Georges Bizet fitaccen mawaki ne kuma mawaƙin Faransanci. Ya yi aiki a zamanin romanticism. A lokacin rayuwarsa, wasu daga cikin ayyukan maestro masu sukar kiɗa da masu sha'awar kiɗan gargajiya sun musanta. Fiye da shekaru 100 za su shuɗe, kuma abubuwan da ya halitta za su zama ainihin gwaninta. A yau, ana jin waƙoƙin Bizet na rashin mutuwa a cikin fitattun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a duniya.
Yaro da matasa Georges Bizet
An haife shi a birnin Paris a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1838. Ya sami damar ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kiɗan. Yaron ya taso ne a cikin dangi na farko masu hankali. Ana yawan kunna kiɗa a gidan Bizet.
Mahaifiyar Georges ’yar wasan pian ce mai daraja, kuma an jera ɗan’uwanta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman murya. A karo na farko bayan haihuwar dansa, shugaban iyali ya shirya wani karamin kasuwanci na sayar da wigs. Daga nan, ya fara koyar da vocals, ba tare da samun ilimin profile a bayansa ba.
Bizet yana son kiɗa. Ba kamar takwarorinsu ba, yaron yana son koyo. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya ƙware a cikin kiɗan kiɗa, bayan haka mahaifiyarsa ta yanke shawarar koya wa ɗanta wasan piano.
Yana dan shekara shida ya tafi makaranta. An yi wa yaron darasi cikin sauki. Musamman ma, ya nuna sha'awar karatu da adabin gargajiya.
Lokacin da mahaifiyar ta ga cewa karatun ya fara mamaye kiɗa, ta sarrafa cewa Bizet yana ciyar da akalla sa'o'i 5 a rana a piano. Yana da shekaru goma, ya shiga cikin Paris Conservatory of Music. Georges bai kunyata mahaifiyarsa ba.
Ya na da ban mamaki ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ji. Godiya ga basirarsa, yaron ya riƙe lambar yabo ta farko a hannunsa, wanda ya ba shi damar ɗaukar darussan kyauta daga Pierre Zimmermann. Azuzuwan farko sun nuna cewa Bizet na son tsara abubuwan ƙira.
Haɗa waƙoƙin kiɗa gaba ɗaya ya kama shi. A cikin wannan lokacin, ya rubuta kusan ayyuka goma sha biyu. Kaico, ba za a iya rarraba su a matsayin masu hazaka ba, amma su ne suka nuna wa matashin mawaki irin kura-kurai da ya kamata ya yi aiki akai.
A cikin layi daya da ayyukan tsarawa, ya fara kunna kayan kida a cikin ajin Farfesa Francois Benois. A cikin wannan lokacin, ya sami damar samun wasu kyaututtuka masu daraja.
Hanyar kirkira da kiɗan mawaƙin Georges Bizet
A cikin shekarun karatu, maestro ya kirkiro aikinsa na farko mai haske. Wannan ita ce Symphony a cikin manyan C. Abin lura shi ne cewa al'umma na zamani sun iya jin dadin sauti na abun da ke ciki kawai a cikin 30s na karni na karshe. A lokacin ne aka fitar da aikin daga rumbun adana kayan tarihi na Paris Conservatory.
Masu zamani sun san aikin mawaƙin a lokacin abin da ake kira gasar, wanda Jacques Offenbach ya shirya. Mahalarta gasar sun fuskanci wani aiki mai wuyar gaske - don rubuta wasan ban dariya na kiɗa wanda haruffa da yawa za su shiga lokaci guda. Duk da matsalolin, Bizet yana da abin da zai yi yaƙi don. Jacques ya yi wa wanda ya lashe kyautar kyautar zinare, da kuma fiye da franc 1000. A kan mataki, maestro ya gabatar da operetta mai ban dariya "Doctor Miracle". Ya zama wanda ya lashe gasar.
Wani ɗan lokaci kaɗan zai wuce, kuma zai shiga gasar kiɗa ta gaba. A wannan lokacin, ya gabatar wa jama'a ƙwararrun cantata Clovis da Clotilde. Ya sami tallafi kuma ya yi horo na tsawon shekara a Roma.
