Mikhail Verbitsky shi ne ainihin taska na Ukraine. Mawaƙin, mawaƙa, madugu na mawaƙa, firist, da kuma marubucin kiɗan don waƙar ƙasa na Ukraine - ya ba da gudummawar da ba za a iya musantawa ba ga ci gaban al'adun ƙasarsa.
"Mikhail Verbitsky shine shahararren mawaki a Ukraine. Ayyukan kiɗa na maestro "Izhe cherubim", "Ubanmu", waƙoƙin duniya "Ka ba, yarinya", "Poklin", "De Dnipro namu ne", "Zapovit" sune lu'u-lu'u na kiɗan mu na choral. Mawakin ya wuce gona da iri, wanda a cikinsa ya haɗu da fasahar jama'a tare da motifs na zamani, shine kyakkyawan ƙoƙari na farko na kiɗan kiɗan Ukrainian a Ukraine…” in ji Stanislav Lyudkevich.
Gadon kirkire-kirkire na mawaki
Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci al'adun Ukrainian. Mikhail yana daya daga cikin wakilan makarantar mawaki na kasa. Babban matakin ayyukan kiɗa na Verbitsky, ƙwararrun tsara abubuwan ƙirƙira sun ba shi 'yancin kiransa mawaƙin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Ukrain na farko. Ya rubuta da jinin zuciyarsa. Michael alama ce ta farfaɗowar ƙasa ta Ukrain a Galicia.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Yaro da matasa
Ranar haihuwar Maestro ita ce Maris 4, 1815. Shekarunsa na ƙuruciyarsa sun kasance a cikin ƙaramin ƙauyen Javornik-Ruski kusa da Przemysl (Poland). An rene shi a cikin dangin firist. Shugaban gidan ya mutu lokacin da Mikhail yana da shekaru 10. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wani dangi na nesa, Vladyka John na Przemysl, yana renonsa.
Mikhail Verbitsky karatu a lyceum, sa'an nan a gymnasium. Ya kware wajen karatun ilimomi daban-daban. Ya kwace komai a tashi. Lokacin da Bishop John ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa a Przemysl cathedra, kuma daga baya makarantar kiɗa, Michael ya saba da kiɗa.
A shekara ta 1829, wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ya faru, tare da haɗin gwiwar Verbitsky. Wasan da mawakan suka yi ya samu karbuwa daga wajen masu sauraro da manyan baki. Bayan irin wannan kyakkyawar tarba, John ya gayyaci mashahurin mawaki Alois Nanke zuwa cibiyar ilimi.
Bayan Mikhail ya zo karkashin kulawar Nanke, ya bayyana iyawar kiɗan sa. Verbitsky ba zato ba tsammani ya gane cewa ingantawa da abun da ke ciki ya jawo shi.
Repertoire na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara iyawar tsara Verbitsky. Repertoire na mawaƙa ya ƙunshi ayyukan da ba su mutu ba na J. Haydn, Mozart, da maestro na Ukrainian Berezovsky da Bortnyansky.
Ayyukan ruhaniya na Bortnyansky sun yi tasiri sosai akan kiɗa na yammacin Ukraine.
Ayyukan maestro kuma sun sami sha'awar Mikhail, wanda ya yi nasara wajen ingantawa. A wannan lokacin, monophony ya mamaye kiɗan cocin Ukrainian. Bortnyansky gudanar ya gabatar da sana'a polyphony a cikin ayyukansa.
Ilimi a makarantar hauza
Bayan wani lokaci Mikhail Verbitsky shiga Lviv tauhidin Seminary. Ba tare da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce ba, ya ƙware guitar. Wannan kayan kida zai raka Verbitsky a cikin mafi duhu lokutan rayuwarsa. Bugu da kari, ya dauki mukamin darektan kungiyar mawaka.
