Billie Holiday (Billie Holiday): Biography na singer

Billie Holiday shahararriyar mawakiya ce ta jazz da blues. Kyakkyawar hazaka ta bayyana a kan mataki tare da gashin fari na furanni.

Wannan bayyanar ta zama siffa ta sirri na mawaƙin. Tun daga sakan farko na wasan kwaikwayon, ta burge masu sauraro da sihirin muryarta.

Yara da matasa na Eleanor Fagan

An haifi Billie Holiday ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1915 a Baltimore. Sunan ainihin mashahurin shine Eleanor Fagan. Yarinyar ta girma ba ta da uba. Gaskiyar ita ce iyayenta sun hadu tun suna ƙanana.

Kusan bayan haihuwar 'yarsu, ma'auratan sun rabu. Iyayen yarinyar sune Sadie Fagan da Clarence Holiday.

Sadie mai shekaru 13 ta yi aiki a gidan masu kudi a matsayin kuyanga. Da suka gano yarinyar tana da ciki, sai suka fitar da ita kofar. Don ta haihu cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, Sadie ta sami aiki a asibiti, inda ta wanke benaye da tsaftacewa.

Bayan haihuwar Eleanor, Sadie ya yanke shawarar barin Baltimore kuma ya koma New York. Dalilin tafiyar kuwa shine matsi da iyayen Sadie suka yi, sun koya mata, sun dauke ta a matsayin mai hasara, kuma sun yi mata nuni da irin kuncin rayuwar uwa daya.

Clarence Holiday, bayan haihuwar Eleanor, bai ma deign duba da sabuwar haihuwa 'yar. Bugu da ƙari, ya ba ta sunansa na ƙarshe.

Eleanor bai san ɗumi na uwa ba. Sadie, wacce ita kanta tana karama, ta bar ta a hannun ‘yan uwa wadanda suka yi wa karamar yarinya mummunan hali. Kuma kakarta kawai ba ta da rai a cikinta.

Yarinyar tana son kakarta. Gado daya suka kwana saboda mugun yanayi. Wannan bai damu Eleanor sosai ba, domin a hannun kakarta ta kasance cikin nutsuwa.

Wata rana kakata ta rasu. Ga ƙaramin Nora, wannan babbar girgiza ce. Ta sauka a asibitin mahaukata.

Yarinyar tauraron nan gaba ba za a iya kira mai farin ciki ba - sau da yawa ana azabtar da ita ba tare da dalili ba, ba a fahimci ta a gida ba, wanda ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Eleanor ya fara gudu daga gida. A titi ta taso.

Don tsallake makaranta da zaman banza, yarinyar ta ƙare a cikin wani yanki na azabtarwa. Alkalan sun yanke hukunci. Yarinyar za a sake ta tana da shekara 21.

A can, ba a yi wa yarinyar dukan tsiya ba, amma ta yi ta tuna cewa ta lalace.

Rashin lafiyar ɗan adam na mawaƙa Billie Holiday

Da zarar, a cikin ma'aikatar gyara, an kulle Eleanor na dare a cikin ɗaki ɗaya tare da matattu. Washegari, mahaifiyar Nora ta zo ziyara. Yarinyar ta ce ba za ta iya jure wa irin wannan dare ba, kuma ta yi barazanar cewa za ta kashe kanta.

Inna ta dauki hayar lauya wanda ya taimaka wajen fitar da Eleanor daga hukuncin kisa. A matsayin alamar godiya, ta taimaka wa mahaifiyarta ta sami kudi. Yarinyar ta wanke benaye da matattakalar kuɗi kaɗan.

Daga cikin ma'aikatanta akwai mai gidan manya a gida. A wannan wuri ne Nora ta fara jin kiɗa mai daɗi kuma ta ƙaunace ta. Sihiri sautin wakokin blues da suka yi Louis Armstrong da Bessie Smith.

Abin sha'awa, wannan waƙar ta burge yarinyar sosai har ta nemi mai shi da ya kunna waƙar sau da yawa. A sakamakon haka, Nora ta yarda ta goge benayen kyauta.

A daidai wannan lokacin, Eleanor ya koyi yin shuru a cikin fim ɗin, inda aka nuna fina-finai tare da sa hannun Billy Dove. Jarumar ta sha'awar ƙaramin Nora har ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar sunan baƙar fata Billy.

