Luigi Cherubini (Luigi Cherubini): Biography na mawaki

Luigi Cherubini mawakin Italiya ne, mawaki kuma malami. Luigi Cherubini shine babban wakilin nau'in wasan opera na ceto. Maestro ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa a Faransa, amma har yanzu yana daukar Florence mahaifarsa.

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Ayyukan kade-kade na maestro ba kawai manyan Faransawa ne suka yaba ba, har ma da mawakan da aka girmama. Wasan opera na Luigi ba baƙon mutane ba ne. A cikin ayyukansa ya tabo matsalolin zamantakewa da siyasa na wancan lokacin.

Yarantaka da kuruciya

Maestro ya fito ne daga Florence. Ya yi sa'a da aka haife shi a cikin iyali mai kirkira. Uba da uwa sun yi farin ciki na gaske daga kayan fasaha masu kyau. Iyalin da basira suna yaba fasahar jama'a da kyawun garinsu.

Shugaban iyali ya sami ilimin kiɗa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rakiya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pergola. Luigi Cherubini ana iya kiransa mai sa'a lafiya. Wani lokaci uban ya kai dansa aiki, inda ya sami damar lura da ayyukan da ke faruwa a kan mataki.

Tun yana ƙuruciya, Luigi ya yi nazarin fasahar kiɗa a ƙarƙashin ja-gorancin mahaifinsa da baƙi da suka shiga gidan. Iyaye sun lura cewa an baiwa ɗan da baiwa ta musamman. Cherubini ya mallaki kayan kida da yawa ba tare da wahala ba. Yana da kyaun kunne da kwazon tsara waka.

Da fatan samun kyakkyawar rayuwa ga ɗansu, iyayensa sun aika shi zuwa Bologna zuwa Giuseppe Sarti. Na karshen ya riga ya sami matsayi na mashahurin mawaki da madugu. Luigi ya zama abokai da maestro, kuma da izininsa ya halarci taron jama'a a manyan coci-coci. An kuma baiwa matashin damar shiga dakin karatu na Sarti mai arziki.

Ba da jimawa ba ya yi amfani da ilimin da ya samu a aikace. Maestro ya saita game da rubuta ayyukan kiɗa don kayan kida da yawa. Sannan ya kutsa cikin opera. Ba da daɗewa ba ya gabatar da Ilgiocatore Intermezzo ga jama'a.

Hanyar kirkira ta mawaki Luigi Cherubini

A cikin 1779, opera Quint Fabius ya fara farawa. An gudanar da aikin a daya daga cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a Faransa. Luigi, wanda bai kai girma ba, ba zato ba tsammani ga abokai da dangi, ya sami nasara kuma ya fara shahara. Don aikin da aka yi, mawallafin novice ya sami babban kuɗi.

Ya fara karbar umarni daga Turai. Luigi ya sami damar zama sananne a duk faɗin duniya. Bisa gayyatar da George III ya yi masa, ya koma Ingila. A cikin fadar sarki, ya rayu tsawon watanni. A wannan lokacin, ya wadata bankin piggy na kiɗa tare da ƙananan ayyuka da yawa.

Ya ba da gudummawar da ba za a iya musantawa ba ga ci gaban wasan opera na Italiya na wancan lokacin. A kan mataki na Italiyanci gidan wasan kwaikwayo, darektoci shirya "opera seria", wanda ake bukata a cikin fitattun da'irori. Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan kiɗa na 1785-1788 akwai operas Demetrius da Iphigenia a Aulis.

Yunkurin mawakin zuwa Faransa

Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami damar zama a Faransa na ɗan lokaci. Ya yi amfani da damarsa ya zauna a wannan kasa mai launi har ya kai shekaru 55. A cikin wannan lokaci, yana sha'awar tunanin juyin juya halin Musulunci.

Luigi ya dauki lokaci mai yawa yana rubuta waƙoƙin yabo da jerin gwano. Ya kuma tsara wasannin kwaikwayo, wanda manufarsa ita ce shigar da mafi yawan mutane cikin matsalar zamantakewa da siyasa. Daga alkalami na maestro ya fito da "Yabon Pantheon" da "Yabo ga 'Yan Uwa". Rubuce-rubucen kide-kide sun yi daidai da kwatanta tunanin Faransawa a lokacin Babban juyin juya hali.

