Mark Bernes yana daya daga cikin shahararrun mawakan pop na Soviet na tsakiya da na biyu na karni na XNUMX, Artist na RSFSR. An san shi sosai da irin wakokinsa kamar "Dark Night", "At the Nameless Height", da dai sauransu.
A yau, Bernes ana kiransa ba kawai mawaƙa da mawaƙa na waƙoƙi ba, amma har ma ainihin tarihin tarihi. Yana da wuya a yi la'akari da gudunmawarsa ga al'adun zamanin Soviet. Sunansa ya shahara ba kawai ga tsofaffi ba, har ma ga ƴan makaranta waɗanda suka gan shi fiye da sau ɗaya a shafukan littattafai.
Yarinta na mawaki Mark Bernes
An haifi singer a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1911 a birnin Nizhyn (Lardin Chernigov) a cikin dangin Yahudawa. Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a wurin liyafar kayan da ake shiryawa don zubarwa, mahaifiyarsa kuma tana kula da iyali da kuma gidan. Duk da cewa iyayen yaron sun yi nisa da fasaha, ciki har da kiɗa, ya girma a cikin waƙoƙi da waƙoƙin da aka saba yi. Godiya ga wannan, ya fara sha'awar kiɗan pop da wuri. Iyayen mawaƙa na gaba sun lura da sha'awarsa kuma sun gane cewa ɗansa yana da kowane damar zama mawaƙa.
Mark sauke karatu daga makaranta a Kharkov, inda ya rayu daga kimanin shekaru 5 da haihuwa. Bayan ya kammala aji bakwai, ya shiga makarantar wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan shekarun, wasan kwaikwayo ya fara - Bernes ya yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida. Ya fara aiki a matsayin ƙari, wanda bai samu sauƙi ba. Mutumin har yanzu sai da ya lallashi kan ya kai shi aiki.
Bayan wani lokaci, daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ya kamu da rashin lafiya kafin wasan kwaikwayo. Darakta ba shi da wani zabi illa ya sake sakin wani karin a kan dandalin. Ƙoƙarin Mark bai kasance a banza ba - wasansa ya yaba da daraktan. Matashin ya yanke shawarar zama dan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya dauki shahararren sunan sa.
A shekaru 18, saurayin ya bar Kharkov. A kan hanya ya Moscow tare da dukan wasan kwaikwayo bambancin. Mark ya sami cikakken lokaci a cikin shahararrun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu - Bolshoi da Maly. Duk da haka, bai shiga cikin ƙungiyar ba, amma ya zama ƙari. Saurayin bai baci ba. Sanin kansa game da waɗannan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, ya yi farin cikin yin aiki a nan. Bayan 'yan shekaru, Guy ya fara bayar da kananan ayyuka. Mark sannu a hankali shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo rayuwa na Moscow.
Mark Bernes: Mafarin kerawa na kiɗa
Tsakanin 1930s ya nuna farkon cikakken aikin wasan kwaikwayo na Bernes. Tsoffin masu kallo sun san shi ba kawai a matsayin mawaƙa ba, har ma a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mai basira wanda ya nuna kansa sosai a cikin fina-finan "Fighters", "Big Life", da dai sauransu. A tsakiyar shekaru goma, Bernes ya zama sananne kuma ya sami karbuwa. soyayya.
A shekarar 1943, a lokacin da ake fitarwa a Tashkent, an yi fim din "Sojoji Biyu". Mark kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan. Ya sake nuna kansa a nan a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan fim kuma shi ne mafari a harkar waka. Ya kasance a cikin fim din "Sojoji Biyu" cewa almara abun da ke ciki "Dark Night" ya yi sauti a karo na farko, wanda ya buge mai kallo daga farkon bayanin kula. Idan zan iya sanya shi a haka, to, wannan waƙar za a kira ta da gaske. Abun da ke ciki ya zama sananne.