Rayuwar shiru ta Eleanor ba ta daɗe ba. Wani mutum dan shekara 40 ne ya kai mata hari wanda ya yi yunkurin yi wa yarinyar fyade. ‘Yan sandan sun mayar da martani cikin lokaci.

An tura wanda ya yi fyaden gidan yari na tsawon shekaru 5. Nora kuma ba a bar shi ba tare da hukunci ba - ta sake zama cikin mulkin mallaka na tsawon shekaru 2. Alkalin ya yi la'akari da cewa yarinyar ce ta tunzura wanda ya yi fyaden ya kai hari.

Billie Holiday ta koma New York

Bayan Nora ta bar bangon mulkin mallaka, ta yanke shawara mai wahala amma daidai. Yarinyar ta koma New York.

Mahaifiyar Eleanor ta yi aiki a matsayin yar yarinya a cikin birni. Yarinyar ta yi hayar wani gida na daban.

Babu abin da za a yi rayuwa a kai. Nora ta kasa samun aiki. Ta roki mai gida taimako. Koyaya, a cikin shawarwarin, akwai kawai wuri a ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin masana'antar sabis.

Eleanor ba shi da zaɓi da yawa. Bayan 'yan watanni, an sake kama Nora. Yarinyar ta tafi gidan yari na tsawon wata hudu.

Bayan watanni huɗu, an saki Eleanor daga kurkuku kuma ta sami mahaifiyarta tana rashin lafiya sosai. Duk kudaden da aka tara sun tafi wurin magani. Nora ba shi da kuɗi ba kawai na haya ba, har ma da ɗan burodi.

Yarinyar tana neman aiki sosai. Watarana ta je daya daga cikin mashaya na unguwar, ta tambayi mai kamfanin ko yana da aiki a gare ta.

Yace yana bukatar dan rawa. Nora ta yi ƙarya cewa ta daɗe tana rawa. Sa’ad da darektan ya ce ya nuna lambar rawa, nan da nan ya gane cewa ƙarya ne Nora.

Sai ya tambayi yarinyar ko zata iya waka? Eleanor ya rera waƙa don haka nan da nan maigidan ya ɗauke ta zuwa aiki, kuma ya ba da wasu daloli a matsayin kuɗi kaɗan. A gaskiya, labarin sanannen Billie Holiday ya fara da wannan.

Nora ta kasance 14 kawai lokacin da aka dauke ta aiki. Shekaru ba su dame ko dai mai gidan ba ko kuma masu sauraron godiya. Wasan kwaikwayo na farko na matashin gwanin ya faru a wuraren shakatawa na dare, mashaya, cafes da gidajen cin abinci.

Billie Holiday ta hadu da furodusa John Hammond

A cikin 1933, Billie Hodiley ya sadu da John Hammond, wani matashi mai son furodusa. Saurayin ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayon yarinyar har ya rubuta rubutu game da ita a cikin wata mujalla na ƙasar.

Ba da da ewa masoya music gano game da talented singer, wanda ya haifar da wani gaske sha'awar a tashi star Billie Holiday.

John ya ba mawakin hadin kai, kuma ta yarda. Ba da da ewa ya kawo ta tare da "Sarkin lilo" - Benny Goodmanov. Tuni a cikin 1933, masu zane-zane sun fitar da waƙoƙi da yawa.

Daya daga cikin wakokin nan take ya shahara. A cikin lokaci guda, Billie Holiday ya rubuta abubuwan ƙira masu ban sha'awa tare da sauran mawaƙa masu tasowa.

A cikin 1935, John ya ci gaba da "inganta" gundumar. Ya shirya mawaƙin don yin rikodin a cikin ɗakin studio tare da Teddy Wilson da Lester Young.

Ba da da ewa, godiya ga wadannan records, wanda aka asali shirya don sayarwa a cikin jukeboxes, da singer samu ta farko "sashi" na shahararsa.

Darajar Billy ta haura sosai. Me za a ce! Duke Ellington da kansa ya ja hankali ga tauraro mai tasowa, yana gayyatar ta don tauraro a cikin gajeren fim ɗin Symphony in Black.

