Bayan ya tashi a cikin wata rana 1987, a cikin beard, wani faci a makarantar sakandare da gaba da komai, mawaƙin Amurka Nirvana, Lget yana kan hanya.
Har wala yau, duk duniya tana jin daɗin wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙungiyar Amurkawa. An so shi kuma an ƙi shi, amma ba wanda ya damu da aikinsa.
Nirvana fara
Kurt Cobain da Krist Novoselic, karatu a wannan makarantar sakandare, na dogon lokaci m ba su lura da juna da kuma zama abokai, halartar wannan rehearsal kungiyar Thevinas.
Kurt Cobain (vocals da guitar) na dogon lokaci ya bukaci Krist Novoselic (bass guitar) don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar kiɗan kansa, amma ya ƙi yarda.
Bayan shekaru 3, a cikin 1987, Kristi na son yin rikodin na farko abun da ke ciki na Kurt Cobain a karkashin sunan "Fecal Matter", kuma shi da kansa ya nace a kan samar da wata tawagar.
Sun ɗauki Bob McFedden a matsayin mai ganga, amma ya bar aikin bayan wata ɗaya. Sannan suka gayyaci Haruna Burkhard (ganguna), wanda shi ma ya bar aikin bayan wata biyu.
A wannan karon, sun yi nasarar canza dan wasan da sauri, Dale Krover (ganguna) ya zama sabon memba na kungiyar, kuma tare da sa hannu, ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe ta rubuta demos na farko. Amma wannan mawaƙin bai daɗe ba - Dave Foster (ganguna) ya maye gurbinsa nan da nan.
A cikin 'yan watanni na farko, tawagar ba za ta iya yanke shawara a kan suna ba, kuma a karshe, a farkon 1988, mutanen sun ba da sunan "Nirvana".
Kurt Cobain ya yi magana game da hakan. wanda ya saba wa ka'idodin da aka yarda da su don ƙungiyoyin punk-rock a wancan lokacin, suna zaɓar wani abu mara kyau da datti don sunan ƙungiyar, mutanen sun zaɓi suna mai kyau ga ƙungiyar su.
Aikin farko na tawagar Nirvana ya faru a cikin Maris 1988. Ko da watanni shida ba a yi ba, yayin da mai yin ganga Chad Channing (dum) ya sake canjawa a cikin tawagar, a wannan karon har tsawon shekaru 2.
Waƙar hukuma ta farko ta ƙungiyar ita ce abun da ke ciki "Love Buzz / Big Cheese". Tuni a lokacin bazara na 1989, Nirvana, wanda Jack Endino ya samar, ya fitar da kundi na farko, Bleach, a ƙarƙashin lakabin Sub Pop.
Nirvana band
Tabbas, nau'in kiɗan na kundi na farko ya sami rinjayen The Melvins da Black Sabbath. Sakin kundi na farko ya kawo wa ƙungiyar shahara da farin jini a ƙananan gidajen rediyo na kwaleji. Kuma tare da shi, ƙungiyar mawaƙa sun tafi yawon shakatawa a Amurka, suna yin wasan kwaikwayo a birane 26.
Wani fasalin wasan kwaikwayo na Nirvana wani nau'i ne na "al'ada" - mutanen bayan ƙarshen wasan kwaikwayo sun fasa kayan aiki don yin lalata. Krist Novoselic daga baya yarda cewa sun yi haka domin su sauri barin mataki.
Kurt ya rubuta waƙoƙi da kiɗa ga kowane ɗayan waƙoƙin da kansa. Oбычнo, нaигрывaя нa aкустичeскoй гитaрe, oн сoчинял, стрeмясь сoздaть симбиoз тяжёлoгo и лёгкoгo звучaний, нo всeгдa пoдчёркивaл, чтo нe любит, кoгдa eгo считaют eдинствeнным aвтoрoм, пoскoльку другиe учaстники кoллeктивa тaкжe игрaли вeсoмую рoль в принятии oтдeльных рeшeний oтнoситeльнo кaждoй кoмпoзиции.
