Stevie Wonder sunan shahararren mawakin Amurka ne, wanda ainihin sunansa shine Stevland Hardaway Morris.
Shahararren mawakin ya makance kusan tun daga haihuwa, amma hakan bai hana shi zama daya daga cikin fitattun mawakan karni na XNUMX ba.
Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Grammy sau 25 kuma yana da babban tasiri a ci gaban waka a karnin da ya gabata.
Haihuwar da farkon yarinta na Stevie Wonder
An ƙaddara makomar mawaƙin Ba-Amurke ta hanyar kuskuren likita. An haifi Stevie Wonder a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 1950. An haife shi da wuri, don haka aka sanya shi a cikin wani injin incubator na musamman don jariran da ba su kai ba.
Mai wasan kwaikwayo na gaba yana da ciwon huhu, wanda ya saba da yawancin jariran da aka haifa kafin makonni 40. Wannan wani rauni ne na membrane na ido, wanda galibi yakan haifar da cututtukan jijiyoyin jini.
A cikin karni na karshe, likitoci sun san kadan game da wannan, don haka sun yi kuskure. An ba da incubator na Stevie adadi mai yawa na iskar oxygen, wanda ke da mummunan tasiri akan tasoshin idanu masu rauni. Yaron gaba daya makaho ne.
Yaron ya shafe yawancin kuruciyarsa a gida. Mahaifiyarsa ba ta bar shi ya fita shi kadai ba, don ta damu da rashin makanta. Rashin hangen nesa ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa sauran hankalin yaron ya tsananta.
Mawaƙi na gaba ya fara raira waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa na coci, kuma ya yi nazarin kayan kida tare da taimakon mahaifiyarsa. Da sauri ya ƙware harmonica, ganguna da piano.
A cewar Stevie Wonder, abubuwan da ya samu lokacin da yake buga kida daban-daban ne suka taka masa muhimmiyar rawa.
Kwangilar farko da bayanan
An lura da basirar yaron da wuri. Tuni a lokacin da yake da shekaru 9, ya sami nasarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya ƙayyade aikinsa na gaba. Ya shirya taro tare da Shugaba na shahararren kamfanin rikodin rikodin Motown Records.
Sa'an nan da m ya jagoranci Berry Gordy, wanda ya sha'awar iyawa na yaron. Tuni yana da shekaru 10, Stevie Wonder ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko.
Yana da shekaru 11, an fitar da kundin sa na farko. A wannan lokacin, tauraro na gaba yana da pseudonym "kananan Stevie Wonder". A cikin shekara ta gaba, an sake fitar da wani kundi na studio, inda ya yi kidan solo na kayan aiki akan harmonica.
Hazakar yaron a bayyane take, amma bayanan ba su yi nasara sosai ba. Hanyar mawaƙin solo zuwa shahara ta fara ɗan lokaci kaɗan.
Sana'ar kiɗa da shahara
A hakikanin "nasara" ga mai zane shi ne buga Fingertips (Sashe na 2), wanda ya rubuta yana da shekaru 13. Stevie da kansa ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙi, kuma ya yi waƙa akan harmonica da bongos. Abun da ke ciki ya kasance a cikin ginshiƙi na Amurka na dogon lokaci kuma ya kawo farin jini na farko ga mawaƙin rai.
A lokacin yana da shekaru 14, jarumin ya taka rawar farko a fim din, inda shi ma sai da ya yi waka. Tuni a cikin 60s, ya sami ainihin shahara.
Daya bayan daya, sabbin hits na Stevie Wonder suna fitowa. Ba da daɗewa ba, a lokaci guda ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙi a ɗakin rikodin rikodi wanda ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da shi.
Ƙoƙari na farko na ƙirƙirar kundi na R&B na gaske shine Inda nake zuwa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya zama alkalami na gwaji don Stevie Wonder, tun lokacin da ya sake shi a jajibirin mafi rinjaye (kafin ya cika shekaru 21).
Mawallafin ya zama ainihin, kuma ba kawai na ƙididdiga ba, mai shirya wannan kundin.
A baya can, yana da ƙungiyar masu shiryawa suna taimaka masa, don haka sauran bayanan ba su ƙunshi ainihin "sautin abin mamaki na Stevie ba". A Inda Na fito, ba a sake tsara abubuwan da aka tsara don farar fata masu sauraro ba, kamar yadda aka yi a albam na baya. Anan suna amfani da kayan aiki na yau da kullun (oboe, sarewa, da sauransu).
Wani bambanci daga sauran robobi shine cewa duk waƙoƙin Stevie Wonder ne kawai ya rubuta. A karon farko, ya tsara waƙar gabaɗaya don abubuwan da aka fitar, don haka yana jin kamar waƙar "wander".
Gudanar da ɗakin rikodin rikodi ya gane cewa ya zama dole don haɓaka ba kawai basirar mawaƙa a matsayin mawaƙa ba. Bayan haka, da gaske ya bayyana kansa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon nasa.
Nan da nan bayan zuwan shekaru da fitowar sabon kundi, mai zane ya karya kwangilar tare da Motown. A wannan shekarun, ya sami dala miliyan 1 na farko. Kuma masu kula da ɗakin studio sun gane cewa suna rasa tauraro na gaske.
Tattaunawa don sabon kwangilar ya daɗe. A cikin daftarin aiki da Stevie ya sanya hannu, ya riga ya kasance cikakken abokin tarayya, yana da cikakken sarrafa tsarin samar da nasa abubuwan.
Kololuwar aikin mawakin shine shekarun 70s, inda ya fitar da bayanan ra'ayi da yawa. Bayan samun 'yancin yin aiki, mai wasan kwaikwayon ya sami damar yin rikodin mafi kyawun kundi da waƙoƙin waƙa waɗanda suka kawo masa farin jini a duniya.
Rayuwar sirri na Stevie Wonder
A karon farko da mawakin ya yi aure kafin ya kai shekaru. A lokacin yana da shekaru 20, ya auri Cyrite Wright, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a ɗakin karatu. Ƙungiyar ta rabu da sauri, ko da yake ma'auratan sun ci gaba da dangantakar abokantaka.
Zaɓaɓɓen ɗayan mai wasan kwaikwayo na gaba shine Yolanda Simmons, wanda ta haifa masa 'ya'ya biyu. Amma ba su yi aure ba. Daga baya, Stevie ya auri Karen Millard karo na biyu. Wannan aure kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya biyu.
Ba da daɗewa ba mawaƙin ya sadu da samfurin Tomika Robin Bracey, sannan ya sake matarsa. A cikin aure na uku na hukuma, an haifi 'ya'ya biyu. An haifi 'yar ƙarami a shekara ta 2014 (mai wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin ya riga ya wuce shekaru 60). Har yanzu ma'auratan suna cikin dangantaka.
Stevie Wonder labari ne a duniyar kiɗa. Ya ci gaba da yin da kuma rikodin abubuwan ƙirƙira har yau. Bambancinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa ya ƙware da hadadden fasahar murya.
Kewayon muryarsa tana tsakanin octaves huɗu. Bugu da kari, da singer ne daidai iya amfani da daban-daban kayan kida (synthesizers, harmonica, drum kits, da dai sauransu).
Complex chords suna haɗe a cikin abubuwan da ya tsara, kuma canje-canje a cikin salon ba zai yiwu a yi hasashen ba. Saboda haka, yana da wuya a rera waƙoƙin Stevie Wonder, kuma shi kaɗai ne zai iya yin ta da kyau.
Mawakin ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun mawaka a zamaninmu. Tare da Ray Charles, yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan makafi a duniya. A lokacin aikinsa ya fitar da albam sama da 30.
