Ba za a iya tunanin kiɗan gargajiya ba tare da ƙwararrun wasan operas na mawaƙin Georg Friedrich Händel. Masu sukar fasaha sun tabbata cewa idan an haifi wannan nau'in daga baya, maestro na iya samun nasarar aiwatar da cikakkiyar gyara na nau'in kiɗan.
George mutum ne mai ban sha'awa mai ban mamaki. Bai ji tsoron yin gwaji ba. A cikin abubuwan da ya tsara za a iya jin ruhin ayyukan Ingilishi, Italiyanci da Jamusanci maestro. Haka kuma bai hakura da gasar ba, yana daukar kansa kusan Allah ne. Mummunan hali ya hana maestro gina rayuwa mai farin ciki.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
Ranar haihuwar maestro ita ce Maris 5, 1685. Ya fito ne daga ƙaramin garin Halle na lardin Jamus. A lokacin da aka haifi Handel, shugaban gidan ya wuce shekara 60. Iyayen sun yi renon yara shida. Mahaifiyar ta renon yaran bisa ga dokokin addini. Bayan haihuwar ɗan George, matar ta haifi 'ya'ya da yawa.
Handel na sha'awar kiɗa ya haɓaka da wuri. Wannan bai dace da shugaban iyali ba, wanda ya yi mafarkin cewa George zai mallaki aikin lauya. Yaron ya kasance da ra'ayi iri ɗaya. A gefe guda kuma, ya ɗauki sana’ar mawaƙa a matsayin abin banza (a wancan lokacin, kusan duk mazauna Yammacin Turai suna tunanin haka). Amma, a daya bangaren, aikin kirkire-kirkire ne ya karfafa shi.
Tuni yana da shekaru 4 ya buga garaya daidai. Mahaifinsa ya hana shi buga kayan aiki, don haka Georg ya jira har sai kowa a gidan ya yi barci. Da dare, Handel ya hau cikin soro (ana ajiye garaya a can) kuma ya yi nazarin nuances na sautin kayan kida da kansa.
Georg Friedrich Händel: Yarda da sha'awar ɗa
Halin mahaifinsa game da kiɗa ya canza lokacin da ɗansa yana ɗan shekara 7. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan ya bayyana ra'ayinsa game da basirar Handel, wanda zai shawo kan shugaban iyali ya tuba. Duke ya kira George mai hazaka na gaske kuma ya yi kira ga mahaifinsa da ya taimaka wajen haɓaka basirarsa.
Tun 1694, mawaƙin Friedrich Wilhelm Zachau ya tsunduma cikin ilimin kiɗa na yaron. Godiya ga ƙoƙarin malamin, Handel ya ƙware wajen kunna kayan kida da yawa lokaci guda.
Mutane da yawa masu suka suna kiran wannan lokaci na tarihin rayuwarsa da samuwar halayen Handel. Zachau ya zama ba kawai malami ba, har ma ya zama tauraro mai jagora na gaske.
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 11, Georg ya ɗauki matsayin abokin rakiya. Fasahar kiɗa na ƙwararrun matasa sun burge mai zaɓe na Brandenburg Frederick I sosai cewa bayan wasan kwaikwayon ya gayyaci George ya yi masa hidima. Amma kafin shiga hidimar, an tilasta wa Handel samun ilimi.
Zaɓe, zai ba uban don aika yaron zuwa Italiya. An tilasta wa shugaban iyali ya ƙi wani babban sarki. Ya damu da dansa, bai so ya bar shi ya yi nisa ba. Sai kawai bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Handel ya iya zubar da basirarsa da sha'awarsa.
Ya yi karatunsa a garinsu na Gall, kuma a shekarar 1702 ya fara karatun shari'a da tiyoloji a jami'ar Gall. Abin takaici, bai kammala karatunsa na gaba ba. A ƙarshe, sha'awar zama mawaƙa ta mamaye shi gaba ɗaya.