Billie Holiday Tour na Farko

Billie Holiday ta tafi yawon shakatawa na farko. Da farko, mawaƙin ya yi tafiya tare da makada na D. Lunsford da F. Henderson, sa'an nan kuma tare da babban ƙungiyar Count Basie da kansa, ba da gangan ba ya zama mai fafatawa ga abokinta na gaba Ella Fitzgerald.

Billy ta ɗan yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Basie. An fara rashin jituwa daga wasan kwaikwayo na farko. Dalilin yana da sauƙi - Holiday yana da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayon gabaɗaya. Ba da da ewa da singer ya zama soloist na makada, wanda aka bayar da umarni Arte Shaw.

Billie Holiday da farko an bi da su da matuƙar girma da girmamawa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa. Daga baya, mawakin ya fuskanci ba'a da wulakanci na farko.

Rikici ya fara faruwa a kan bambancin launin fata. Da zarar tawagar ta yi wasa a kasar Amurka. Artie Shaw ya dakatar da Billy daga matakin. Lokacin da abokan aikinta suka yi wasan, dole ne ta ɓoye a cikin motar bas.

Ba da daɗewa ba mawaƙin ya sami damar saduwa da Barney Josephson. Barney ya ci gaba da yin wani abu mai haɗari a zahiri - yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya buɗe cafe wanda kowane mai sauraro ya taru.

Billie Holiday ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan matakin cibiyar. Ta yi ƙoƙarin yada waƙarta, kuma ta yi nasara.

Abin sha'awa, ba kawai masu son kiɗa na yau da kullun ba, amma har ma masu fasaha, shahararrun mawaƙa da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun taru a cikin wannan cibiyar. Ba da da ewa Billie Holiday ya zama sananne a cikin kyawawan da'irori na al'umma.

Mawakiyar ta ci gaba da yin aikin ta. Shahararriyar abubuwan da aka yi a wancan lokacin ita ce wakar "Ya'yan itatuwa masu ban mamaki". A yau, mutane da yawa suna kiran wannan waƙa da alamar Billie Holiday.

Kololuwar Aikin Kiɗa na Billie Holiday

Kololuwar shaharar Billie Holiday ta zo a cikin 1940s. Waƙoƙin da mawakin ya yi sun yi ta ƙara a cikin cafes, gidajen cin abinci, mashaya, a gidajen rediyo da na'urorin kiɗa.

Mai wasan kwaikwayon ya haɗu da irin waɗannan fitattun wuraren rikodi kamar Columbia, Brunswick, Decca.

Na farko solo concert na singer ya faru a 1944 a kan ƙasa na Metropolitan Opera, da kuma a 1947 - a cikin concert zauren "Town Hall", a 1948 Billie Holiday aka girmama su yi a kan mataki na babbar concert zauren "Carnegie". Hall".

Duk da shahara da mutunta miliyoyin magoya baya, Billie Holiday bai ji daɗi ba. Sau tari ta kasa yin aure. Wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na sirri sun ƙarfafa ta ta yi amfani da barasa da kwayoyi marasa izini.

Billie Holiday: Mama ta rasa...

Ba da da ewa mutum mafi kusa da Billie Holiday ya mutu - mahaifiyarta. Mawakin ya baci matuka da rashin. Ta kasa yarda cewa mahaifiyarta ba za ta ƙara kasancewa tare da ita ba.

Bakin ciki ya gurgunta tunanin mawakin. Ta warkar da jijiyoyi ta hanyar shan maganin dope mai ƙarfi. Billy ta fara amfani da kwayoyi. Kuma ko ta yaya ta yi ƙoƙari ta "tsalle", bai yi mata aiki ba.

Nan da nan Billy ya juya zuwa wani asibiti mai zaman kansa don neman taimako. Yayin da yake kwance a asibiti, an sake samun wata matsala – Holiday ya zo a karkashin bindigar ‘yan sanda, wadanda suka dade suna kallon mawakin.

A yayin bincike, an gano haramtattun kwayoyi a Billy's. Ta kasance a gidan yari na tsawon watanni.

Bayan sakinta, wani abin mamaki ya sake jiran ta - daga yanzu ba ta da ikon yin wasa a wuraren da ake sayar da barasa. A karkashin haramcin akwai duk cibiyoyin da ta samu kudaden shiga akai-akai.