Ya dauki nauyin yin rikodin kundi na farko Jason Everman, wanda aka rubuta sunansa a kan murfin diski a matsayin mai guitarist, ko da yake bai kasance ba, amma mutanen suna so a kira shi ta hanyar Everman zuwa aikin tawagar.
Kurt bai boye cewa wakokin farko na kungiyar sun tsage da kaifi ba. Amma bayan lokaci, abubuwan da aka tsara sun zama mafi santsi da pop, kuma mawaƙin kansa ya zama mai farin ciki. Ƙungiyar ta girma sosai a cikin abubuwan da suka tsara: sun fara tayar da jigogi na ƙauna da ji, rikice-rikice da yanayi.
Tambarin kungiyar Nirvana
Nirvana: Sabon Horizons
A farkon 90s, da suka fara aiki a kan wani sabon album studio, samarin sake fara karo da mai ganga, da alama ga mutanen Chad Channing ba ya ja, da kyau, Chadi da kansa ya yi fushi da cewa za su saurare shi bai yi ba. shafi tsari.
Ba zai yiwu a sami harshen gama gari ba kuma mawaƙin ya bar ƙungiyar, bayan makonni biyu, sabon ɗan ganga Dale Krover ya ɗauki wurin a bayan ganguna, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci - Dan Peters. Amma a kan wannan, da vacance ga drummer bai rufe, da kuma bayan kamar wata biyu ji da dama chords buga Dave Grohl, Kurt da Krista nan da nan kai shi zuwa ga tawagar.
Sabili da haka an kafa babban abun da ke ciki na ƙarshe na ƙungiyar Nirvana.
A cikin 1990, mawakan sun sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da sabon lakabi kuma sun fara yin rikodin sabon kundi mai suna "Nevermind". Na farko "Ƙamshi Kamar Ruhu Mai Teen" daga wannan kundi nan take ya zama sananne, godiya ga ci gaba da watsa shirye-shirye a tashar kiɗan MTV.
A cikin Janairu 1991, kundi na biyu na ƙungiyar Nevermind ya kai lamba ɗaya akan ginshiƙi na Billboard, ya bar diski na Michael Jackson.
Kurt Cobain: na sirri rayuwa
A cikin Fabrairu 1992, Kurt Cobain da Courtney Love (shugaban mata masu nauyi na indie-rock band Hole) sun shiga wani aure na hukuma kuma sun sanar da cewa suna jiran yaro ta kaka. Jita-jita sun fara yada cewa iyaye masu zuwa suna zama musamman akan tabar heroin.
Kuma musamman jita-jita ta tsananta lokacin da a lokacin rani samarin ba su je yawon shakatawa a kan wani cikakken sikelin yawon shakatawa a Amurka don goyon bayan da na biyu album, ambato palpable gajiya. Mutanen sun buga kide-kide kadan kuma sun yi a Ingila a bikin Karatu.
Kurt Cobain ya sha fama da mummunan ciwon ciki, wanda aka tabbatar lokacin da, bayan wani wasan kwaikwayo a watan Yuni, ya ƙare a wani asibitin Belfast.
Duk da haka, jita-jita game da tabar heroin ya ci gaba da mamaye su, kuma labarin a cikin Vanity Fair ya zama mafi banƙyama, wanda, kamar dai kwatsam, an ce mai ciki Courtney yana amfani da hemp. Iyaye na gaba sun ci gaba da musanta irin waɗannan jita-jita har ma sun yi barazanar azabtar da marubucin labarin a bainar jama'a.
Don cin abinci 18 Agusta 1992, Paira ta Randed da yarinya mai lafiya Francis bin Kobein, sun zo ga gaskiyar hidimar yaron, wanda ya gaji.
Lokacin da jita-jita ta fara yaduwa game da rashin lafiyar Kurt, da kuma cewa tawagar za ta rabu da sauri, mutanen sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da wannan jita-jita kuma a wasan su na gaba sun yi dariya: Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan, mawaƙin ya tashi ya shiga sauran mahalarta taron. Wannan ya kara dumama jama'a. Ƙungiyoyin ƙaunataccen sun sami farin ciki da maraba da magoya baya kuma barkwanci kawai ya kara darajar aikin.