Hanyar kirkira da kiɗan mawaƙin Georg Friedrich Händel
A wancan zamani, kawai a cikin yankin Hamburg akwai gidan wasan opera. Mazaunan al'adu na kasashen Turai sun kira Hamburg babban birnin yammacin Turai. Godiya ga goyon bayan Reinhard Kaiser, Georg ya sami damar shiga mataki na gidan wasan opera. Saurayin ya maye gurbin mawaƙin violin da masu kaɗe-kaɗe.
Ba da daɗewa ba aka gabatar da wasan operas na farko na babban maestro. Muna magana ne game da halittun kida na "Almira" da "Nero". Abin lura shi ne cewa yawancin wasan opera ana yin su ne a cikin yaren Italiyanci. Gaskiyar ita ce, Handel ya ɗauki harshen Jamus rashin kunya don irin waɗannan dalilai na soyayya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka gabatar da operas ɗin opera a dandalin wasan kwaikwayo na gida.
An yi ta ƙoƙarin Handel akai-akai don samun manyan masu daraja don umarni na sirri. Alal misali, a kan nacewar dangin Medici, an tilasta masa ya ƙaura zuwa Italiya. A can, ya koya wa yara yadda ake yin kida iri-iri. Wannan iyali sun yaba da mawakin, har ma sun dauki nauyin sakin abubuwan da maigidan ya yi a baya.
Handel ya yi sa'a saboda ya faru ya ziyarci Venice da Roma. Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, ya gagara shirya wasan opera a yankunan waɗannan jihohin. Handel ya sami mafita. A cikin wannan lokacin yana tsara oratorios. Abun da ke ciki "The Triumph of Time and Truth" ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman.
Bayan isowa Florence, maigidan ya shirya wasan opera Rodrigo (1707), kuma a Venice - Agrippina (1709). Lura cewa aikin ƙarshe yana ɗaukar mafi kyawun opera da aka rubuta a Italiya.
A cikin 1710 maestro ya ziyarci Burtaniya. A cikin wannan lokacin, wasan opera ya fara fitowa a cikin jihar. Zaɓaɓɓun kaɗan ne kawai suka ji labarin wannan nau'in kiɗan. A cewar masana tarihi na fasaha, mawaƙa kaɗan ne suka rage a ƙasar a lokacin. Bayan isowa Burtaniya, Anna ta ɗauki Handel a matsayin mai ceto. Ta yi fatan zai wadata al'adun gargajiyar kasar.
Gwaje-gwaje na Maestro Georg Friedrich Handel
A yankin Landan mai ban sha'awa, ya shirya ɗayan operas mafi ƙarfi a cikin repertore. Game da Rinaldo ne. A lokaci guda kuma, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na operas The Faithful Shepherd da Theseus. Masu sauraro da farin ciki sun yarda da halittar maigidan. Irin wannan kyakkyawar maraba ta zaburar da mawaƙin don rubuta Utrecht Te Deum.
Lokaci ya yi da George zai gwada kiɗa. A cikin 1716, salon Hanover ya motsa shi don gwada nau'in Passion. Ƙaunar Brox ta nuna a sarari cewa ba duk nau'ikan kiɗan ke cikin ikon babban maestro ba. Bai gamsu da sakamakon ba. Masu sauraro kuma sun karɓi aikin a hankali. Zagayowar suites "Music on the Water" ya taimaka wajen dawo da suna. Zagayen ayyukan ya ƙunshi abubuwan raye-raye.
Masana tarihi na zane-zane sun yi imanin cewa maestro ya haifar da zagayowar abubuwan da aka gabatar don sasantawa tare da Sarki George I. Handel ya yi hidima ga mai martaba, amma bai ba da kansa gabaɗaya ga aikinsa ba. Sarkin ya yaba da irin wannan uzuri na asali daga mawakin. "Music on the Water" ya burge Georg sosai. Ya nemi sau da yawa ya maimaita abin da aka fi so na halitta.
