Ukrain ya kasance sananne ga mawaƙanta, da kuma opera na kasa don ƙungiyar mawaƙa na farko. A nan, fiye da shekaru arba'in, da musamman iyawa na prima donna na gidan wasan kwaikwayo, People's Artist na Ukraine da Tarayyar Soviet, lashe National Prize. Taras Shevchenko da kuma Jihar Prize na Tarayyar Soviet, Hero na Ukraine - Yevgeny Miroshnichenko. A lokacin rani na 2011, Ukraine ta yi bikin cika shekaru 80 da haifuwar almara na wasan opera na kasa. A cikin wannan shekarar, an buga littafin tarihin rayuwarta da aikinta na farko.
Ta kasance abin ado da alamar wasan kwaikwayo na Ukrainian a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na XNUMX. Shahararriyar makarantar murya ta ƙasa tana da alaƙa da fasaharta. Kyakkyawan murya ta asali - lyric-coloratura soprano Evgenia Miroshnichenko ba zai taɓa ruɗe ba. Mawaƙin ya ƙware da fasaha na murya, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, pianissimo bayyananne, sauti mai kyau, da basirar yin wasan kwaikwayo. Duk wannan an ko da yaushe a ƙarƙashinsa don ƙirƙirar kyawawan murya da hotuna na mataki.
Ivan Kozlovsky ya ce Miroshnichenko ba kawai mawaƙa ne daga Allah ba, amma kuma ainihin actress. Wannan haɗin yana da wuya sosai. Sai kawai almara Maria Callas ke da shi. A cikin 1960, lokacin da masu fasahar wasan opera na Tarayyar Soviet suka fara horon horo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na La Scala, Evgenia ta inganta ƙwarewar muryarta kuma ta shirya ɓangaren Lucia tare da malaminta Elvira de Hidalgo.
Yarinta da matasa na singer Yevgeny Miroshnichenko
A nan gaba singer aka haife kan Yuni 12, 1931 a wani karamin kauye na Pervoi Sovetsky, Kharkov yankin. Iyaye - Semyon da Susanna Miroshnichenko. Iyalin da wahala mai yawa sun tsira daga soja "lokacin wahala". Mahaifin ya mutu a gaba, kuma mahaifiyar ta kasance ita kaɗai tare da yara uku - Lucy, Zhenya da Zoya.
Bayan 'yantar da Kharkov a shekara ta 1943, Lyusya da Zhenya sun kasance a cikin makarantar rediyo na musamman na mata. Zhenya ta yi karatu a matsayin mai lafiya, ba da daɗewa ba Lucy ta dawo gida. A can, yarinyar ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na mai son. Da farko ta yi rawa, sa'an nan ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa, jagorancin mawaƙa da mawaki Zinovy Zagranichny. Shi ne ya fara ganin hazakar matashin dalibin.
Bayan kammala karatu daga koleji, Evgenia yi aiki a matsayin farko-aji fitter a Kharkov Electromechanical Shuka. Amma ana yawan gayyatar ta don yin wasan kwaikwayo a Kyiv. Sai kawai a 1951 ta shiga Kyiv Conservatory a cikin aji na gogaggen malami Maria Donets-Tesseir.
Mace mai al'adu mai girma, ilimin encyclopedic, farfesa ya yi magana da Faransanci, Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Yaren mutanen Poland. Ta kuma horar da kwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan wasan opera da mawakan ɗakin karatu. Maria Eduardovna ya zama na biyu uwa ga Evgenia.
Ta koya mata waƙa, ta rinjayi samuwar halayenta, ta ba da shawara, ta tallafa wa ɗabi'a, har ma da kuɗi. Farfesa ya shirya Evgenia Miroshnichenko don gasar Vocal International a Toulouse (Faransa). A can ta zama lambar yabo, ta sami Grand Prize da kuma gasar cin kofin birnin Paris.
A karshe jarrabawa a Conservatory ya halarta a karon na Evgenia Miroshnichenko a kan mataki na Kyiv Opera da Ballet Theater. Evgenia ta rera rawar Violetta a cikin wasan opera na Giuseppe Verdi na La Traviata kuma ta yi sha'awar kyakkyawar muryarta da dabarar salon mawaƙa. Kuma m Verdi cantilena, kuma mafi mahimmanci - ikhlasi da gaskiya wajen isar da zurfin jin daɗin jarumar.
Yi aiki a Kiev Opera gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Kusan babu wasu lokuta a tarihin wasan opera na duniya lokacin da wani ɓangaren muryar da aka fi so ya ƙawata wa mawaƙin na tsawon shekaru arba'in. Yin alfahari da wannan, sai dai Evgenia Miroshnichenko, zai iya zama mawaƙin Italiya Adeline Patti. Kwarewar muryarta mai ban sha'awa fiye da rabin karni.
