Maƙiyin Jama'a ya sake rubuta dokokin hip-hop, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin rap masu tasiri da rikice-rikice na ƙarshen 1980s. Ga ɗimbin masu sauraro, su ne rukunin rap mafi tasiri a kowane lokaci.
Ƙungiyar ta dogara da kiɗan su akan titin Run-DMC da kuma waƙar gangsta na Boogie Down Productions. Sun fara aikin rap na hardcore wanda ke da kida da juyin juya hali na siyasa.
Jagoran rapper Chuck D's sanannen muryar baritone ta zama alamar ƙungiyar. A cikin wakokin nasu, kungiyar ta tabo batutuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa daban-daban, musamman wadanda suka shafi wakilan baki.
A cikin ci gaba da tallata wakokinsu, labarun matsalolin baƙar fata a cikin al'umma sun zama alamar masu rapper.
Yayin da kundin wakokin Maƙiyin Jama'a na farko da aka fitar tare da Bomb Squad sun ba su wuri a cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, masu fasaha sun ci gaba da sakin kayan aikin su har zuwa 2013.
Salon kiɗan ƙungiyar
A kida, ƙungiyar ta kasance mai juyin juya hali kamar su Bomb Squad. Lokacin yin rikodin waƙoƙi, sukan yi amfani da samfurori da za a iya gane su, kukan sirens, bugun zuciya.
Waƙar ta kasance mai wuya kuma mai ɗagawa wanda ya ƙara sanya maye ta hanyar muryar Chuck D.
Wani memba na ƙungiyar, Flavour Flav, ya shahara saboda bayyanarsa - tabarau na ban dariya da katon agogon da ke rataye a wuyansa.
Flavor Flav shine sa hannun gani na ƙungiyar, amma bai taɓa ɗaukar hankalin masu sauraro daga kiɗan ba.
A lokacin rikodin su na farko a ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s, ƙungiyar sau da yawa suna karɓar bita mai gauraya daga masu sauraro da masu suka saboda tsattsauran ra'ayi da waƙoƙi. Hakan ya shafi kungiyar musamman a lokacin da albam dinsu mai suna Yana Daukar Al’ummar Miliyoyi don Rike Mu (1988) ya sanya kungiyar ta shahara.
Bayan da aka warware duk wata takaddama a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma kungiyar ta ci gaba da tafiya, sai ta bayyana cewa Makiya Jama'a ne mafi tasiri da tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacinsa.
Kafa kungiyar Makiya Jama'a
Chuck D (ainihin suna Carlton Riedenhur, an haife shi a watan Agusta 1, 1960) ya kafa Maƙiyin Jama'a a 1982 yayin da yake nazarin zane-zane a Jami'ar Adelphi a Long Island.
Ya kasance DJ a gidan rediyon dalibi WBAU inda ya hadu da Hank Shockley da Bill Stefney. Dukkansu uku sun yi soyayya da hip hop da siyasa, wanda hakan ya sa su zama abokai na kut da kut.
Shockley ya tattara wasan kwaikwayo na hip hop, Ridenhur ya kammala waƙar farko ta Maƙiyin Jama'a na 1. A daidai wannan lokacin, ya fara fitowa a shirye-shiryen rediyo a ƙarƙashin sunan Chuckie D.
Def Jam co-kafa da kuma m Rick Rubin ji na Jama'a maƙiyi No. 1 cassette kuma nan da nan kusa Chuck D, da fatan shiga band zuwa kwangila.
Da farko Chuck D ya ƙi yin haka, amma ya haɓaka manufar ƙungiyar hip hop ta zahiri wacce ta ginu akan matsananciyar bugun zuciya da jigogi na juyin juya hali na zamantakewa.
Neman taimakon Shockley (a matsayin furodusa) da Stefni (a matsayin marubucin waƙa), Chuck D ya kafa ƙungiyarsa. Baya ga wadannan mutane uku, tawagar ta kuma hada da DJ Terminator X (Norman Lee Rogers, wanda aka haifa a watan Agusta 25, 1966) da Richard Griffin (Farfesa Griff) - mawaƙin ƙungiyar.
Daga baya kadan, Chuck D ya tambayi tsohon abokinsa William Drayton ya shiga kungiyar a matsayin mawaki na biyu. Drayton ya fito da wani canji na Flavor Flav.