Halitta Billie Holiday

Billie Holiday ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga haɓaka muryar jazz. Mawaƙin ya sami nasarar ƙirƙirar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mawaƙa.

Yayin wasan kwaikwayon abubuwan da aka tsara, Billy ya raba kuzari mai ban mamaki tare da masu sauraro. Ba ta taɓa zama “mawaƙa mara komai ba”. Ta raba motsin zuciyarta ga magoya baya.

Layin waƙar Billie Holiday ya kasance mai haske kuma bai yi biyayya ga bugun bugun ba. Wannan 'yancin ya ba da izinin mawaƙa don ƙirƙirar kuma "ba za a tsinke ba." A kan mataki, ita ba kome ba ce face "soaring".

Abin sha'awa shine, Billie Holiday bai taɓa samun ƙwarewar murya mai ƙarfi da kewayon murya ba.

Gabaɗayan batu shi ne mawakiyar ta ba da labarinta na kashin kai, wani lokacin kuma na ban mamaki a cikin waƙoƙinta. Wannan ya ba ta damar zama ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran mawaƙa na jazz na ƙarni na ƙarshe.

A lokacin aikinta na kirkire-kirkire, Billie Holiday ta ha]a hannu da manyan gidajen rikodi guda goma sha biyu. Mawakin jazz ya yi nasarar barin wakoki 187. Yawancin waƙoƙin sun zama hits na gaske.

Manyan wakokin Billy

1. Lover Man waka ce mai ban mamaki amma mai ban mamaki. An rubuta abun da ke ciki a cikin 1944. A cikin 1989, an shigar da waƙar a cikin Grammy Hall of Fame.
2. Billy ya rubuta abun da ke ciki Allah ya albarkaci yaro a cikin 1941. A cikin wannan waƙar, ta gaya wa masu sauraro abubuwan da suka faru da kuma motsin zuciyar ta. Mawakiyar ta rubuta wakar ne bayan sun yi rikici da mahaifiyarta.
3. An saki Riffin' the Scotch a cikin 1933 tare da ƙungiyar da Benny Goodman ke jagoranta. Waƙar nan take ta zama abin burgewa, godiyar da mawakiyar ta samu shahararta ta farko.
4. Holiday ya yi rikodin Crazy Ya Kira Ni a cikin 1949. A yau waƙar tana cikin ma'aunin jazz.

Abun kiɗan kiɗan "Ya'yan itãcen marmari" sun cancanci kulawa sosai. Billie Holiday ta fuskanci rashin adalci na launin fata. Ko a matsayinta na shahararriyar mawakiya, ta ji irin matsin lambar da al'umma ke mata.

Billy ta yi amfani da farin jininta don nuna cewa batun wariyar launin fata ya dace ba kawai abubuwan da mutane suka kirkira ba.

Billie Holiday ya burge sosai da waƙar Abel Miropol. Bayan karanta labarin waƙar "'Ya'yan itãcen marmari", mawaƙin ya fitar da wani abu na kiɗa.

A cikin waƙar "'Ya'yan itãcen marmari", mawaƙin ya yi ƙoƙari ya isar da masu sauraro game da makomar 'yan Afirka marasa galihu. Duk wani laifi an hukunta su sosai.

Lokacin da Billy ya juya ga kamfanonin rikodin inda ta yi rikodin waƙoƙi a baya don taimako, sun saba da kayan "'Ya'yan itãcen marmari", sun ƙi yin rikodin waƙar.

A sakamakon haka, Billy har yanzu ya rubuta waƙar, amma a wani ɗakin rikodin "ƙarƙashin ƙasa".

Rayuwar sirri ta Billie Holiday

Rayuwar sirri ta Billie Holiday ta ci gaba ta hanya mafi muni. Mace mai ban sha'awa ta kasance tana sha'awar mazan da ba su cancanta ba.

Mijin Billy na farko shi ne darektan gidan rawa na Harlem, Jimmy Monroe. Mutumin "ya kasance a kan ɗan gajeren leash" Holiday. Ba da daɗewa ba suka rabu, amma auren ya zama mummunan a rayuwar Billy. Mijin ya "kama" matar da kwayoyi.

