Leonard Cohen yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa (idan ba mafi nasara ba) mawaƙa-mawaƙa na ƙarshen 1960s, kuma ya gudanar da kula da masu sauraro fiye da shekaru sittin na ƙirƙirar kiɗa.
Mawakin ya ja hankalin masu suka da mawakan matasa cikin nasara fiye da duk wani mawakan kida na shekarun 1960 wanda ya ci gaba da aiki a karni na XNUMX.
Marubuci mai hazaka kuma mawaki Leonard Cohen
An haifi Cohen a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1934 ga dangin Yahudawa masu matsakaicin matsayi a Westmount, wani yanki na Montreal, Quebec, Kanada. Mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwan tufafi ne (wanda kuma ya yi digiri a fannin injiniyanci), wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1943 lokacin da Cohen ke da shekaru tara.
Mahaifiyarsa ce ta ƙarfafa Cohen a matsayin marubuci. Halinsa ga kiɗa ya fi tsanani.
Ya zama mai sha'awar guitar yana da shekaru 13 don burge yarinya. Koyaya, Leonard ya isa ya buga waƙoƙin ƙasa da na yamma a cikin cafes na gida, kuma ya ci gaba da ƙirƙirar Buckskin Boys.
A 17, ya shiga Jami'ar McGill. A wannan lokacin yana rubuta wakoki da gaske kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙaramin jami'a na karkashin kasa da na bohemian.
Cohen yayi karatun matsakaici, amma yayi rubutu sosai, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta McNorton.
Shekara guda bayan barin makaranta, Leonard ya buga littafinsa na farko na waƙa. An sami sake dubawa masu kyau amma an sayar da shi mara kyau. A cikin 1961, Cohen ya buga littafinsa na waƙa na biyu, wanda ya zama nasarar kasuwanci ta duniya.
Ya ci gaba da buga aikinsa, ciki har da litattafai da yawa, Wasan da aka fi so (1963) da The Beautiful Losers (1966), da tarin wakoki Flowers for Hitler (1964) da Parasites of Heaven (1966). ).
Komawa zuwa kiɗan Leonard Cohen
A wannan lokacin ne Leonard ya sake fara rubuta kiɗa. Judy Collins ta ƙara waƙar Suzanne tare da waƙoƙin Cohen a cikin repertore ɗinta kuma ta haɗa ta a cikin kundinta A Rayuwata.
Ana watsa rikodin Suzanne akai-akai akan rediyo. Daga baya Cohen kuma ya fito a matsayin marubucin waƙa akan kundi Dress Rehearsal Rag.
Collins ne ya shawo kan Cohen ya koma yin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya yi watsi da shi a lokacin karatunsa. Ya fara halarta a karon a lokacin bazara na 1967 a Bikin Jama'a na Newport, sannan ya biyo bayan kide-kide masu inganci a New York.
Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka ga Cohen ya yi a Newport shine John Hammond Sr., fitaccen furodusa wanda aikinsa ya fara a cikin 1930s. Ya yi aiki tare da Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman da Bob Dylan.
Hammond ya sanya hannu kan Cohen zuwa Columbia Records kuma ya taimaka masa yin rikodin waƙoƙin Leonard Cohen, wanda aka saki kafin Kirsimeti 1967.
Duk da cewa albam din ba a yi la'akari da shi sosai da kida ba, amma aikin ya zama abin burgewa a cikin da'irar mawaka da mawaƙa.
A cikin zamanin da miliyoyin masu son kiɗa suka saurari ramuka a cikin faifai na Bob Dylan da Simon & Garfunkel, da sauri Cohen ya sami ƴan ƙarami amma masu sadaukarwa. Daliban kwaleji sun sayi bayanansa da dubbai; shekaru biyu bayan fitowar, an sayar da rikodin tare da rarraba fiye da kwafi dubu 100.
Waƙoƙin Leonard Cohen sun kasance kusa da masu sauraro cewa Cohen ya zama sananne kusan nan take.
Dangane da tarihin aikinsa na kiɗa, ya kusan yin watsi da sauran sana'arsa - a cikin 1968 ya buga sabon kundin wakoki mai suna Selected Poems: 1956-1968, wanda ya haɗa da tsofaffi da kuma ayyukan da aka buga kwanan nan. Don wannan tarin, ya sami lambar yabo daga Babban Gwamnan Kanada.
A wannan lokacin, ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na yanayin dutsen. Na dan lokaci, Cohen ya zauna a Otal din New York Chelsea, inda makwabtansa Janis Joplin ne da wasu fitattun mutane, wasu daga cikinsu suna da tasiri kai tsaye a kan wakokinsa.