Matashi Georges ya burge da kyawun Italiya. Halin gida, shimfidar wurare masu ban sha'awa da kwanciyar hankali da ke cikin birni sun ƙarfafa shi don ƙirƙirar ayyuka da yawa. A wannan lokacin, ya buga wasan opera Don Procopio, da kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran Ode-Symphony Vasco da Gamma.
Zuwan gida
A cikin 60th shekara, ya aka tilasta komawa zuwa cikin ƙasa na Paris. Ya samu labari daga mahaifarsa cewa mahaifiyarsa ba ta da lafiya. A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, ya kasance a gefen. Bacin rai ya kama shi. A wannan lokacin, ya fara rubuta ayyukan nishaɗi. Bugu da ƙari, ya ba da darussan kiɗa na sirri. Bizet bai ɗauki aikin rubuta manyan ayyuka ba, waɗanda a hankali imaninsa a kan kansa ya ɓace.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ya kasance mai nasara na Roma, alhakin rubuta aikin ban dariya "Opera-Comic" ya fadi a kan kafadu na maestro. Duk da haka, ya kasa ɗaukar abubuwan da ke cikin aikin. A cikin shekara ta 61, mahaifiyarsa ta rasu, kuma bayan shekara guda, malaminsa kuma mai ba shi shawara. Abubuwan da suka faru masu ban tsoro sun ɗauki ƙarfin ƙarshe daga maestro.
Bayan 'yan shekaru ne kawai ya koma kansa. A wannan lokacin, ya ƙirƙira wasan operas The Pearl Seekers and The Beauty of Perth. Ayyukan sun sami karɓuwa ba kawai ta hanyar masu sha'awar gargajiya ba, har ma da masu sukar kiɗa.
Yarinyar kerawa
Bizet ya buɗe a matsayin mawaki a cikin 70s. A cikin wannan lokaci ne aka fara nuna Jamila a wurin da aka fi sani da Opera Comic Theater. Masu sukar kiɗan sun yaba da ƙa'idodin Larabci da cikakken haske na yanki. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya shirya rakiyar kida zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na Alphonse Daudet The Arlesian. Kash, wasan kwaikwayon ya kasa.
Wasan opera "Carmen" ya zama kololuwar aikin maestro. Abin sha'awa shine, a lokacin rayuwarsa, ba a gane aikin ba. Ta kasance masu raina ta a zamanin Bizet. An soki abin da aka samar, inda aka kira shi lalata da rashin amfani. Amma, wata hanya ko wata, opera an yi shi fiye da sau 40. Masu kallon wasan kwaikwayo sun kalli wasan ne saboda sha'awar, tunda maestro ya mutu a cikin wannan lokacin.
Jama'a na Burgeois ba su yarda da aikin ba, suna zargin maestro da lalata, kuma masu sukar kiɗa na babban birnin Faransa sun yi ba'a. “Wace gaskiya! Amma abin kunya!
Abin baƙin ciki shine, mawaki da mawaƙa ba su daɗe ba kafin a gane hazakar halittarsa. Bayan shekara guda, mawaƙan da ake girmamawa sun yaba aikin, amma Bizet bai yi sa'a ba don jin abin da suka ce musamman game da opera da ya ƙirƙira.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar Georges Bizet na sirri
Bizet tabbas yayi nasara tare da mafi kyawun jima'i. Ƙaunar farko ta mawakin ita ce ɗan Italiya mai ban sha'awa mai suna Giuseppa. Dangantaka ba ta ci gaba ba saboda dalilin da maestro ya bar Italiya, kuma yarinyar ba ta so ta tafi tare da masoyi.
A wani lokaci ya fara sha'awar wata mace da al'umma suka fi sani da Madame Mogador. Bizet bai tsorata ba ganin cewa matar ta girmi mawakin da yawa. Bugu da kari, Madame Mogador ta yi kaurin suna a cikin al'umma. Bizet bai ji daɗin matar ba, amma ya daɗe ya kasa yanke shawarar barin ta. Tare da ita, ya sha fama da sauyin yanayi. Lokacin da wannan alakar ta ƙare, ɓacin rai ya mamaye shi.