Mijin Billie Holiday na biyu shi ne Joe Guy. Kuma idan mijin da ya gabata ya tura mawaƙa don kunna kwayoyi, to Joe Guy ya ketare wannan layin. Nan da nan ma'auratan suka rabu.

John Levy shine babban masoyi na uku na Billie Holiday. Da ta same shi, matar ta yi tunanin cewa ta sami farin ciki. Levy shine mamallakin babbar kungiyar Ebony.

Yana nan ne aka sako mawakin daga gidan yari bisa laifin mallakar kwaya. Bugu da ƙari, ya sami damar ci gaba da ayyukanta na wasan kwaikwayo.

Lawi ya ba ƙaunataccen kyaututtuka masu tsada. Sun dau lokaci mai yawa tare. Ana iya kiran waɗannan alaƙar manufa. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ainihin ainihin Lawi ya fara bayyana. Ya dagawa matarsa ​​hannu ya lalata mata tarbiyya.

A sakamakon haka, ya zama cewa Lawi ya kasance mai lalata. Amma kololuwar ta zo ne lokacin da ya bai wa 'yan sanda tukwici game da Billie Holiday. Wannan shi ne bambaro na ƙarshe. Matar ta gudu daga gida ta nemi saki.

Miji na hudu kuma na ƙarshe na shahararren mawakin shine Louis McKay. Wannan aure kuma bai yi nasara ba. Kuma babu babbar soyayya. Louis ya doke Holiday kuma ya yi mata kwaya.

Bayan yawon shakatawa na Billie Holiday a Turai ya zama "rashin nasara", mutumin kawai ya gudu daga matarsa. Bayan mutuwarta, ya zo ya karbi kaso na bayanan da aka sayar.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Billie Holiday

1. Furen da mawakin ya fi so su ne lambun lambu. Mutane da yawa suna kiran Billie Holiday "Lady Gardenia".
2. A farkon aikinta na kirkire-kirkire, mawaƙin ya sami kuɗi kaɗan. Misali, don wasan kwaikwayo a gidan rawanin dare, Billy ya karɓi $ 35.
3. Kamfanonin rikodi akan faifai tare da tsararrun Billie Holiday sun sami miliyoyin. Matar da ke sayar da fayafai mai gefe biyu ta sami $ 75 kaɗan.
4. Babban abokin mawaƙin shine Lester Young, ƙwararren masanin saxophon.
5. Billie Holiday yana son karnuka. Wannan raunin ta ne. Mawaƙin a lokuta daban-daban ya rayu tare da karnuka na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan mawakan sun rayu: mawaƙin ɗan adam, chihuahua, Babban Dane, beagle, terrier, har ma da ɗan sarki.

Matsaloli tare da kwayoyi da barasa. Mutuwar Billie Holiday

A cikin 1950s, masu son kiɗa da magoya bayan Billie Holiday sun fara lura cewa muryarta ba ta da kyau sosai.

Matsalolin shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da shan barasa sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa shahararriyar mawakiyar ta fara samun mummunar matsalar lafiya wanda ya kara tsananta yanayin muryarta.

Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki da kuma rikodin sababbin abubuwan da aka tsara. Ba da da ewa ta sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Norman Grantz - mai da dama sanannun rikodin lakabi.

A wannan lokacin, Billie Holiday ya kasance a saman Olympus na kiɗa. Kafin wannan ya samu nasara a rangadin Turai da fitar da nasa littafin.

A cikin 1958, Billie Holiday ta faɗaɗa hotunanta tare da kundi na ƙarshe, Lady in Satin. Sannan ta sake zagaya Turai. Yawon shakatawa ya zama " gazawa", mawakin ya dawo gida.

A watan Mayu 1959, da singer gudanar da ta karshe concert. A karshen watan Mayu na wannan shekarar, an tafi da Billie Holiday a cikin motar asibiti. Mawakin ya rasu a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1959. Likitoci sun bayyana cewa ya mutu ne sakamakon yawan shan magani. Mawakin yana da shekaru 44 kacal.

Har yau ana girmama aikinta. Ana kiran Billie Holiday "Sarauniyar Jazz da Blues". Wakokin mawakin sun dace har yau.