Melancholy a matsayin babban jigon kerawa
Kundin sa na biye da wakoki daga Daki (1969) yana da mahimmin ruhin melancholy - har ma da ɗanɗano mai kuzari guda ɗaya A Bunch of Lonesome Heroes ya zurfafa cikin baƙin ciki mai zurfi, kuma Cohen ba ya rubuta waƙa ɗaya kwata-kwata.
Mawakin Partisan ya kasance labari mai duhu na musabbabi da sakamakon juriya ga zalunci, wanda ke nuna layi kamar Ta mutu ba tare da wani raɗaɗi ba ("Ta mutu shiru"), kuma tana ɗauke da hotunan iska da ke kada kaburbura.
Daga baya Joan Baez ta sake yin rikodin waƙar, kuma a cikin aikinta ya kasance mai daɗi da ƙarfafawa ga mai sauraro.
Gabaɗaya, kundin ɗin bai sami nasara a kasuwanci da mahimmanci fiye da aikin da ya gabata ba. Ayyukan Bob Johnston (kusan mafi ƙanƙanta) ya sa kundin ya zama mai ban sha'awa. Kodayake kundin yana da waƙoƙi da yawa Birdon the Wire da Labarin Ishaku, waɗanda suka zama masu fafatawa don kundi na farko na Suzanne.
Labarin Ishaku, wani misalin kida da ke jujjuya hotunan Littafi Mai Tsarki game da Vietnam, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi haske kuma mafi raɗaɗi na ƙungiyar yaƙi da yaƙi. A cikin wannan aikin, Cohen ya nuna matakin basirarsa na kiɗa da rubuce-rubuce, kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Al'amarin Nasara
Cohen bazai kasance sanannen mai wasan kwaikwayo ba, amma muryarsa ta musamman, da kuma ƙarfin basirar rubuce-rubucensa, ya taimaka masa samun dama ga mafi kyawun masu fasaha na dutse.
Ya bayyana a 1970 Isle of Wight Festival a Ingila, inda taurarin dutse ciki har da almara irin su Jimi Hendrix suka taru. Da yake kallon abin ban tsoro a gaban irin waɗannan taurarin, Cohen ya buga gita mai ƙarfi a gaban masu sauraron mutane 600.
Ta wata hanya, Cohen ya maimaita wani al'amari mai kama da wanda Bob Dylan ya ji daɗi kafin rangadinsa a farkon 1970s. Sa'an nan mutane suka sayi albums nasa da goma, kuma wani lokacin daruruwan dubban.
Magoya bayan sun yi kama da suna ganinsa a matsayin sabon dan wasa kuma na musamman. Game da waɗannan masu fasaha guda biyu sun koyi ta hanyar baki fiye da na rediyo ko talabijin.
Haɗin kai tare da cinema
Kundin Cohen na uku Songs of Love and Hate (1971) yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa mafi ƙarfi, cike da waƙoƙi masu raɗaɗi da kiɗan da suke daidai da kyawu da ƙarancin ƙima.
An sami ma'auni godiya ga muryoyin Cohen. Ya zuwa yau, fitattun waƙoƙin su ne: Joan of Arc, Dress Rehearsal Rag (Judy Collins ta rubuta) da kuma Shahararriyar Blue Raincoat.
Kundin wakokin soyayya da ƙiyayya, haɗe da farkon buga Suzanne, ya kawo Cohen babban tushen fan a duniya.
Cohen ya sami kansa da bukatarsa a duniyar fina-finai na kasuwanci, kamar yadda darekta Robert Altman ya yi amfani da waƙarsa a cikin fim ɗinsa na fim McCabe da Mrs. Miller (1971), wanda ya buga Warren Beatty da Julie Christie.
A shekara mai zuwa, Leonard Cohen kuma ya buga sabon tarin wakoki, Makamashi na Slave. A cikin 1973 ya fito da kundi na Leonard Cohen: Waƙoƙin Live.
A cikin 1973, waƙarsa ta zama ginshiƙi don samar da wasan kwaikwayo Sisters of Mercy, wanda Gene Lesser ya haifa kuma ya dogara ne akan rayuwar Cohen ko kuma sigar rayuwar sa.
Break da sababbin ayyuka
Kimanin shekaru uku ne suka wuce tsakanin fitowar Wakokin Soyayya da Kiyayya da kuma kundi na gaba na Cohen. Yawancin magoya baya da masu suka sun ɗauka cewa Live-album shine batu a cikin aikin mai zane.