Yevgenia Miroshnichenko ya fara aiki a Kyiv - ta zama soloist na Kyiv Opera. Aiki tare da singer: Boris Gmyrya, Mikhail Grishko, Nikolai Vorvulev, Yuri Gulyaev, Elizaveta Chavdar, Larisa Rudenko.
Evgenia Miroshnichenko ya yi sa'a sosai saboda ta sadu da gogaggun daraktoci a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kiev. Ciki har da Mikhail Stefanovich, Vladimir Sklyarenko, Dmitry Smolich, Irina Molostova. Haka kuma masu jagoranci sune Alexander Klimov, Veniamin Tolbu, Stefan Turchak.
Tare da hadin gwiwarsu ne ta inganta fasaharta. Repertoire na mai zane ya haɗa da matsayin Venus (Aeneid na Nikolai Lysenko), Musetta (La Boheme na Giacomo Puccini). Kazalika Stasi (Babban Farko na Jamus Zhukovsky), Sarauniyar Dare (The Magic Flute na Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart), Zerlina (Fra-Iblis na Daniel Aubert), Leila (Masu neman Lu'u-lu'u na Georges Bizet).
A wata hira da aka yi da mujallar Music, Evgenia Miroshnichenko ta ce: “Na danganta haihuwata a matsayin mawaƙa, da farko, da La Traviata, wannan ƙwararren Giuseppe Verdi. A can ne aka yi tsarin fasaha na. Kuma abin ban tausayi da kyau Violetta ita ce ƙauna ta gaskiya da gaskiya. "
Farkon wasan opera "Lucia di Lammermoor"
A cikin 1962-1963. Mafarkin Eugenia ya zama gaskiya - farkon wasan opera Lucia di Lammermoor (Gaetano Donizetti) ya faru. Ta halicci cikakkiyar hoton jarumar ba kawai godiya ga muryarta ba, amma har ma a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin horon horo a Italiya, mawaƙin ya halarci horo a La Scala, lokacin da Joan Sutherland ya yi aiki a ɓangaren Lucia.
Ta yi la'akari da rera waƙa mafi girma na fasaha, basirarta ta ba da mamaki ga matashin dan wasan Ukrainian. Bangaren Lucia, waƙar opera ta burge ta sosai har ta rasa natsuwa. Nan take ta rubuta wa Kyiv wasiƙa. Miroshnichenko yana da sha'awar da bangaskiya ga nasara cewa gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo zai hada da opera a cikin shirin repertory.
Wasan kwaikwayo, wanda darektan Irina Molostova da shugaba Oleg Ryabov suka shirya, an nuna shi a filin Kiev kusan shekaru 50. Irina Molostova sami mafi kyau mataki bayani ga yi. Ta bayyana ra'ayin soyayya na gaskiya kuma mai nasara duka wanda mawaƙi da mawallafi suka shimfida. Yevgenia Miroshnichenko ya tashi zuwa matsayi mai ban tsoro a wurin da Lucia ya hauka. A cikin "Aria tare da sarewa", mai rairayi ya nuna murya mai kyau, cantilena mai sassauci, yana fafatawa da kayan aiki. Amma kuma ta ba da ɓangarorin ɓacin rai na mai ciwon.
A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na operas La traviata da Lucia di Lammermoor, Eugenia sau da yawa yakan koma ga ingantawa. Ta sami inuwa ta alama a cikin kalmomin kida, tana fuskantar sabbin abubuwan ban mamaki. Yin aiki da hankali ya taimaka mata ta amsa ga daidaitattun abokin tarayya, don wadatar da sanannen hoton da sababbin launuka.
La traviata da Lucia di Lammermoor operas ne wanda mawakin ya kai kololuwar fasaha da ci gaban wakoki.
Evgenia Miroshnichenko da sauran ayyukanta
Hoton yarinyar Rasha Marta a cikin wasan opera Bride Tsar (Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov) yana kusa da halayen kirkire-kirkire na mai zane. A cikin wannan liyafa akwai faɗin kewayon, matsananciyar sassauci, dumin timbre. Haka kuma magana mara kyau, lokacin da aka ji kowace kalma ko da akan pianissimo.
"Ukrainian Nightingale" aka fi sani da Evgenia Miroshnichenko. Abin takaici, wannan ma'anar, wanda galibi ana samunsa a cikin labaran game da mawaƙa, yanzu an rage darajarsa. Ita ce prima donna na wasan opera na Ukrainian tare da bayyanannen murya mai kristal na kewayon octaves huɗu. Mawaƙa guda biyu ne kawai a duniya ke da muryar kewayon kewayon - sanannen mawaƙin Italiya na ƙarni na XNUMX Lucrezia Aguiari da 'yar Faransa Robin Mado.
