Bob Dylan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane na kiɗan pop a Amurka. Shi ba mawaƙi ne kawai, marubucin waƙa ba, har ma ɗan wasa ne, marubuci kuma ɗan wasan fim. An kira mai zanen "muryar tsara."
Wataƙila shi ya sa ba ya danganta sunansa da kiɗan kowane tsara. Da yake "fashewa" a cikin kiɗan jama'a a cikin 1960s, ya nemi ƙirƙirar kiɗa mai daɗi ba kawai. Amma kuma ya so ya samar da wayar da kan jama'a da siyasa ta hanyar wakokinsa.
Shi ɗan tawaye ne na gaske. Mawaƙin ba mutumin da ya dace da ƙa'idodin shahararrun kiɗan zamaninsa ba. Ya yanke shawarar gwada waƙarsa da waƙoƙinsa. Kuma ya yi juyin juya hali a nau'o'i kamar kiɗan pop da kiɗan jama'a. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da nau'ikan kiɗa da yawa - blues, ƙasa, bishara, jama'a da rock da nadi.
Mawaƙin ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren masani ne wanda zai iya kunna guitar, maɓallan madannai da harmonica. Shi mawaƙi ne mai ƙwazo. Babban gudunmawarsa ga duniyar kiɗa ana ɗaukarsa rubutun waƙa.
A cikin wakokin, mai zane ya tabo batutuwan zamantakewa, siyasa ko falsafa. Mawaƙin kuma yana jin daɗin yin zane-zane kuma an baje kolin aikinsa a manyan wuraren zane-zane.
Rayuwar farkon Bob Dylan da farkon aikinsa
An haifi mawakin Folk rock kuma marubuci Bob Dylan a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 1941 a Duluth, Minnesota. Iyayensa sune Abram da Beatrice Zimmerman. Sunan ainihin mai zane Robert Allen Zimmerman. Shi da ƙanensa David sun girma a yankin Hibbing. A nan ya sauke karatu daga Hibbing High School a 1959.
Taurarin taurarin dutse irin su Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis da Little Richard (wanda ya yi koyi da shi a kan piano a lokacin karatunsa), matashin Dylan ya kafa nasa makada. Waɗannan su ne Gold Chords da ƙungiyar da ya jagoranta a ƙarƙashin sunan Elston Gunn. Yayin da yake halartar Jami'ar Minnesota, ya fara yin waƙoƙin jama'a da na ƙasa a wuraren shakatawa na Bob Dylan na gida.
A cikin 1960, Bob ya bar kwaleji kuma ya koma New York. Gunkinsa shi ne fitaccen mawakin gargajiya Woody Guthrie. An kwantar da Woody a asibiti tare da wata cuta mai saurin gada ta tsarin juyayi.
Yakan ziyarci Guthrie akai-akai a dakin asibiti. Mawaƙin ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullun a kulake na gargajiya da gidajen kofi a ƙauyen Greenwich. Ya hadu da mawakan da dama. Kuma ya fara rubuta waƙoƙi a cikin sauri mai ban mamaki, ciki har da Waƙar Woody (yabo ga gwarzon rashin lafiya).
Kwangila tare da Columbia Records
A cikin kaka na 1961, daya daga cikin jawabinsa ya sami bita mai mahimmanci a cikin New York Times. Sannan ya sanya hannu tare da Columbia Records. Daga nan ya canza sunansa na karshe zuwa Dylan.
Kundin farko, wanda aka saki a farkon 1962, ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 13. Amma biyu ne kawai daga cikinsu na asali. Mawaƙin ya nuna ƙaƙƙarfan murya a cikin waƙoƙin gargajiya da nau'ikan waƙoƙin blues.
Dylan ya fito a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan muryoyin asali da waƙoƙi a cikin tarihin mashahuran kiɗan Amurka akan The Freewheelin 'Bob Dylan (1963). Tarin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin jama'a guda biyu waɗanda ba za a manta da su ba na shekarun 1960. Yana hura 'a cikin iska da Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a-Gonna Fall.
Kundin Times Are a-Changin ya kafa Dylan a matsayin marubucin waƙa don motsin zanga-zangar 1960. Sunansa ya inganta bayan ya tuntubi Joan Baez (wani shahararren "icon" na motsi) a cikin 1963.
Kodayake dangantakarsa da Baez ta wuce shekaru biyu kawai. Sun kasance babban fa'ida ga duka masu yin wasan kwaikwayon game da ayyukan kiɗan su. Dylan ta rubuta wasu shahararrun kayan Baez, kuma ta gabatar da shi ga dubban magoya baya a wurin shagali.
A cikin 1964, Dylan ya yi nuni 200 a shekara. Amma ya gaji da zama mawaƙin jama'a-mawaƙi na ƙungiyoyin zanga-zangar. Kundin, wanda aka yi rikodin a cikin 1964, ya fi na sirri. Tarin wakoki ne na ciki, wanda ba su da siyasa fiye da na baya.