Pat Smear (guitar)
Nirvana: Kiɗa Sake
Don sanya sabon kundi ya zama mai ƙarfin hali, rashin ƙarfi kuma kusan ba a sarrafa shi ba, mutanen sun gayyaci furodusa Steve Albini, wanda a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa an yi rikodin album na uku "In Utero" a cikin makonni biyu kacal. Amma danye ne kuma ba a gama ba. Mutanen ba sa son duk abubuwan da aka tsara, sun rasa wani nau'in cikawa, kundin ya zama mai sluggish kuma ba mai kuzari ba.
Addiction Kurt Cobain
A wannan lokacin, jita-jita da tsegumi sun sake yawo a kusa da Kurt Cobain. A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 1993, Kurt Cobain ya yi amfani da maganin tabar heroin. Bayan wata guda, Courtney ya kira 'yan sanda zuwa wani gida a Seattle don cire Kurt, wanda aka kulle a cikin bandaki kuma ya yi barazanar kashe kansa, daga gare shi.
Kafin fitar da kundi mai suna "In Utero" a lokacin taron karawa juna sani na Sabuwar Waka na Yuli, wanda aka gudanar a dakin shakatawa na Roseland da ke birnin New York, Kurt Cobain ya sake yin amfani da maganin fiye da kima.
A wannan lokacin, rahotanni sun fara bayyana akai-akai a cikin manema labarai, ciki har da wani labarin a Newsweek cewa DCG bai gamsu da kundin da aka saki "In Utero" ba kuma ya zargi ƙungiyar Nirvana da yin kundin da gangan.
Duka ɗakin studio da ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya sun musanta irin wannan jita-jita. Don kammala ƙarshen abubuwan da aka tsara, an yanke shawarar sake sarrafa rikodin tare da mai gabatar da REM Scott Litt.
A cikin kaka na 1993, na uku album na kungiyar Nirvana "In Utero" debuted da kuma dauki matsayi na farko a cikin Billboard200 Charts, da kuma bayan da aka saki rikodin, tawagar tafi a kan wani babban yawon shakatawa na Amurka, gayyata na biyu. guitarist Pater Smir.
A farkon 1994, tawagar tafi yawon shakatawa a Turai. Amma bayan wani shagali da aka yi a birnin Munich a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 1994, Cobain ya kamu da rashin lafiya a cikin wani mummunan yanayi tare da gano cutar sankarau da laryngitis, kuma an dage wasan da aka shirya yi a washegari. Shi ne sigar ga manema labarai.
Duk da haka, a gaskiya, duk abin da ya bambanta: bayan wasan kwaikwayo a Munich, Kurt ya yanke shawarar zama kwanaki biyu a Roma kuma ya huta tare da Courtney. Amma a ranar 4 ga Maris, Courtney ya farka ya gano cewa Kurt ya yi yunkurin kashe kansa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri kan masu kwantar da hankali na Rohypnol da shan shamfu bayan ya rubuta takardar kashe kansa.
Bayan sati guda na asibiti, Cobain ya koma Seattle, amma ruhinsa ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. A ranar 18 ga Maris, 1994, 'yan sanda sun yi magana da Kurt, wanda ya yi barazanar kashe kansa ta hanyar kulle kansa a cikin daki da makami.
Courtney da Nirvana sun shirya maganin gyarawa, inda suka sanya Kurt a Cibiyar Farfadowa ta Fitowa a Los Angeles a ranar 30 ga Maris. Koyaya, a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, Cobain ya tsere daga asibitin kuma ya koma Seattle.
A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, mahaifiyarsa ta shigar da sanarwa ga 'yan sanda a cikin jerin sunayen da ake nema. Kuma tuni a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1994, Kurt Cobain ya gamu da ajalinsa a gidansa da ke Seattle ta hannun wani ma'aikacin lantarki wanda ya zo ya shigar da ƙararrawar ɓarayi. Bisa ga fassarar hukuma, mawakin ya harbe kansa da bindiga.