Evgenia ya kasance mai ban mamaki mai yin aikin ɗakin ɗakin. Baya ga arias daga wasan operas, ta rera wasu sassa na operas "Ernani" da "Sicilian Vespers" a cikin kide-kide. Kazalika "Mignon", "Linda di Chamouni", romances na Sergei Rachmaninoff, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Kaisar Cui. Kuma qagaggun daga kasashen waje marubuta - Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonin Dvorak, Camille Saint-Saens, Jules Massenet, Stanislav Moniuszko, Edvard Grieg, Ukrainian composers - Julius Meitus, Platon Maiboroda, Igor Shamo, Alexander Bilash.
Waƙoƙin gargajiya na Ukrainian sun shagaltar da wuri na musamman a cikin repertoire. Evgenia Semyonovna yana daya daga cikin mafi kyaun wasan kwaikwayo na "Concerto for Voice and Orchestra" (Reingold Gliere).
Ayyukan ilmantarwa na kiɗa
Evgenia Miroshnichenko ya zama malami mai ban mamaki. Don aikin koyarwa, yin ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar fasaha ba su isa ba, ana buƙatar iyawa da ƙwarewa na musamman. Wadannan siffofi sun kasance a cikin Evgenia Semyonovna. Ta halitta vocal makaranta, organically hada hadisai na Ukrainian da Italiyanci yi.
Sai kawai ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na asali ta shirya 13 soloists, wanda ya dauki manyan wurare a cikin tawagar. Musamman, wadannan su ne Valentina Stepovaya, Olga Nagornaya, Susanna Chakhoyan, Ekaterina Strashchenko, Tatyana Ganina, Oksana Tereshchenko. Kuma da yawa masu nasara na duk-Ukrainian da na kasa da kasa vocal gasa samu nasarar aiki a cikin sinimomi a Poland - Valentina Pasechnik da Svetlana Kalinichenko, a Jamus - Elena Belkina, a Japan - Oksana Verba, a Faransa - Elena Savchenko da Ruslana Kulinyak, a Amurka - Mikhail Didyk da Svetlana Merlichenko.
Kusan shekaru 30, mai zane ya sadaukar da koyarwa a Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Kasa ta Ukraine mai suna bayan. Pyotr Tchaikovsky. Cikin haquri da kauna ta tarbiyyantar da dalibanta ta kuma cusa musu kyawawan halaye masu kyau. Kuma ba wai kawai ya koyar da sana'ar mawaƙa ba, amma har ma "littattafan walƙiya" na wahayi a cikin rayukan matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo. Har ila yau, ta cusa musu sha'awar kada su daina, amma ko da yaushe ci gaba zuwa ga kere kere. Evgenia Miroshnichenko ya yi magana da gaske farin ciki game da makomar matasa baiwa. Ta yi mafarkin ƙirƙirar Smallan Opera House a Kyiv, inda mawaƙa na Ukraine zasu iya aiki, kuma ba tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje ba.
Kammala aikin ƙirƙira
Yevgenia Miroshnichenko ta kammala aikinta a Opera na kasa tare da rawar Lucia di Lammermoor (Gaetano Donizetti). Babu wanda ya sanar, bai rubuta a kan fosta cewa wannan shi ne na karshe yi na m singer. Amma magoya bayanta sun ji. Zauren ya cika makil. Evgenia yi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo tare da Mikhail Didyk, wanda ta shirya wani ɓangare na Alfred.
Komawa a cikin Yuni 2004, an ƙirƙira Smallan Opera ta hanyar ƙudurin Majalisar City na Kyiv. Miroshnichenko ya yi imanin cewa babban birnin ya kamata ya sami gidan wasan kwaikwayo na chamber. Don haka sai ta kwankwasa kofofin ofisoshin jami'ai, amma ba ta da amfani. Abin takaici, sabis na Ukraine, ikon mawaƙa mai ban sha'awa bai shafi jami'ai ba. Ba su goyi bayan tunaninta ba. Don haka ta rasu ba tare da ta gane babban burinta ba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Evgenia Semyonovna sau da yawa ya sadu da 'yan jarida, ya tuna da ban sha'awa aukuwa daga yarinta. Kazalika da wuya post-yaki shekaru, horo a Kharkov sana'a makaranta. Ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2009, ƙwararren mawaki ya mutu. Aikinta na asali ya shiga tarihin kiɗan opera na Turai da na duniya har abada.
