Mawakin Opera da Chamber Fyodor Chaliapin ya shahara a matsayin mai babbar murya. Aikin almara an san shi da nisa fiye da iyakokin ƙasarsa.
Yarantaka
Fedor Ivanovich daga Kazan ne. Iyayensa suna ziyartar manoma. Mahaifiyar ba ta yi aiki ba kuma ta ba da kanta gaba ɗaya ga gabatarwar gidan, kuma shugaban iyali ya riƙe matsayin marubuci a cikin gwamnatin Zemstvo.
Yana da abubuwan da suka fi daɗi a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Iyaye masu kulawa sun kewaye ɗansu ba kawai da hankali ba. Musamman ma, iyaye ba su tsoma baki tare da haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar 'ya'yansu ba.
A farkon ƙuruciya, Fedor ya gano iyakoki masu ban mamaki. Babban kadari na ƙaramin Chaliapin shine trible chic. Godiya ga iyawar muryarsa, an sa shi cikin mawakan coci. A cikin ganuwar cocin, ya fara nazarin fasahar kiɗan. Shugaban iyali bai yarda cewa waƙa na iya wadatar da ɗansa ba, don haka ya ba shi horo a matsayin mai gyaran takalma. Amma, mun lura cewa bai tsoma baki tare da samuwar Fedor a matsayin mawaƙa ba.
Chaliapin ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana karatu a makaranta, kuma ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa. Sannan an aika Fedor aiki a matsayin mataimakin magatakarda. Daga baya zai rubuta cewa waɗannan su ne shekarun da suka fi guntu a rayuwarsa. Muryarsa ta karye, kuma Chaliapin ya daina iya yin waƙa. Aikin bai ba Fedor cikakkiyar jin daɗi ba. Ya kasance a kan bakin yanke kauna.
Wataƙila, idan ba don wani lamari mai ban sha'awa ba, Fedor zai kashe sauran rayuwarsa a cikin aiki mai ban sha'awa. Da zarar ya ziyarci Kazan Opera House. Chaliapin ya yi mamakin abin da ya ji a kan mataki. Ya yanke shawarar canza rayuwarsa gaba daya.
Matasan mawaki Fyodor Chaliapin
Lokacin da ya cika shekara 16, ya yanke shawarar cewa lokaci ya yi da zai yi aiki. A lokacin, muryarsa ta daina "karya", kuma ya zo kallon wasan opera. Duk da hazakar sa, an aika Chaliapin gida. Ba da da ewa ya aka yarda a cikin Serebryakov Theater.
Lokaci kaɗan zai shuɗe kuma za a ba wa matashin amana don yin jagoranci a cikin opera Eugene Onegin. Nasarar farko mai mahimmanci tana ƙarfafa Fedor kuma bayan haka ya matsa zuwa mafi girman alƙawarin, a ra'ayinsa, ƙungiyar.
Na dogon lokaci yana kulawa don kula da matsayin mai hazaka wanda ya koyar da kansa. Ƙananan gazawa sun tsokani Fedor cikin aiki. Yana inganta surutu. Ba da daɗewa ba ya shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yawo daga Little Russia, wanda ƙwararren G. I. Derkach ya jagoranta. Tare da tawagar shugaban, Chaliapin ya yi tafiya mai tsawo. Yawon shakatawa ya ƙare tare da gaskiyar cewa ya yanke shawarar zama a Tbilisi.
A Jojiya, baiwar Fedor ita ma ba a san ta ba. Ya lura da malamin Dmitry Usatov. An san wannan na ƙarshe a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi. Dmitry ya ga babban yuwuwa a Fedor. Yana ɗauka a ƙarƙashin kariyarsa. A cikin layi daya tare da darussan murya da Usatov ya shirya masa, matashin mawaki yana aiki a daya daga cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a babban birnin Jojiya.
Fyodor Chaliapin: Hanyar kirkira
A ƙarshen karni, ya shiga hidimar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Imperial na St. Petersburg. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Imperial ya cika da tsauri da tsari. Wannan lamarin ya fara gajiya da Chaliapin. Da zarar an lura da wasan kwaikwayon Fedor ta mai ba da agaji Savva Mamontov. Yayi tayi mai tsoka ga matashin mawakin. Savva ya ja hankalin matashin gwanintar zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Mamontov nan da nan ya gane cewa a gabansa shi ne ainihin ƙugiya. Savva ya ga babban yuwuwar ƙirƙira a cikin Fedor. Ya ba Chaliapin cikakken 'yancin yin aiki a cikin tawagarsa. Kowace rana, mawaƙin ya bayyana bayanan murya. Babu wanda ya iyakance shi ko daidaita shi zuwa wani tsari.
A cikin ƙungiyar, ya sami damar rufe shahararrun sassan bass na wasan operas na Rasha. Ayyukansa na rawar Mephistopheles a cikin Charles Gounod's Faust ya kasance ma'auni. A cikin wani gajeren lokaci Fedor Ivanovich gudanar ya zama wani kasa da kasa star.
A farkon sabon karni, ya sake bayyana a cikin ganuwar Mariinsky Theater. Yanzu ƙofofin mafi kyawun cibiyoyin al'adu na ƙasar a buɗe suke ga mawaƙin opera. A Mariinsky Theater, ya shiga a matsayin soloist.
Tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na St. Petersburg ya zagaya kasashen Turai. Da zarar ya yi sa'a ya yi wasa a kan mataki a Metropolitan Opera a New York. Tare da bayyanarsa, Fedor kuma ya yarda da magoya bayan Moscow. Ya sau da yawa yi a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theater.
An ba da lakabin Mawaƙin Jama'a na RSFSR
Daga 1905, ya ƙara fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mawaƙa na solo. Chaliapin ya yi wakokin soyayya da wakokin gargajiya. Masu sauraro musamman sun tuna da gabatar da waƙoƙin "Dubinushka" da "Along the Piterskaya". A cikin wannan lokaci, yana ba da kuɗin da aka samu ga ma'aikata masu buƙatar taimako.
Ayyukan mawakin sun yi kama da ayyukan siyasa na lumana. Irin wadannan ayyuka sun samu kyakkyawar amsa daga gwamnati mai ci. Fedor ya kasance mai kyau tare da gwamnatin yanzu. Amma, abin takaici, har yanzu ya kasa riƙe matsayin “dan ƙasa nagari” a ƙasarsa ta haihuwa.
Bayan juyin juya halin, m canje-canje fara a rayuwar Fedor Ivanovich. An nada shi shugaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky. Bugu da kari, ya aka bayar da lakabi na Jama'ar Artist na RSFSR.
A cikin sabon matsayi, bai daɗe ba. Bayan rangadin farko a kasar waje, ya yanke shawarar kada ya koma kasarsa. Chaliapin ya ɗauki babban iyali tare da shi. Fedor Ivanovich daina yi a kan mataki na mahaifarsa kasar. Bayan 'yan shekaru, an yanke shawarar hana mawaƙan lakabin Mawaƙin Jama'a.
Abin sha'awa, m biography na sanannen singer ba kawai music. Ya kasance mutum mai iya jurewa. An san cewa ya kasance mai sha'awar zane-zane da sassaka. Ya yi sa'a ya fito a fina-finai da dama.
Fyodor Chaliapin: Cikakken bayanin rayuwarsa
Fedor Ivanovich mutum ne mai ban sha'awa. Ya sadu da matarsa ta farko a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, lokacin da ya yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na majiɓincin Savva Mamontov. Kyakkyawar ballerina Iola Tornaga ta yi nasara akan Chaliapin.
A cikin wata yarinya, mai rairayi ya kasance mai taurin kai da kuma asalin Italiyanci. Fiye da komai, baya son kowa ya same ta. Ya yi mata maganar aure, kuma Tornaga ya amsa wa mutumin.
A lokacin rayuwar iyali, ballerina ta haifi 'ya'ya shida daga Fedor. Ƙarin iyali ba su kiyaye Chaliapin daga canje-canje a rayuwa ba. Ya fi son yin kasada, ban da haka, an bambanta shi da iska.
Ya sau da yawa ya zauna a St. Petersburg, nesa da iyalinsa. Nisa ya yi mugun zolaya tare da ma'auratan. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami sabuwar mace. Ya sadu da Maria Petzold a asirce. Ba su tallata dangantakar ba, tunda dukansu sun yi aure a hukumance. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fara zama tare, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya daga Chaliapin.
Ya ci gaba da tafiyar da rayuwa biyu har zuwa Turai. Lokacin da ya tafi yawon shakatawa, ya ɗauki iyalinsa na biyu tare da shi. Bayan ɗan lokaci, yara daga aurensa na farko sun koma tare da shi.
A gida ya bar babbar diya da tsohuwar matarsa. Duk da cewa Fedor ya yi rashin gaskiya ga matarsa ta farko, ba ta da kishin mijinta. A cikin 60s na karni na karshe, Iola ya koma Roma, amma kafin ya tafi, matar ta juya zuwa ga Ministan Al'adu tare da buƙatar ƙirƙirar gidan kayan gargajiya a gidansu don girmama tsohon mijinta.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mawaƙa
- Tun yana yaro, an kore shi daga makaranta saboda ya sumbaci wata yarinya.
- Ya dade yana neman wurin matarsa ta farko. Ta daina bayan ya rera waƙa a wasan opera mai suna "Eugene Onegin": "Onegin, na rantse da takobi, ina jin daɗin soyayya da Tornagi!" Bayan haka ne matar ta farko ta yanke shawarar ramawa soyayyarsa.
- Jita-jita yana da cewa ya mutu ba daga ciwon daji ba, amma daga "hannayen" hukumomin Soviet.
- Ya taimaka wa baƙi na Rasha masu ziyara waɗanda suka zaɓi Paris don rayuwa.
- A farkon shekarun 30, ya buga littafin Mask and Soul. A ciki, singer ya yi magana da kakkausar murya dangane da gwamnatin Soviet.
Mutuwar mai zane Fyodor Chaliapin
A tsakiyar 30s, ya tafi yawon shakatawa na ƙarshe na Gabas Mai Nisa. Ya yi kide-kide sama da 50. Lokacin da mawakin ya koma Faransa, ya ji rashin lafiya sosai.
Bai fasa zuwa wurin likita ba. A ƙarshen 30s, an ba shi rashin jin daɗi - "ciwon daji". Likitoci sun ce Chaliapin bai wuce shekara daya da rayuwa ba.
Singer ya mutu a 1938 a cikin Apartment, wanda aka located a Paris. An binne tokarsa a Faransa, kuma a tsakiyar 80s na karni na karshe, dan ya dage kan binne tokar mahaifinsa a makabartar Novodevichy a babban birnin Rasha.
