Maurice Ravel ya shiga tarihin kiɗan Faransa a matsayin mawaƙi mai burgewa. A yau, ana jin ƙwaƙƙwaran abubuwan Maurice a cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a duniya. Ya kuma gane kansa a matsayin madugu kuma mawaki.
Wakilan impressionism sun ɓullo da hanyoyi da dabaru waɗanda suka ba su damar yin jituwa cikin jituwa da ainihin duniya a cikin motsi da bambancinta. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin fasaha na uku na karshe na XNUMXth - farkon karni na XNUMXth.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
An haifi maestro mai haske a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1875. An haife shi a ƙaramin garin Ciboure na ƙasar Faransa. Iyayen Ravel ba su da wata alaƙa da kiɗa. Alal misali, shugaban iyali ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya.
Ga wani lokaci mai ban sha'awa: mahaifin, wanda ya fito daga Switzerland, ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da kiɗa ba ko da rana. Bugu da kari, ya buga kayan kida da dama. Tabbas ya ba da basirarsa ga dansa. Inna ta samu tarbiya mai kyau. Ta yi ƙoƙari ta samar da kyawawan dabi'un rayuwa a cikin ɗanta.
Maurice ya ciyar da ƙuruciyarsa a Paris, inda dukan iyalin suka koma bayan haihuwar ɗan fari. Iyaye sun yanke shawarar haɓaka ƙaunar ɗansu ga kerawa, don haka ya yi nazarin mahimman abubuwan ƙira na kiɗan, kuma tun yana matashi ya shiga cikin ɗakin ajiyar gida. Shahararrun mawakan Faure da Berno sun koyar a cibiyar da aka gabatar.
Hanyar zuwa sha'awar samun difloma ya juya ya zama mai wahala. Gaskiyar ita ce, Maurice Ravel ya riga ya sami nasa ra'ayi game da kiɗa da kuma gina abubuwan da aka tsara. Bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba ya bayyana ra'ayinsa ga malamai, wanda aka kore shi sau da yawa, sannan aka sake mayar da shi cikin sahun dalibai.
Hanyar kirkira da kiɗan mawaki Maurice Ravel
Idan ba ku prevaricate ba, kuma ku rufe idanunku ga halin Ravel, to zamu iya aminta da cewa malamai nan da nan suka ga wani abu a cikinsa. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ɗaliban rafinsa, don haka ya zo ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararren Fauré.
Mai ba da shawara ya fara aiki tare da ɗalibin, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, abubuwan ban mamaki na kiɗa sun fito daga ƙarƙashin alkalami. Masoyan kiɗa na wancan lokacin daga cikin abubuwan da aka gabatar musamman suna maraba da "Antique Minuet".
Ravel ya gano ainihin sha'awarsa ta rubuta kiɗa bayan ya yi sa'a ya yi magana da Erika Satie. Ya zama sananne a matsayin "mahaifin" na impressionism, m m, wanda aikinsa ya kasance dakatar na dogon lokaci.
Bayan ya kammala karatunsa a kwalejin, ya yi aiki tukuru. Domin kimanin shekaru 15, ya ƙirƙira sababbin ayyuka, amma, rashin alheri, ba zai iya zama sananne a cikin da'irar da yawa ba. Ya kasa isar da tunaninsa ga jama'a. Kiɗa na maestro ya amsa abubuwan da aka bayar. Amma, mutanen zamaninsa sun juya baya saboda gaskiyar cewa abubuwan da aka tsara an yi su da kayan ado na burgewa.
Hanyar sabuwar hanyar maestro ta fusata wakilan makarantar da ake kira makarantar sakandare. Ravel ya yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa a jere don gwada gwanintarsa a gasar neman lambar yabo ta Rome, amma duk lokacin da nasarar ta tafi ga wani mutum daban. Wani ƙoƙari na barin gasar a matsayin mai nasara ya canza rayuwar ba kawai mawaki ba, amma ya kawo wasu canje-canje ga duniyar kiɗa na Paris.
Shahararriyar Maestro
Lokacin da Ravel ya nemi shiga gasar, an ƙi shi. Masu shirya gasar sun bayar da hujjar cewa ƙuntatawa shekaru baya barin maestro ya shiga gasar. Ya bayyana cewa mawakan da shekarun su bai kai 30 ba ne kadai za su iya shiga gasar. A wannan lokacin, har yanzu bai sami damar yin bikin zagayowar ranar ba. Ya yi la'akari da cewa ƙi ba ta bi ka'idodin da aka kafa ba.