Flavour Flav, a cikin rukunin, ya kasance mai ba da dariya a kotu wanda ya nishadantar da masu sauraro a lokacin wakokin Chuck D.
Shigar farko na rukuni
Kundin halarta na farko na Maƙiyin Jama'a Yo! Def Jam Records ya fito da Bum Rush Show a cikin 1987. Ƙarfafan bugun zuciya da ingantaccen lafazin Chuck D sun sami godiya sosai daga masu sukar hip-hop da masu sauraron talakawa. Duk da haka, rikodin bai kasance sananne ba har ya shiga cikin motsi na yau da kullun.
Koyaya, albam ɗin su na biyu Yana ɗaukar Al'ummar Miliyoyi don Rike Mu Baya bai yiwu a yi watsi da su ba. Karkashin jagorancin Shockley, ƙungiyar samar da Maƙiyin Jama'a (PE), Bomb Squad, sun haɓaka sautin ƙungiyar ta musamman ta hanyar haɗa wasu abubuwan funk a cikin waƙoƙin. Karatun Chuck D ya inganta kuma yanayin matakin Flavour Flav ya zama mafi ban dariya.
Masu sukar Rap da masu sukar dutsen da ake kira Yana ɗaukar al'ummar Miliyoyin don Rike Mu Rikodin juyin juya hali, kuma ba zato ba tsammani hip-hop ya zama yunƙurin samun ƙarin canji na zamantakewa.
Sabani a cikin aikin kungiyar
Yayin da kungiyar Maƙiyin Jama'a ta zama sananne sosai, an soki aikinta. A cikin wata sanarwa da ya yi kaurin suna, Chuck D ya ce rap "bakar CNN ce" (kamfanin talabijin na Amurka), yana ba da labarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a kasar, da kuma a duniya, ta hanyar da kafafen yada labarai ba za su iya fada ba.
Waƙoƙin ƙungiyar a zahiri sun ɗauki sabon ma'ana, kuma masu suka da yawa ba su ji daɗin cewa shugaban musulmi baƙar fata Louis Farrakhan ya amince da waƙar ƙungiyar ta Bring the Noise.
Yaƙi da Ƙarfin, sautin sauti zuwa fim ɗin 1989 mai rikitarwa na Spike Lee Do the Right Thing, kuma ya haifar da hayaniya don "hare-hare" a kan shahararrun Elvis Presley da John Wayne.
Amma an manta da wannan labari saboda wata hira da jaridar Washington Times ta yi da Griffin game da halayen kyamar Yahudawa. Kalamansa na cewa "Yahudawa ne ke da alhakin mafi yawan ta'addancin da ke faruwa a duniya" ya fuskanci kaduwa da fushi daga jama'a.
Masu sukar farar fata, waɗanda a baya sun yaba wa ƙungiyar, sun kasance marasa kyau. Da yake fuskantar matsala mai tsanani a cikin kerawa, Chuck D ya tsaya cik. Da farko, ya kori Griffin, sannan ya dawo da shi, sannan ya yanke shawarar narkar da kungiyar gaba daya.
Griff ya ba da wata hira inda ya yi magana mara kyau game da Chuck D, wanda ya kai ga barinsa na ƙarshe daga ƙungiyar.
Sabon kundin - tsofaffin matsalolin
Maƙiyin Jama'a sun shafe sauran 1989 suna shirya kundi na uku. Ta fitar da kundi maraba da zuwa Terrordome a matsayin ta farko a farkon 1990.
Har wa yau, waƙar da aka buga ta haifar da cece-kuce a kan waƙoƙin sa. Layin "har yanzu sun same ni kamar Yesu" ana kiransa anti-Semitic.
Duk da duk rikice-rikice, a cikin bazara na 1990 Tsoro na Black Planet ya sami sake dubawa. Mawaka da yawa, wato 911 Is a Joke, Brothers Gonna Work It Out and Can, sun yi manyan pop guda 10. Ba za a iya yin Nuttin 'don Ya Man ya kasance babban 40 R&B hit.
Album Apocalypse 91… Maƙiyi Sun Buge Baƙi
Don kundi na gaba, Apocalypse 91... The Enemy Strikes Black (1991), ƙungiyar ta sake yin rikodi Kawo Noise tare da thrash karfe band Anthrax.
Wannan ita ce alamar farko da ke nuna cewa ƙungiyar tana ƙoƙarin haɗa kan fararen masu sauraronta. Kundin ya sami sadu da ingantattun sake dubawa yayin fitowar faɗuwar sa.