Luigi ya tashi daga canons na kiɗan Italiyanci. Ana iya kiran maestro mai kirkire-kirkire lafiya, tunda shi ne “mahaifin” irin wannan nau’in kamar “opera-ceto”. A cikin sababbin ayyukan kiɗa, yana amfani da hanyoyin da suka bayyana bayan gyare-gyaren kida na "Glukovsky". Eliza, Lodoiska, Hukunci da Fursuna - waɗannan da ɗimbin sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwar an bambanta su ta hanyar tsabta, sassa masu sauƙi da cikar siffofi.

Ba da daɗewa ba Luigi ya gabatar da masu sauraro ga aikin "Medea". An yi wasan opera a dandalin wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa Feydo. Masu sauraro da farin ciki sun yarda da halittar marubucin. Sun keɓe recitatives da arias, waɗanda suka ba da amana su yi wa ƙwararren ɗan wasa Pierre Gaveau.

Wani sabon mataki a cikin rayuwar maestro Luigi Cherubini

A 1875, Luigi da abokan aikinsa suka kafa Paris Conservatoire. Ya kai matsayin farfesa, yana nuna kansa a matsayin kwararre na gaske a fanninsa.

Maestro ya koyar da Jacques Francois Fromental Halévy. Dalibin bisa jagorancin hazikin mawaki, ya rubuta ayyuka da dama da suka kawo masa nasara da farin jini. Jacques ya koyi tushen abun da ke ciki daga littattafan Cherubini.

Lokacin da Napoleon ya kasance shugaban Faransa, Luigi ya ci gaba da kula da matsayinsa mai wahala. Duk da haka, sun ce sabon babban kwamandan a gaskiya bai ji daɗin aikin Cherubini ba. Dole ne maestro ya ciyar da lokaci mai yawa don inganta ayyukan Pygmalion da Abenseraghi ga talakawa.

Da farkon Mayarwar Bourbon, maestro ya sha wahala sosai. Bai iya rubuta manyan wakoki ba, don haka ya wadatu da rubuta kananan guda. Jama'a na gida sun yaba da taro don nadin sarauta na Louis XVIII da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na 1815.

A yau sunan Luigi yana da alaƙa da Requiem a C Minor. Maestro ya sadaukar da abun da ke ciki ga Louis Capeta, sarki na ƙarshe na "tsohuwar oda. Mawaƙin ya kasa yin watsi da jigon babbar addu'ar "Ave Maria".

Bugu da ari, bankin piggy na maestro ya cika da wani wasan opera mara mutuwa. Muna magana ne game da aikin kiɗa na Marquis de Brevilliers. Gabatar da wasan opera ya yi matukar burge jama'ar Faransa. Luigi ya yi nasarar ninka shahararsa.

Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri na maestro

Jita-jita ya nuna cewa mawakin ya kasance mai sha'awar ka'idodin makirci. Akwai gaskiyar cewa ya kasance memba na Masonic Lodge. Wannan ya wajabta maestro ya wanzu a cikin al'ummar maza masu ɓoye. Wataƙila saboda wannan dalili ne har yanzu masana tarihin ba su sami wani bayani game da rayuwarsa ta sirri Luigi ba.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mawaki

1. Ya rubuta operas guda uku. A yau, a kan mataki na sinimomi, za ka iya mafi sau da yawa ji dadin samar da ayyukan "Medea" da "Water Carrier".
2. Shahararriyar maestro ta kai kololuwa a cikin 1810s.
3. An saki wasan opera na ƙarshe na Cherubini, Ali Baba (Ali-Baba ou Les quarante voleurs), a cikin 1833.
4. Aikin mawaƙin ya zama rikon kwarya daga classicism zuwa romanticism.
5. Lokacin da aka tambayi Beethoven a cikin 1818 wanda ya ɗauka shine mafi girman maestro na zamani, ya amsa da "Cherubini".

Mutuwar Maestro Luigi Cherubini

Ya shafe shekaru goma na ƙarshe a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Conservatoire na Paris. Har ila yau, ya fara rubuta Course a cikin Counterpoint da Fugue. Luigi ya ɗauki lokaci mai yawa yana nazari tare da almajiransa.

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A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya zauna a wani gida a tsakiyar birnin Paris, don haka bayan mutuwarsa an kai shi makabartar Pere Lachaise. Ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1842. A wajen jana'izar babban mawakin, an yi daya daga cikin ayyukan Cherubini.