicago da San Francisco. A ƙarshen 40s, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar yin aiki a Verona. Wasan kwaikwayo na farko da murya mai ban sha'awa na Mariya sun yi tasiri mai kyau a kan masu sauraro. Ta sami tayin daga manyan daraktocin wasan kwaikwayo.
Italiya gida ce ta biyu ga Maryamu. Jama'ar unguwar sun yi mata qauna, anan ta qara samun qarfin kudi ta hadu da miji mai soyayya. A kai a kai tana samun tayi masu yawa. An yi wa Hotunan mata ado da mujallu da fosta.
A karshen 40s, ta yi a Argentina, a 1950 - a Mexico City. Motsawa da nauyin aiki sun yi mummunan tasiri ga yanayin opera diva. Lafiyar Maryamu ta tabarbare - ta fara girma cikin sauri. Ba da daɗewa ba ya ƙara mata wahala ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki, har ma da yawon shakatawa. Ta ci matsalarta kuma ta kamu da halinta.
Yi aiki a La Scala Opera House
Dawowa Italiya, ta fara halarta a La Scala. Mawakin opera ya samu "Aida". Sannan an gane baiwarta a matsayi mafi girma. Amma, Maria ba ta yarda da kalmomin masu sukar kiɗan masu iko ba. Mace babba kullum sai ta koma ga cewa bata cancanci yabo ba. A cikin shekara ta 51, ta zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar La Scala, amma ko da hakan bai ƙara mata girman kai ba.
Bayan shekara guda, ta yi "Norma" a Royal Opera (London). Bayan wani lokaci, ta aka lura a cikin "Medea" a Italiyanci gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukan sha'awa na wani yanki na kiɗa, wanda har zuwa lokacin ana ɗaukarsa cewa ba shi da kyau, yana dawowa rayuwa kuma ya zama cikakkiyar nasara a tsakanin masoya kiɗan gargajiya.
Ta samu nasara. Mariya ta zama ainihin opera diva. Duk da ikirari na miliyoyin mutane, ta yi fama da baƙin ciki. Mawaƙin opera a zahiri ba ta son kanta. Ta yi ƙoƙarin rasa nauyi, amma ƙuntatawa na abinci ya haifar da abu ɗaya kawai - wani rashin tausayi, yawancin adadin kuzari da rashin tausayi. Ba a jima ba ta cinye saboda gajiyar tashin hankali.
Ta kasa yin yadda ta saba. Daya bayan daya, Maria ta soke wasan kwaikwayo. ‘Yan jaridan da ba su ma san halin da ake ciki a wasan opera diva ba, sun rubuta labarin inda suka zargi mawakin da yin lalata da su. Soke wasan kwaikwayo ya haifar da shari'a. A cikin 60s, opera diva ya bayyana akan mataki sau da yawa. A tsakiyar 60s, ta yi wasan opera na Norma, babban birnin Faransa.
Details na sirri rayuwa Maria Callas
Giovanni Battista Meneghini shi ne mutum na farko da ya yi nasarar lashe zuciyar kyakkyawar kyakkyawa. Mariya ta hadu da wani saurayi a Italiya kala-kala. Mutumin ya ƙaunaci kiɗa na gargajiya, kuma yana son wasan opera wanda Callas ya yi - Giovanni sau biyu.
Meneghini ya goyi bayan opera diva a cikin komai - ya zama goyon bayanta da goyon baya. Giovanni ya zama Mariya ba kawai mata ba, amma har ma masoyi, manajan, aboki mafi kyau. Mutumin ya girmi mawakin da yawa.
A ƙarshen 40s, sun yi aure a cocin Katolika. Mijin ba shi da rai a cikin mace, amma ta yi masa amfani. Jim kadan bayan daurin auren, sai hankalin Maryamu ya fara dusashewa. Ta yi amfani da Meneghini don dalilai na mutum.
A ƙarshen 50s, Callas ya sadu da Aristotle Onassis. Ya kasance mai arziƙin jirgin ruwa kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kasuwa mafi arziki a Girka. Sa’ad da Maria ta gaji sosai, likitoci suka ba wa matar shawarar ta zauna a bakin teku na ɗan lokaci. Ta tafi Girka, inda ta fara soyayya da Onassis a asirce.
Dangantaka mai kishi ta fara tsakanin hamshakin attajirin da opera diva. Ya sace mata zuciya. A daya daga cikin tambayoyin, Maria ta ce yayin ganawar da Onassis, tunaninta ya cika sosai har ta kasa yin numfashi.
Tafiya zuwa Paris Maria Callas
Ba da daɗewa ba Maria ta ƙaura zuwa Paris don zama kusa da sabon masoyinta. Biliyan ya bar matarsa kuma ya shirya ya auri Callas. Amma bikin aure a cocin Katolika bai bar Maryamu ta fasa auren da ya gabata ba. Mijin Maria, Giovanni, shi ma ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don ganin ba a yi kisan aure ba.
A cikin tsakiyar 60s, Callas ya gano cewa tana tsammanin yaro daga sabon masoyi. Ta yi murna da farin ciki. Mariya ta yi gaggawar sanar da Onassis game da ciki, amma ta amsa kalmar "zubar da ciki". Ta kawar da yaron don kada ya rasa mutumin. Daga baya ta ce zata yi nadamar wannan hukuncin har zuwa karshen kwanakinta.
Dangantaka tsakanin masoya ta fara lalacewa. Maria ta yi duk abin da ya ceci dangantakar. Aristotle ya rasa sha'awar mata. A ƙarshen 60s sun rabu. Onassis ya auri Jacqueline Kennedy. Wasan opera diva, bayan rabuwa, bai sami farin cikin mata ba.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Maria Callas
- An yi ta yada jita-jita da zato game da mutuwar opera diva na dogon lokaci. Jita-jita na cewa wata kawarta ce ta kashe ta guba.
- Ta fi son kayan zaki - da wuri da puddings. Dole ne ta rage kiba don samun rawar da ta yi mafarki. A cikin shekara, Maria rasa kilo 30. Sirrin cin nasara yana da sauƙi - cin kayan lambu da abinci mai gina jiki.
- Lokacin da Kallas ya shirya liyafa a gida, ita da kanta ta tattara menu, kuma mai dafa abinci nata ya shirya mata da baƙi.
- A watannin ƙarshe na rayuwarta, Mariya ba ta ci gaba da hulɗa da duniyar waje ba. Poodles masu ban sha'awa sun zama ta'aziyya ga diva.
- Domin kare matsayin, dole ne ba kawai ta rasa nauyi ba, har ma ta sami nauyi. Da zarar nauyinta ya kai iyakar kilo 90.
- Ta bukaci a kona tokar ta. An warwatse bisa Tekun Aegean.
Mutuwar Maria Callas
A cikin watannin ƙarshe na rayuwarta, Mariya ta yi baƙin ciki sosai. Rashin ƙaunataccen mutum, raguwar aikin kiɗa, asarar sha'awa - sun kori sha'awar zama a Kalas. Ta ƙi yin magana da ƙaunatattun kuma ba ta tafi kan mataki ba.
Ta rasu a shekarar 1977. Dalilin mutuwar shi ne ciwon zuciya da dermatomyositis ya haifar.
