Mark Fradkin: Mawaƙin Biography

Mark Fradkin mawaki ne kuma mawaki. Mawallafin maestro na cikin babban ɓangaren ayyukan kiɗa na tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Mark aka bayar da lakabi na People's Artist na Tarayyar Soviet.

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Yarantaka da kuruciya

Ranar haihuwar Maestro ita ce Mayu 4, 1914. An haife shi a cikin ƙasa na Vitebsk. Wani lokaci bayan haihuwar yaron, da iyali koma Kursk. Iyaye sun yi aiki a matsayin likitoci.

Mark ya kasance marayu da wuri kuma ya koyi gaskiyar rayuwa. Turawan sun kashe shugaban gidan ne a lokacin da yaron bai kai shekara 6 a duniya ba. Mahaifiyata, wadda ’yar asalin ƙasarsu Bayahudiya ce, Jamusawa sun harbe ta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

Maestro ya tuna cewa karatu a makaranta ya yi masa wuya. Lamarin ya kara ta’azzara saboda yadda ake yawan sauya shi daga wata cibiyar ilimi zuwa wata. Ya yi karatu a kusan dukkan makarantu a Kursk. Duk lokacin da ya zama dole ya sake daidaitawa da sabon yanayi, malamai da abokan karatunsa.

Abubuwan sha'awa na matasa ba su da alaƙa da ƙirƙira. Ya ƙware wajen yin piano, amma kiɗan a lokacin bai ja hankalinsa ba ko kaɗan. Fradkin ya kasance mai sha'awar fasaha. Tarihin yara na maestro na gaba ba shi da kiɗa.

Hanyar m na mawaki Mark Fradkin

Bayan barin makaranta, Mark ya shiga makarantar fasaha ta gida. Bayan ya sami takardar shaidar difloma, ya yi shekaru da yawa a masana'antar tufafi. Wani lokaci daga baya Fradkin shiga Belarushiyanci Drama Theater. A gaskiya, wannan shine farkon sabon shafi a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, ya tafi babban birnin Moscow. Duk da yake har yanzu a Leningrad Fradkin shiga Central Theatre School. A cikin wannan lokaci, a karon farko, ya nuna basirarsa a matsayin mawaki.

Bayan kammala karatu daga koleji, ya tafi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa Spectator a Minsk. Bugu da kari, ya yi karatu a cikin aji na Belarushiyanci Conservatory. Mark ya zo karkashin jagorancin gwani N.I. Aladov.

A ƙarshen 30s, an kira shi da ya biya bashinsa ga Motherland. An sanya Mark zuwa Vinnitsa. Sa'an nan ya harhada wani mai son gungu. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya maye gurbin shugaban kungiyar KVO.

A lokaci guda, ya faru da muhimmancin Markus tare da mawãƙi Yevgeny Dolmatovsky. Ba da daɗewa ba sun gabatar da jama'a tare da haɗin gwiwa. Muna magana ne game da m aikin "Song na Dnieper". An fara waƙar a 1941. Lura cewa wannan aikin ya sa Mark ya shahara a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

Ayyukan kiɗa na gaba "Random Waltz" da "Hanyar Berlin", wanda Leonid Utyosov ya yi, ya zama hits mara mutuwa. A tsakiyar 40s Mark ya zama wani ɓangare na Union of Composers na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya fara haɓaka aikinsa na fasaha a cikin babban birnin kasar Rasha.

A cikin shekarun kerawa, Fradkin ya ƙirƙiri rakiyar kiɗa don fina-finai hamsin. Ayyukan mawaƙin sun haɗa a cikin rera waƙoƙin fitattun mawaƙa na wancan lokacin: Robert Rozhdestvensky, Lev Oshanin, da sauransu.

Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri na maestro

Mark ya kasance koyaushe tsakiyar hankali. Ya kasance wanda ya fi so na mata. Wakilan jima'i masu rauni ba za su iya tsayayya da halin kirki da salon tufafi ba.

Mawaƙin, idan ya kasance marar kunya, zai iya amfani da matsayinsa ba tare da kunya ba. Amma, maestro ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ɗan auren mace ɗaya ne. Duk rayuwarsa ya rayu tare da mace daya kawai - Fradkina Raisa Markovna. An san ta a cikin da'irar kiɗa, kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga nasarar mijinta.

Ma'auratan sun haifi 'yar kowa. Eugenia ('yar maestro) daga baya ta auri wani mawaki dan kasar Austria. Jikan Markus ya bi sawun kakansa. Ya gane kansa a cikin sana'a mai ban sha'awa.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Mark Fradkin

1. A farkon 70s, a cikin shahararren shirin Barka da Safiya! a karon farko, daya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan da Mark ta repertoire - "Zan kai ku tundra" - sauti.
2. Ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Soviet, ya kasance mai arziki sosai. An gudanar da ayyukansa na kaɗe-kaɗe a duk faɗin ƙasar a kan matakan shagali.
3. A karshen 70s, ya zama laureate na Tarayyar Soviet Prize.
4. A tsakiyar 70s ya faru a farko na autobiographical littafin "My Biography".

Mutuwar mawaki Mark Fradkin

An yanke rayuwarsa ba zato ba tsammani. A cikin farkon 90s, wani mutum ya zo majalisar birnin Moscow don magance wasu matsalolin gidaje, lokacin da Mark ya bar ofishin, ba zato ba tsammani ya ji rashin lafiya. Kan kujera ya zauna ya mutu. Zuciyar mawakin ta sauke shi. Ranar mutuwar Fradkin shine Afrilu 4, 1990.

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Jikinsa yana hutawa a makabartar Novodevichy. Kabarin Markus yana kusa da kabarin matarsa. Fradkin ya gina abin tunawa na kowa.