Bob Dylan bayan hadarin
A cikin 1965, Dylan ya yi rikodin kundi mai suna Bringing It All Back Home. A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1965, ya yi wasansa na farko na lantarki a bikin Folk na Newport.
Highway 61 Revisited an sake shi a cikin 1965. Ya haɗa da abun da ke cikin dutse kamar Rolling Stone da kundi biyu Blonde akan Blonde (1966). Tare da muryarsa da waƙoƙin da ba za a manta da su ba, Dylan ya haɗu da duniyar kiɗa da wallafe-wallafe.
Dylan ya ci gaba da inganta kansa har tsawon shekaru talatin masu zuwa. A cikin Yuli 1966, bayan wani hadarin babur, Dylan ya murmure kusan shekara guda a keɓe.
Kundin na gaba, John Wesley Harding, an sake shi a cikin 1968. Ƙididdigar Duk Tare da Hasumiyar Tsaro da Nashville Skyline (1969), Hoton Kai (1970) da Tarantula (1971) suka biyo baya.
A cikin 1973, Dylan ya fito a cikin fim din "Pat Garrett da Billy Kid" wanda Sam Peckinpah ya ba da umarni. Mawaƙin ya kuma rubuta sautin sautin fim ɗin. Ya zama abin bugawa kuma ya fito da Knockin na al'ada akan Ƙofar Sama.
Ziyarar Farko Da Addini
A cikin 1974, Dylan ya fara yawon shakatawa na farko tun bayan hadarin. Ya zagaya ko'ina cikin kasar tare da mawakan sa. Tarin da ya yi rikodin tare da ƙungiyar Planet Waves ya zama kundi na farko na #1 a tarihi.
Sai mai zane ya fitar da shahararren kundi mai suna Jini akan Waƙoƙi da Sha'awa (1975). Kowane guda ya ɗauki matsayi na 1st. Tarin Desire ya haɗa da waƙar Hurricane, da aka rubuta game da ɗan dambe Rubin Carter (wanda ake wa lakabi da Hurricane). An zarge shi da laifin kisan kai sau uku a 1966. Shari'ar Carter ta kai ga sake yin shari'a a 1976, lokacin da aka sake yanke masa hukunci.
Bayan rabuwa mai zafi da matarsa Sarah Lownds, an saki waƙar "Sarah". Kokarin da Dylan ya yi ne a bayyane amma bai yi nasara ba don ganin Sarah ta dawo. Dylan ya sake gano kansa, yana bayyana a cikin 1979 cewa an haife shi Kirista.
Waƙar Evangelical Arrival of the Slow Train ya shahara a kasuwa. Godiya ga abun da ke ciki, Dylan ya sami lambar yabo ta Grammy ta farko. Yawon shakatawa da faifai ba su yi nasara ba. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba sha’awar addini ta Dylan ta zama ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin waƙarsa. A cikin 1982, an shigar da shi cikin zauren Mawallafin Mawaƙa na Fame.
Rock Star Bob Dylan
Da farko a cikin 1980s, Dylan ya zagaya lokaci-lokaci tare da Tom Petty da masu bugun zuciya da Matattu masu godiya. Sanannen Albums daga wannan lokacin: Kafirai (1983), Biography Retrospective Biography (1985), Knocked Out (1986). Da kuma Oh Mercy (1989), wanda ya zama mafi kyawun tarin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Ya yi rikodin albums guda biyu tare da Wilburys Traveling. Har ila yau, akwai: George Harrison, Roy Orbison, Tom Petty da Jeff Lynne. A cikin 1994, Dylan ya sami lambar yabo ta Grammy don Mafi kyawun Album ɗin Jama'a na Gargajiya na Duniya da Ba daidai ba.
A cikin 1989, an gayyaci Dylan zuwa Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Kuma Bruce Springsteen yayi magana a wurin bikin. Mawaƙin ya ce "Bob ya 'yantar da hankali kamar yadda Elvis ya 'yantar da jiki. Ya ƙirƙiro wata sabuwar hanyar sauti kamar mawaƙin pop, ya tsallake iyakokin abin da mawaƙin zai iya cimma, ya kuma canza fuskar dutse da birgima har abada. A cikin 1997, Dylan ya zama tauraron dutse na farko don karɓar lambar girmamawa ta Cibiyar Kennedy. Ita ce lambar yabo mafi girma da kasar ta ba da ta fannin fasaha.
Godiya ga kundi na Dylan (1997), mai zane ya sami lambobin yabo na Grammy guda uku. Ya ci gaba da yawon shakatawa da kuzari, gami da wasan kwaikwayo a 1997 don Paparoma John Paul II. A ciki, ya buga Knocking a kan Ƙofar Sama. Kuma a cikin 1999, mawaƙin ya tafi yawon shakatawa tare da Paul Simon.