Dangane da wannan batu, wata badakala mai karfi ta kunno kai, wanda a karshe ya bayyana zamba da dama daga bangaren alkalan kotun. An cire saman Kwalejin Arts daga mukaminsa, kuma tsohon malamin Ravel, Gabriel Foret ya dauki wurinsa.
Dangane da abubuwan da suka faru, mawaƙin da kansa ya juya ya zama gwarzo na gaske. Shahararriyarsa ta fara ƙaruwa kowace rana, kuma sha'awar ƙirƙira tana ƙaruwa. Haƙiƙa ce ta taso game da wannan ɗabi'a mai cike da ruɗani. An yi sautin ƙwararrun ayyukan maestro a ko'ina cikin mafi kyawun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na duniya. Sun fara magana game da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi haske wakilan impressionism.
Rage ƙirƙira
Da farkon yakin duniya na farko, ya rage ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. Yaso yaje gaba amma basu daukeshi ba saboda kankantarsa. A ƙarshe, an shigar da shi cikin sabis. Zai rubuta game da wannan lokacin a cikin abubuwan tunawa.
Bayan farkon zaman lafiya, Ravel ya fara rubuta ayyukan kiɗa. Gaskiya, yanzu ya fara aiki a cikin wani nau'i na daban. A kusa da wannan lokacin, ya hada da Kabarin Couperin, kuma da kansa ya sadu da Sergei Diaghilev.
Abokin ya girma ya zama abokantaka mai karfi. Ravel har ma ya rubuta rakiyar kida don shirye-shiryen Diaghilev da yawa - Daphnis da Chloe da Waltz.
Mafi shaharar Maurice Ravel
A wannan lokacin, kololuwar shaharar mawakin tana faduwa. Sunansa ya daɗe ya wuce ƙasarsa ta Faransa, don haka ya tafi yawon buɗe ido a Turai. An tarbe shi da tafi a manyan garuruwa. Shahararrun wakilai na duniyar kiɗa sun zo maestro tare da umarni. Misali, ya rubuta makada na Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures a wani nuni ga shugaba Sergei Koussevitzky.
A lokaci guda, ya shirya wani aiki ga ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Bolero. Lura cewa a yau ana ɗaukar wannan aikin ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Ravel. Tarihin rubuta "Bolero" yana da sauƙi kuma mai ban sha'awa. Shahararren ballerina ya jefa ra'ayin rubuta aikin ga mawaki. Yayin da yake aiki akan maki, maestro ya rubuta wa Koussevitzky cewa ba shi da tsari da ci gaba. Makin ya haɗu daidai gwargwado tare da kari na kiɗan Sipaniya.
Bayan gabatar da Bolero, shahararren maestro ya karu sau goma. Sun rubuta game da shi a cikin jaridun Turai, matasa mawaƙa suna kallonsa, magoya baya masu kulawa suna son ganinsa a ƙasarsu.
Ba za a iya kiran shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwar maestro masu albarka ba. Ya yi aiki kadan. A cikin 1932, yayin da yake yawon shakatawa a Turai, ya kasance cikin mummunan hatsarin mota. Ya sami raunuka da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci da gyarawa. Aikin karshe na mawaki shine aikin "Wakoki Uku", wanda ya rubuta musamman ga Fyodor Chaliapin.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri
Ba ya son yin magana game da rayuwarsa ta sirri. Har zuwa yau, ba a sani ba ko maestro yana da dangantaka da wakilan kishiyar jima'i. Bai bar magada a bayansa ba. Maurice bai auri kowace macen da ya sani ba.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Maurice Ravel
- Maestro da ya fi so shine Mozart. Ya yi murna kuma ya saurari hazikan ayyukan maestro.
- Ayyukan "Bolero" yana da minti 17.
- Saboda rashin bayanai game da mata, masu tarihin rayuwa sun nuna cewa ya nuna sha'awar maza. Sai dai babu tabbacin hakan a hukumance.
- Ba ya son kunna kayan kida da gaske. Ƙirƙirar ƙira ta ƙara masa daɗi.
- Maestro ya shirya wasan kidan piano don hannun hagu.
Mutuwar babban mawaki
A cikin shekara ta 33 na karnin da ya gabata, an gano shi yana da wata cuta mai tsanani. A cewar likitoci, cutar ta tashi ne a bayan wani rauni da aka samu a wani hatsarin mota. Bayan shekaru hudu, an yi masa tiyata a kwakwalwa. Amma, ya zama mai mutuwa. Ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 28.