Yunƙurin shahara
Waƙar ta zama ainihin juyi a cikin rayuwa da aikin Bernes. Duk da cewa mutane da yawa sun lura cewa Mark ba za a iya kiransa da ma'abũcin karfi na musamman da karfi murya, da sahihancin abin da mawaƙin raira waƙa ya shiga zurfi cikin ran kowane mutum. Tun daga wannan lokacin, duk fim ɗin da jarumin ya shiga, yana tare da waƙar mai zane, yana sauti a cikin fim ɗin. Fina-finan almara "Fighters" da "Big Life" sun kasance ba togiya. "Ƙaunataccen birni" da "Na yi mafarki game da ku har tsawon shekaru uku" sun fi son mai kallo ba kasa da fina-finai ba.
A wannan lokacin, rediyo yana kunna kiɗan Bernes kowace rana. An gayyaci mai zanen zuwa shagali daban-daban, ciki har da talabijin. Duk da haka, Mark bai daina harkar fim ba, ya ci gaba da yin fim. Amma duk da haka, hankalin mai kallo daga yanzu ya karkata ne ga baiwar wasan kwaikwayo, a'a ga wakokin da ya yi bisa ga rubutun.
Ya samu lakabin mawakin jama'a. Kowace sabuwar waƙa ta zama abin burgewa, kuma hankalin ƙwararrun marubuta da mawaƙa ya mayar da hankali ga mai yin wasan. Ayyukan waƙa da Markus ya yi ya sa marubucin su shahara. Haka lamarin yake ga shirye-shiryen. Saboda haka, tun daga wannan lokacin, mawaƙa da mawaƙa da yawa suna son mai zane ya yi daidai abin da suka shirya.
Wani abin sha'awa, wasu daga cikinsu sun koka a gaskiya game da wahalar da mawakin ke ciki. Ya kan nemi a sake yin wani sashe na wakar - ko dai layin waka ne ko kuma na kayan aiki. Duk wannan ya haifar da fushi da jayayya, amma a ƙarshe Bernes ya sami abin da yake so.
Tsakanin karni na 1960 shine ranar kerawa da shaharar mai wasan kwaikwayo. Ya yi mako-mako a shagunan kide-kide daban-daban, inda ya samu lambar yabo iri-iri. Duk da haka, kusa da shekarun XNUMX, lamarin ya fara canzawa.
Mark Bernes da Bayan Shekaru
A 1956, matarsa, Polina Linetskaya, mutu daga Oncology, wanda shi ne mai nauyi duka. Sannan ya biyo bayan gazawar da ya yi a harkar sa. A 1958, Mark ya yi a wani kide a gaban Nikita Khrushchev. Kowane mai yin wasan kwaikwayo ba zai iya rera fiye da waƙoƙi biyu ba. Idan masu sauraro sun nemi mai wasan ya ƙara rera waƙa, dole ne mahukunta su warware wannan batu. Bayan wasan kwaikwayon Bernes, masu sauraro sun so ƙarin. Bisa la'akari da cewa shugabanci ya bace a wancan lokacin, mawakin ya yanke shawarar bin ka'idojin wasan kwaikwayo. Sai ya sunkuya ya fita. 'Yan tawagar Khrushchev sun dauki wannan ba a matsayin bin ka'idoji ba, amma a matsayin girman kai da rashin girmamawa ga mai kallo.
Bayan wannan rana, jaridu (a cikin su sanannen Pravda) sun fara rubuta game da "stardom" mai zane-zane, wanda ya haifar da shi a fili maras kyau. Saboda suka, mawallafa, mawaƙa da kuma ɗakunan studio sun ƙi yin aiki tare da mawaƙa. Kusan babu tayin da ya rage.
Halin ya inganta ne kawai a cikin 1960, lokacin da aka sake gayyatar mawaƙin zuwa kide kide da wake-wake da kuma ba da sabbin ayyuka. Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin ƙarshe shine "Cranes", wanda aka rubuta a watan Yuli 1969 a daya dauki (kadan fiye da wata daya kafin mutuwar mai zane daga ciwon huhu).