Duk da haka, ya shagaltu da yin wasa a Amurka da Turai a 1971 da 1972, kuma a lokacin yakin Yom Kippur a 1973 ya bayyana a Isra'ila. A wannan lokacin ne kuma ya fara aiki tare da ɗan wasan pianist kuma mai shiryawa John Lissauer, wanda ya ɗauka hayar don samar da kundi na gaba, New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974).
Wannan kundin ya zama kamar yana rayuwa daidai da tsammanin da bangaskiyar magoya bayansa, yana gabatar da Cohen zuwa kewayon kida mai faɗi.
A shekara mai zuwa, Columbia Records ta fito da Mafi kyawun Leonard Cohen, wanda ya haɗa da dozin na shahararrun waƙoƙinsa (hits) waɗanda wasu mawaƙa suka yi.
Kundin "Ba a yi nasara ba".
A cikin 1977, Cohen ya sake shiga kasuwar kiɗa tare da Mutuwar Mutumin Mata, kundi mafi rikitarwa na aikinsa, wanda Phil Spector ya fitar.
Sakamakon rikodin ya nutsar da mai sauraro yadda ya kamata a cikin halin damuwa na Cohen, yana nuna iyakantaccen iyawarsa. A karon farko a cikin aikin Cohen, wakokinsa kusan guda ɗaya a wannan lokacin ba su da wata alama mai kyau.
Rashin gamsuwar Cohen da kundin ya shahara a tsakanin magoya bayansa, wadanda galibi sukan saye shi da wannan gargadin, don haka bai yi wa mawakin dadi ba.
Album na gaba na Cohen Waƙoƙi na Kwanan nan (1979) ya ɗan ɗan sami nasara kuma ya nuna waƙar Leonard daga mafi kyawun gefen. Aiki tare da furodusa Henry Levy, kundin ya nuna muryoyin Cohen a matsayin mai shiga ciki da kuma bayyanawa cikin nutsuwarsa.
Sabbatical da Buddhism
Bayan fitowar albam guda biyu, wani sabon sabbatical ya biyo baya. Koyaya, 1991 ya ga fitowar Ni Fan ku: Waƙoƙin da ke nuna REM, Pixies, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds da John Cale, wanda ya ɗauka Cohen a matsayin marubucin waƙa.
Mawaƙin ya yi amfani da wannan dama ta hanyar fitar da albam mai suna The Future, wanda ya yi magana game da barazanar da ’yan Adam za su fuskanta a cikin shekaru da shekaru masu zuwa.
A tsakiyar wannan aikin, Cohen ya shiga wani sabon mataki a rayuwarsa. Ba a taɓa nisa al'amuran addini da tunaninsa da aikinsa ba.
Ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci a cikin tsaunuka a Cibiyar Baldy Zen (masu bitar Buddha a California), kuma ya zama mazaunin dindindin kuma ɗan addinin Buddha a ƙarshen 1990s.
Tasiri kan al'ada
Shekaru biyar bayan ya zama ɗan littafin adabin jama'a sannan kuma mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, Cohen ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a cikin kiɗa.
A shekara ta 2010, an fitar da wani kunshin bidiyo da sauti mai hade "Wakoki daga Hanya", wanda ya rubuta yawon shakatawa na duniya na 2008 (wanda a zahiri ya gudana har zuwa karshen 2010). Yawon shakatawa ya shafi kide-kide 84 kuma an sayar da tikiti sama da 700 a duk duniya.
Bayan wani balaguron balaguron duniya wanda ya kawo masa karbuwa a duniya, Cohen, ba tare da wani hali ba, da sauri ya dawo ɗakin studio tare da furodusa (kuma mawallafi) Patrick Leonard, yana fitar da sabbin waƙoƙi guda tara, ɗaya daga cikinsu haifaffen sarƙoƙi ne.
An rubuta shi shekaru 40 da suka gabata. Cohen ya ci gaba da rangadi a duniya da kuzari mai ban sha'awa kuma a cikin Disamba 2014 ya fitar da kundi na rayuwa na uku, Live in Dublin.
Mawakin ya koma aiki da sabbin kayan aiki, duk da cewa lafiyarsa ta tabarbare. A ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2016, waƙar da kuke so ta yi duhu ta bayyana akan Intanet. Wannan aikin shine waƙar ƙarshe na Leonard Cohen. Ya rasu kasa da makonni uku a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2016.