Ya sami farin ciki na gaske na namiji tare da 'yar malaminsa Fromental Halévy, Genevieve. Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, iyayen yarinyar sun yi adawa da wannan auren. Sun yi iyakacin kokarinsu wajen hana 'yarsu auren talakan Georges. Ƙauna ta zama mai ƙarfi, kuma ma'auratan sun yi aure.
A lokacin yakin Franco-Prussian, an sanya shi cikin Tsaro, amma an sake shi da sauri saboda shi Masanin Rum ne. Bayan haka, ya ɗauki matarsa ya koma ƙasar Paris.
A wannan aure, ma'auratan sun haifi ɗa. An yi ta yayata cewa Bizet ma tana da magaji daga wata baiwa. Bayan da aka tabbatar da wannan jita-jita game da shege, sai matar ta fusata da mijinta, kuma ta fara kulla alaka da wani marubuci na gida. Georges ya san wannan, kuma ya damu matuka cewa matarsa ba za ta bar shi ba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mawaki
- Alexandre Cesar Leopold Bizet shine sunan gaskiya na babban mawaki.
- Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai suka. Da zarar an ba shi matsayi mai daraja a ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun littattafan Faransanci.
- Georges ya kasance kyakkyawan ɗan wasan piano. Kwarewarsa ta farantawa ba kawai 'yan kallo na yau da kullun ba, har ma da ƙwararrun malaman kiɗa. An kira Bizet mai nagarta daga Allah.
- An manta sunan maestro shekaru da yawa da yawa. Sha'awa a cikin aikin mawaki ya tashi ne kawai a cikin karni na 20, a hankali ya fara ambatonsa sau da yawa.
- Bai sami ɗalibai ba kuma bai zama wanda ya kafa sabuwar alkiblar kiɗa ba.
Shekarun Ƙarshe na Georges Bizet
Mutuwar babban maestro tana cikin rufa-rufa ne da asirai. Ya tafi daga yankin Bougival. Shi da iyalinsa sun je wurin hutun bazara. Iyalin, tare da kuyanga, suna zaune a wani gida mai hawa biyu na alfarma.
A watan Mayu, ya yi rashin lafiya, amma hakan bai hana mutumin tafiya da ƙafa zuwa ɗaya daga cikin koguna a ƙarshen bazarar 75 ba. Yana son yin iyo. Duk da cewa matar ta dage cewa kada mijinta ya yi iyo, bai saurare ta ba.
Washegari, ciwon kansa da zazzabi ya tsananta. Bayan kwana guda, ya daina jin gabobinsa. Bayan kwana guda, Bizet ta sami bugun zuciya. Likitan da ya isa gidan mawakin ya yi duk mai yiyuwa don ya ceci rayuwarsa, amma hakan bai sa shi jin dadi ba. Washegari yayi kusan sumamme. Ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1875. Dalilin mutuwar maestro ya kasance mai rikitarwa a zuciya.
Sa’ad da wani abokinsa na kud da kud ya sami labarin bala’in, nan da nan ya zo wurin iyalin. Ya sami yankan raunuka a wuyan mawakin. Ya ba da shawarar cewa dalilin mutuwar zai iya zama kisa. Bugu da ƙari, kusa da shi akwai wanda ya so ya mutu, wato masoyin matarsa - Delaborde. Af, bayan jana'izar, Delaborde ya yi yunƙuri da yawa na auren matar maestro, amma ta ƙi shi.
Masana tarihin rayuwa sun ce wani abin da zai iya haifar da mutuwar maestro shine yunkurin kashe kansa bayan gabatar da wasan opera Carmen da bai yi nasara ba. A cewarsu, mawakin ya yi ƙoƙari ya mutu da kansa. Wannan yana bayyana kasancewar alamun da aka yanka akan wuyansa.