A shekara ta 2000, ya yi rikodin waƙar "An Canja Abubuwan" guda ɗaya don waƙar fim ɗin Wonder Boys, tare da tauraron Michael Douglas. Waƙar ta sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da Oscar don Mafi kyawun Waƙar Asali.
Daga nan Dylan ya huta don ba da labarin rayuwarsa. A cikin kaka 2004, da singer saki Tarihi: Volume Daya.
An yi hira da Dylan a karon farko a cikin shekaru 20 don shirin shirin Babu wurin da aka ba (2005). Daraktan shine Martin Scorsese.
Aiki na baya-bayan nan da kyaututtuka
A cikin 2006, Dylan ya fito da kundi na studio Modern Times, wanda ya hau saman ginshiƙi. Ya kasance haɗe-haɗe na blues, ƙasa da jama'a, kuma an yaba wa kundin saboda sauti da siffarsa.
Dylan ya ci gaba da yawon shakatawa a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 2009st. Ya fitar da kundi na studio Tare Ta Rayuwa a cikin Afrilu XNUMX.
A cikin 2010, ya fito da kundin bootleg The Witmark Demos. An bi shi da sabon saitin akwatin, Bob Dylan: The Original Mono Recordings. Bugu da kari, ya baje kolin zane-zane na asali guda 40 don baje kolin solo a dakin taro na kasa da kasa na Denmark. A cikin 2011, mai zane ya sake fitar da wani kundi mai rai, A cikin Concert - Jami'ar Brandeis 1963. Kuma a cikin Satumba 2012, ya fitar da sabon kundi na studio, Tempest. A cikin 2015, an fitar da kundin murfin Shadows in the Night.
Faɗuwar Mala'iku 37th album studio
Bayan shekara guda, Dylan ya fitar da kundi na 37th Fallen Mala'iku. Yana fasalta waƙoƙin gargajiya daga Littafin Waƙoƙin Babba na Amurka. Kuma a cikin 2017, mai zanen ya fito da kundi na faifai uku na Triplicate. Ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 30 da aka sake sarrafa su. Har ila yau: Guguwar Yanayi, Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya kuma Mafi Kyau yana Ci gaba.
Bayan Grammy, Academy da kuma lambar yabo ta Golden Globe, Dylan ya sami lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci daga Shugaba Barack Obama a 2012. A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2016, fitaccen mawakin mawaƙa kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin adabi.
Cibiyar Kwalejin Sweden ta yaba wa Bob Dylan sosai don ƙirƙirar sabbin maganganun waƙa a cikin babbar al'adar waƙar Amurka.
Dylan ya dawo a cikin Nuwamba 2017 tare da sakin Matsala Babu More - The Bootleg Series Vol. 13/1979-1981. An ba da sanarwar cewa an sake buɗe tsohon ɗakin rikodin sa a Greenwich Village (Manhattan). Katafaren gida ne na alfarma tare da benaye akan mafi ƙarancin $12 a wata. Bayan haka, an yi gwanjon kofar dakinsa da ke otal din Chelsea kan kudi dala 500.
A cikin 2018, Dylan yana ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha da aka nuna akan 6-track EP Universal Love: Waƙoƙin Bikin Reimagined, tarin litattafai na zamani daban-daban. Dylan ya zira kwallaye irin su: Budurwa ta kuma Sannan Ya Sumbace Ni (1929).
A wannan shekarar, mawallafin mawaƙa kuma ya sake fitar da alamar giya mai suna Heaven's Door Spirits. Heaven Hill Distillery ya kai kara don cin zarafin alamar kasuwanci.
Rayuwar mutum
Mai zane ya yi kwanan wata Joan Baez. Sa'an nan tare da mawaƙa da alamar bishara Mavis Staples, ya so ya aure ta. Mai zane bai taɓa magana game da 'yan mata a fili ba. Dylan ya auri Lownds a 1965, amma sun sake aure a 1977.
Suna da ’ya’ya huɗu: Jessie, Anna, Sama’ila da Yakubu. Kuma Yakubu ya zama mawaƙin mashahurin rukunin dutsen Wallflowers. Dylan kuma ya ɗauki ɗiya, Maria, daga auren Lounds na baya.
Lokacin da ba ya yin kiɗa, Dylan ya bincika basirarsa a matsayin mai zane na gani. Hotunan nasa sun bayyana a bangon kundin wakokin Self Portrait (1970) da Planet of the Waves (1974). Ya buga littattafai da yawa game da zane-zane da zane-zane. Ya kuma baje kolin aikinsa a duk duniya.
Bob Dylan a yau
A karon farko cikin shekaru 8, fitaccen jarumin nan Bob Dylan ya gabatar da sabuwar LP Rough da Rowdy Ways ga magoya baya. Tarin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau da yawa daga magoya baya. A cikin rikodin, mawaƙin da basira ya "zana" shimfidar wurare. Kundin ya ƙunshi mawaƙa-mawaƙa Fiona Apple da Blake Mills.