Nirvana ta rabu
Abin tunawa ga Kurt Cobain a Gidan Tarihi na Aberdeen
Sauran mawakan bayan wani lokaci sun fara shiga ayyukan solo. Bayan da m mutuwar Kurt Cobain, da dama Nirvana albums aka saki, na farko da ya bayyana a watan Nuwamba 1994. Bayan makonni biyu, an fitar da tarin jawabai na bidiyo, wanda mafi yawansu Kurt ya zabi kansa.
Frances Cobain da Courtney Love
Tun Agusta 1997, Krist Novoselic da Dave Grohl suna aiki a kan tarin rare hits da Nirvana da 4 shekaru daga baya ya sanar da cewa tarin ya shirya kuma za a sake shi a cikin fall don cika shekaru goma na biyu Nirvana album "Neverminad. Amma kafin ranar da aka saki, Courtney Love matar Cobain ta shigar da kara a kan mawakan tare da zargin yin amfani da aikin Kurt ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ta haka ne aka hana tattara tarin.
Babban rikici ya barke a kan abun da ke ciki "Ka San Kana Da Dama". Courtney ya bayyana sarai cewa an fitar da wannan abun a cikin tarin hits na kungiyar. An shafe fiye da shekara guda ana gudanar da shari'ar, amma, saboda farin cikin magoya bayanta, bangarorin sun cimma yarjejeniya kuma suka yanke shawarar buga tarin hits, ciki har da waƙar "Ka san Kana da Dama", wanda aka sake masa suna "Nirvana". ".
Bayan shekaru 2, an fito da wani diski na musamman da ba kasafai ba tare da rikodin farkon Kurt Cobain mai suna "With The Lights Out".
Courtney Love, da ciwon abin kunya hali da kuma a lokaci guda da harkokin kasuwanci gudana, a cikin bazara na 2006 yanke shawarar sayar da ta 25% na songs tawagar Nirvana. Larry Mestel ne ya saya.
Shekaru uku bayan haka, an sake fitar da kundi na farko na Nirvana akan CD, da kuma na vinyl, don bikin cika shekaru 3 na fitowar asali, wanda ya haɗa da rikodin wani kide-kide da ba a taɓa fitar da shi a baya ba a Portland, wanda ya gudana a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 9. Kowace shekara yawan magoya bayan ƙungiyar kiɗan Nirvana da ba ta wanzu ba suna girma. Buga na ranar tunawa na Nevermind ya yi babban nasara.
Krist Novoselic yayi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar sababbin ƙungiyoyi, amma ba su sami nasara sosai ba. A shekara ta 2004, Novoselich buga wani biographical littafin, inda, duk da haka, ya raba da tsare-tsaren na nan gaba.
Nirvana Hotuna
Albums na Studio:
1989 - "Bleach"
1991 - "Kada ku damu"
1993 - "A cikin Utero"
Кoнцertnyda kumalbomu ne:
1994 - "An cire MTV a New York"
1996 - "Daga Muddy Banks na Wishkah"
2009 - "Rayuwa a Karatu"
2011 - "Rayuwa a Mafi Girma"
2013 - "Rayuwa da ƙarfi (Nirvana)".
Sat.orniki:
1992 - "Ci gaba"
2002 - "Nirvana (Mafi Girma Hits)"
2004 - "Tare da Fitilar Fitilar" (Tarin manyan rikodi)
2005 - "Sliver: Mafi kyawun Akwatin".
Mini-albomu ne:
1989 - "Babu"
1992 - "Homoaning"
Shirye-shiryen:
"Kamshi kamar Teen Spirit"
Iri
"Mutumin da Ya Sayar da Duniya"
"Kin San Kana Da Gaskiya"
" Akwatin Siffar Zuciya "
"Lithium"
"A cikin Bloom"
"Game da yarinya"