A cikin wannan lokacin ya haɗa da ƙididdiga masu kyau don guitar. A zamaninmu, an kiyaye "Umarnin Khitara" Verbitsky shine ruhin kamfanin. An kore shi sau da yawa daga Lviv Conservatory saboda waƙoƙin daji. Bai taba jin tsoron bayyana ra'ayinsa ba, wanda aka yi ta azabtar da shi akai-akai.
Lokacin da aka kore shi daga makarantar a karo na uku, bai ci gaba ba. A lokacin, yana da iyali da kuma bukatar ya yi wa danginsa tanadi.
Ya juya zuwa kiɗan addini. A cikin wannan lokacin, ya shirya cikakken Liturgy na ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa, wanda har yanzu ana jinsa a yawancin majami'u a ƙasarsa ta haihuwa. A lokaci guda, ya gabatar da daya daga cikin mafi recognizable qagaggun - "Angel Vopiyashe", kazalika da dama sauran qagaggun.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Rayuwar wasan kwaikwayo
A ƙarshen shekarun 40, rayuwar wasan kwaikwayo ta inganta a hankali. Ga Verbitsky, wannan yana nufin abu ɗaya - ya fara rubuta abubuwan raye-raye na kiɗa don yawan wasan kwaikwayo. Lambobin da aka yi a kan mataki na mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a Lviv da Galicia, mafi yawancin, an fassara su daga wasan kwaikwayo da wallafe-wallafen Ukrainian, kuma daga Yaren mutanen Poland, Faransanci.
Kiɗa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya wasan kwaikwayo. Ta gabatar da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma cikar fage na ɗaiɗaikun tare da jin daɗi. Mikhail ya haɗa rakiyar kiɗa don fiye da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu. Ba za ku iya watsi da halittunsa "Verkhovyntsi", "Kozak i mafarauci", "Protsikha" da "Zhovnir-charivnik".
Sha'awar siyasa da ta yi mulki a kan yankin Ukraine ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ukrainian ya daina wanzuwa kuma yana sha'awar jama'a na gida. Michael ya daina samun damar ƙirƙirar.
A cikin 49, an kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo a Przemysl. Mikhail aka jera a cikin sahu a matsayin mawaki da kuma actor. Ya ci gaba da tsara ayyukan kiɗa.
A ƙarshen 40s, ya haɗa kiɗa don rubutun Ivan Gushalevich "Aminci ya tabbata a gare ku, 'yan'uwa, mun kawo komai." Wani lokaci daga baya, a Lvov, gida masu fafutuka shirya gidan wasan kwaikwayo "Tattaunawar Rasha". Domin gabatar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo Verbitsky composes m melodrama "Pidgiryan".
Babban matakai na kerawa Mikhail Verbitskzo
Kamar yadda mai yin waƙar da kansa ya ce, ana iya raba aikinsa zuwa matakai uku: ayyukan kiɗa na coci, kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗa na salon. A cikin akwati na ƙarshe, Verbitsky ya san irin irin kiɗan da mutanen zamaninsa suke so su ji. Don zama mai amfani ga al'umma - abin da Michael yake so ke nan. Mawallafin tarihin rayuwarsa na farko, Sidor Vorobkevich, ya tuna da waƙoƙin solo arba'in tare da rakiyar guitar da ƙari da yawa tare da rakiyar piano.
Saboda mawuyacin yanayi na rayuwa, ya kasa samun matsayin firist na dogon lokaci. Mikhail ya fasa karatunsa sau da yawa. Ƙari ga haka, an tilasta masa ƙaura daga wannan ƙauye zuwa wani sau da yawa. Sai kawai a 1850 ya sauke karatu daga Lviv Seminary kuma ya zama firist.
Domin shekaru da yawa ya yi aiki a cikin karamin yanki na Zavadov Yavorovsky. A wannan lokacin, an haifi 'ya'ya biyu a gare shi - 'yar da ɗa. Kaico, 'yar ta rasu tana karama. Verbitsky ya damu matuka da rashin 'yarsa. Ya shiga damuwa.