An yi muhawara a No. 4 a kan pop charts, amma Jama'a Maƙiyi ya fara rasa riko a 1992 yayin da yawon shakatawa da Flavor Flav kullum shiga cikin matsala na doka.
A cikin kaka na 1992, ƙungiyar ta fitar da kundin remix na Greatest Miss a matsayin yunƙurin ci gaba da yin amfani da kiɗan su, amma an gana da ra'ayoyi mara kyau daga masu suka.
Bayan hutu
Ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da dakatarwa a cikin 1993 yayin da Flavor Flav ke shawo kan jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Dawowa a lokacin rani na 1994 tare da aikin Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age, ƙungiyar ta sake fuskantar babban zargi. An buga sake dubawa mara kyau a cikin Rolling Stone da The Source, wanda ya shafi fahimtar kundi gaba ɗaya.
Kundin Muse Sick ya yi muhawara a lamba 14 amma ya kasa samar da bugu guda daya. Chuck D ya bar Maƙiyin Jama'a yayin da yake yawon shakatawa a 1995 yayin da ya yanke alaƙa da alamar Def Jam. Ya ƙirƙiri lakabin kansa da kamfanin buga littattafai don gwadawa da sake tunanin aikin ƙungiyar.
A cikin 1996, ya saki kundi na farko na farko, The Autobiography of Mistachuck. Chuck D ya bayyana cewa yana shirin yin rikodin sabon kundi tare da ƙungiyar a shekara mai zuwa.
Kafin a fito da rikodin, Chuck D ya tattara Bomb Squad kuma ya fara aiki akan albam da yawa.
A cikin bazara na 1998, Maƙiyin Jama'a ya koma rubuta waƙoƙin sauti. He Got Game bai yi kama da waƙar sauti ba, amma kamar cikakken kundi.
Af, an rubuta aikin duka don Spike Lee iri ɗaya. Bayan fitowar shi a cikin Afrilu 1998, kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita. Waɗannan su ne mafi kyawun sake dubawa tun Apocalypse 91… Maƙiyi ya buge baki.
Alamar Def Jam ta ƙi taimakawa Chuck D ya kawo kiɗa ga mai sauraro ta hanyar Intanet, mai rapper ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kamfanin Atomic Pop na cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kansa. Kafin fitowar kundi na bakwai na ƙungiyar, Akwai Guba Goin' Kunna..., alamar ta sanya fayilolin MP3 na rikodin don aikawa akan layi. Kuma album ya bayyana a cikin shaguna a watan Yuli 1999.
Farkon shekarun 2000 zuwa yanzu
Bayan dakatarwar shekaru uku daga yin rikodi da ƙaura zuwa lakabin In Paint, ƙungiyar ta saki Revolverlution. Haɗin sabbin waƙoƙi ne, remixes da wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye.
Haɗin CD/DVD Yana ɗaukar Ƙasa ya bayyana a cikin 2005. Kunshin multimedia yana ƙunshe da bidiyo na tsawon awa ɗaya na wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar a London a cikin 1987 da CD ɗin da ba kasafai ake yin remixes ba.
Kundin studio New Whirl Odor kuma an sake shi a cikin 2005. Kundin Rebirth of the Nation, tare da dukkan wakokin da mawakin rap na Bay Area Paris ya rubuta, ya kamata a fitar da shi tare da shi, amma bai bayyana ba sai farkon shekara mai zuwa.
Maƙiyin Jama'a daga nan ya shiga wani yanayi mai natsuwa, aƙalla dangane da rikodi, yana fitar da remix na 2011 kawai da rarities compilation Beats and Places.
Ƙungiyar ta dawo a cikin 2012 tare da babbar nasara, tana fitar da sabbin kundi guda biyu masu tsayi: Yawancin Jarumai na Har yanzu Ba sa Bayyana A Kan Babu Tambari da Mugun Daular Komai.
Maƙiyin Jama'a kuma sun zagaya sosai a cikin 2012 da 2013. An sake fitar da albam dinsu na biyu da na uku a shekara mai zuwa.
A lokacin rani na 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da album ɗin su na 13th, Man Plan God Laughs. A cikin 2017, Maƙiyin Jama'a sun yi bikin cika shekaru 30 na album ɗin su na farko Babu Abin da Ya Sauƙi a cikin Hamada.