Ragewar mawakin cikin farin jini
Georg a duk rayuwarsa ya yi imani da gaske cewa ba shi da, kuma ba zai iya samun, masu fafatawa ba. Maestro ya fara cin karo da jin hassada a cikin 1720. A lokacin ne shahararren mai suna Giovanni Bononcini ya ziyarci kasar. Sa'an nan Giovanni ya jagoranci Royal Academy of Music. A bukatar Anna, Bononchini ya kuma haɓaka nau'in wasan opera a jihar. Ba da da ewa maestro gabatar ga jama'a halittar "Astarte" da kuma gaba daya rufe nasarar da opera "Radamista" Handel. George ya yi baƙin ciki. Wani baƙar fata na gaske ya fara a rayuwarsa.
Ayyukan da daga baya suka fito daga alkalami Handel sun zama gazawa (ban da opera "Julius Kaisar"). Maestro ya sami damuwa. Mawaƙin ya ji kamar marar gaskiya wanda ba shi da ikon rubuta manyan ayyukan kiɗa.
Georg ya gane cewa abubuwan da ya yi ba su dace da sababbin abubuwa ba. A taƙaice, sun tsufa. Handel ya tafi Italiya don sababbin abubuwan gani. Daga bisani, ayyukan da master m ya zama na gargajiya da kuma m. Don haka, mawallafin ya sami nasarar farfado da haɓaka wasan opera a Burtaniya.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1738, a lokacin rayuwarsa, an gina wani abin tunawa ga shahararren mawaki. Don haka, maestro ya yanke shawarar ba da gudummawar da ba za a iya musantawa ba don haɓaka kiɗan gargajiya.
Duk da fa'idodin mawaƙin, masu zamani suna tunawa da shi a matsayin mutumin da ba shi da daɗi sosai. Ya sha wahala daga lalata kuma bai san yadda ake yin sutura ba. Ƙari ga haka, ya kasance azzalumi. Handel zai iya buga muguwar barkwanci cikin sauƙi ta hanyar mutum.
Don cimma matsayi mai kyau, a zahiri ya yi tafiya a kan kawunansu. Saboda kasancewarsa memba na ƙwararrun al'umma, Georg ya sami aminai masu amfani waɗanda suka taimaka masa ya hau matakin aiki.
Mutum ne mai taurin kai da halin tawaye. Bai taba yin nasarar samun abokiyar zama mai cancanta ba. Bai bar magada a bayansa ba. Marubutan tarihin Handel sun tabbata cewa saboda mugun zafin maestro ne kawai ya kasa dandana soyayya. Ba shi da wanda ya fi so, kuma ba ya zaluntar matan.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mawaki
- Maestro ya kamu da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, sakamakon haka an dauke masa yatsu 4 a bangaren hagunsa. Hakika, ba zai iya buga kayan kida ba kamar da. Wannan ya girgiza yanayin tunanin Handel, kuma, a sanya shi a hankali, ya yi rashin dacewa.
- Har zuwa karshen kwanakinsa, ya yi karatun kiɗa kuma an lasafta shi a matsayin jagoran makaɗa.
- Ya ƙaunaci fasahar zane-zane. Har sai hangen nesa ya bar babban maestro, sau da yawa yana sha'awar zane-zane.
- An bude gidan kayan gargajiya na farko don girmama maestro a cikin 1948 a gidan da aka haifi Georg.
- Ya raina masu fafatawa kuma yana iya sukar aikinsu ta amfani da kalamai marasa kyau.
Shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwar mahalicci
Tun daga shekarun 1740, ya rasa ganinsa. Bayan shekaru 10 kawai, mawaki ya yanke shawarar yin aikin tiyata. A cewar masana tarihi, John Taylor ne ya aiwatar da wannan gagarumin aiki. Yin tiyata ya kara tsananta yanayin maestro. A 1953, bai ga kusan kome ba. Ba zai iya tsara abubuwan ƙira ba, don haka ya ɗauki matsayin madugu.
Afrilu 14, 1759 ya mutu. Yana da shekaru 74 a duniya. An buga a cikin jaridu cewa dalilin mutuwar maestro shine "cin abinci na pathological."