A shekara ta 1856, ya yi hidima a Cocin Intercession, wadda ke Mlyny (yanzu Poland). A nan ya ɗauki matsayin limamin Katolika na Girka. A nan ne ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa.
Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Mikhail Verbitsky rayu musamman talauci. Duk da manyan matsayi a wancan lokacin, da arziki m al'adunmu - Verbitsky ba a tallafa. Bai nemi arziki ba.
Tarihin halittar National Anthem na Ukraine
A shekara ta 1863, ya tsara kiɗa zuwa waƙoƙin mawaƙin Ukrainian P. Chubinsky "Ukraine bai mutu ba tukuna." Tarihin ƙirƙirar waƙar ya fara ne shekara guda da ta gabata. A wannan lokacin ne Bulus ya yi waƙar da aka ambata a baya.
Kusan nan da nan bayan rubuta waƙar, abokin Chubinsky, Lysenko, ya rubuta wani rakiyar kiɗa ga ayar. Rubutun waƙar ya yi sauti a kan yankin Ukraine na ɗan lokaci, amma bai sami wurare dabam dabam ba. Amma kawai a cikin haɗin gwiwar Verbitsky da Chubynsky an kafa waƙar a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar jama'ar Ukrainian.
A cikin tashin hankali na rayuwar kishin ƙasa da ruhaniya na Ukrainian, a cikin 60s na karni na XIX, a cikin ɗaya daga cikin mujallu na Lviv, an buga waƙar "Ukraine bai mutu ba tukuna". Ayar ta burge Mikhail da haske da kuma kishin kasa. Da farko ya rubuta kiɗa don wasan solo tare da guitar, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya yi aiki tuƙuru a kan abun da ke ciki, kuma ya dace da aikin mawaƙa mai cikakken iko.
"Ukraine bai mutu ba tukuna" an bambanta ta hanyar zurfin fahimtar tarihin tarihin mutanen Ukrainian. A matsayin waƙar ƙasa, mawaƙan Ukrainian sun gane yanki na kiɗan.
Mikhail Verbitsky: cikakkun bayanai na rayuwarsa
An san cewa ya yi aure sau biyu. Mace ta farko da ta yi nasarar yin ado da zuciyar mawakiyar wata kyakkyawar ƴar Austria ce mai suna Barbara Sener. Kaico, ta rasu da wuri.
Ba da daɗewa ba ya yi aure karo na biyu. Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi imanin cewa matar ta biyu ta kasance Bafaranshiya. Amma wannan zato bai tabbata ba. Abin takaici, matar ta biyu ma ba ta daɗe ba. Ta haifi ɗa daga Verbitsky, wanda ma'auratan mai suna Andrey.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da Mikhail Verbitsky
- Kayan kiɗan da Mikhail ya fi so shine guitar.
- A cikin gajeriyar rayuwarsa ya hada kade-kade 12, wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki 8, mawaka uku da polonaise biyu.
- Masana tarihin rayuwa sun tabbatar da cewa ya rayu cikin talauci. Sau da yawa akwai apples kawai akan teburinsa. Mafi wuya lokuta sun zo a lokacin kaka-hunturu.
- Ya yi mafarkin shirya kiɗa don waƙar Taras Shevchenko.
- Mika’ilu ya zama firist domin ya kyautata yanayinsa na kuɗi. Bauta wa Allah ba kiransa ba ne.
A karshe shekaru na rayuwa Mikhail Verbitsky
Har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, bai bar babban kasuwancinsa ba - ya haɗa ayyukan kiɗa. Bugu da kari, Mikhail ya rubuta labarai kuma ya tsunduma cikin ayyukan ilmantarwa.
Ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a Mlyny. Ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1870. A lokacin mutuwarsa, mawakin yana da shekaru 55 kawai.
Da farko, an shigar da giciyen itacen oak na yau da kullun akan kabarin sanannen mawaki. Amma a tsakiyar 30s na karni na karshe, an gina wani abin tunawa a wurin binne Verbitsky.
