George Gershwin mawaki ne kuma mawaki Ba’amurke. Ya yi juyin juya hali na gaske a cikin kiɗa. George - ya rayu a takaice amma mai wuce yarda arziki m rayuwa. Arnold Schoenberg ya ce game da aikin maestro:
“Ya kasance daya daga cikin mawakan da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, wadanda waka ba ta zo ga batun girma ko karami ba. Kiɗa ce masa iska...".
Yarantaka da kuruciya
An haife shi a yankin Brooklyn. Iyayen George ba su da alaƙa da kerawa. Shugaban iyali da uwa sun haifi yara hudu. Tun daga ƙuruciya, George ya bambanta ta hanyar ba mafi kyawun hali - ya yi yaƙi, yana jayayya kuma ba a bambanta da juriya ba.
Da zarar ya yi sa'a ya ji wani kiɗa na Antonin Dvorak - "Humoresque". Ya ƙaunaci kaɗe-kaɗe na gargajiya kuma ya yi mafarkin koyon wasan piano da violin tun daga lokacin. Max Rosen, wanda ya yi a kan mataki tare da aikin Dvorak, ya yarda ya yi karatu tare da George. Ba da daɗewa ba Gershwin ya buga waƙoƙin da yake so akan piano.
George ba shi da ilimin kiɗa na musamman, amma duk da haka, ya sami abin rayuwa ta wurin yin wasanni a gidajen abinci da mashaya. Tun yana ɗan shekara 20, ya rayu ne kawai akan kuɗin sarauta kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin kudin shiga.
Hanyar kirkira ta George Gershwin
A lokacin aikinsa na kirkire-kirkire, ya kirkiro wakoki dari uku, kade-kade 9, wasan operas da dama da kuma wasu kide-kide na piano. "Porgy da Bess" da "Rhapsody in the Blues Style" har yanzu ana la'akari da alamunsa.
Akwai irin wannan almara game da ƙirƙirar rhapsody: Paul Whiteman ya so ya nuna salon kiɗan da ya fi so. Ya tambayi George ya ƙirƙiri wani muhimmin yanki na kiɗa don ƙungiyar makaɗarsa. Gershwin, mai shakku game da aikin, har ma ya so ya ƙi haɗin gwiwa. Amma babu wani zaɓi - Bulus ya riga ya tallata fitaccen aikin nan gaba, kuma George ba shi da wani zaɓi sai ya fara rubuta aikin.
Mawaƙin kiɗan "Rhapsody in the Blues Style" George ya rubuta a ƙarƙashin tunanin balaguron Turai na shekaru uku. Wannan shi ne aikin farko da aka bayyana sabuwar fasahar Gershwin. Bidi'a ta haɗe na gargajiya da waƙa, jazz da almara.
Ba ƙaramin ban sha'awa ba shine labarin Porgy da Bess. Lura cewa wannan shine wasan kwaikwayo na farko a tarihin Amurka, wanda zai iya samun halartar masu kallo na jinsi daban-daban. Ya tsara wannan aikin ne a ƙarƙashin tunanin rayuwa a wani ƙaramin ƙauyen Negro a jihar South Carolina. Bayan fara wasan kwaikwayon, masu sauraro sun yi wa maestro jinjina.
"Clara's Lullaby" - sau da yawa a cikin opera. Masoyan kiɗan gargajiya sun san yanki azaman lokacin bazara. Ana kiran abun da ke ciki mafi mashahurin halitta na karni na 20. An yi ta rufe aikin akai-akai. Jita-jita ya nuna cewa mawakin ya yi wahayi zuwa ga rubuta Summertime ta Ukrainian lullaby "Oh, sleep around vikon". George ya ji aikin a lokacin yawon shakatawa na ƙungiyar ƙaramar muryar Rasha a Amurka.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar mawaƙin na sirri
George mutum ne mai iyawa. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya kasance mai sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa, wasan dawaki da dambe. A lokacin da ya girma, zane-zane da wallafe-wallafen sun kasance cikin jerin abubuwan sha'awarsa.
Bayan kansa, mawaki ya bar magada. Bai yi aure ba, amma wannan baya nufin cewa rayuwarsa ta sirri ta kasance mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Alexandra Blednykh, wanda asalinsa aka jera a matsayin dalibi na mawaƙa, ya zauna a cikin zuciyarsa na dogon lokaci. Yarinyar ta rabu da George lokacin da ta gane cewa ba za ta jira neman aure daga gare shi ba.
Sa'an nan kuma an ga maestro a cikin dangantaka da Kay Swift. A lokacin taron an daura auren matar. Ta bar mijinta na hukuma don fara dangantaka da George. Ma'auratan sun rayu a karkashin rufin asiri guda har tsawon shekaru 10.
Bai taba neman yarinyar ba, amma hakan bai hana masoyan kulla kyakkyawar alaka ba. Lokacin da soyayya ta wuce, matasa sun yi magana, suna yanke shawarar kawo ƙarshen soyayya.
A cikin 30s, ya ƙaunaci ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Paulette Goddard. Mawakin ya furta soyayyar sa ga yarinyar har sau uku kuma sau uku an ki. Paulette ta auri Charlie Chaplin, don haka ba za ta iya ramawa maestro ba.
Mutuwar George Gershwin
Ko da yana yaro, George wani lokaci yana katsewa daga duniyar waje. Har zuwa ƙarshen 30s, asalin aikin kwakwalwar maestro bai hana shi ƙirƙirar manyan abubuwan fasaha na gaske ba.
Amma, ba da daɗewa ba magoya bayansa sun gano game da ƙaramin sirri na babban hazaka. Yayin da yake yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki, mawaƙin ya ɓace hayyacinsa. Ya kasance yana kokawa game da migraines da dizziness. Likitoci sun danganta wadannan alamomin da yawan aiki kuma sun shawarci George da ya dan huta. Halin ya canza bayan an gano shi da mummunan neoplasm.
Likitoci sun yi aikin gaggawa, amma hakan ya kara tsananta matsayin mawakin. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 38 daga cutar kansar kwakwalwa.
