Mykola Lysenko ya ba da gudummawar da ba za a iya musantawa ba ga ci gaban al'adun Ukrainian. Lysenko ya gaya wa dukan duniya game da kyawawan abubuwan da aka tsara na jama'a, ya bayyana yiwuwar waƙar marubucin, kuma ya tsaya a kan tushen ci gaban fasahar wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasarsa. Mawaƙin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya fassara Shevchenko's Kobzar kuma ya yi shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin jama'a na Ukrainian.
Yarintar Maestro
Ranar haihuwar mawakin shine Maris 22, 1842. An haife shi a cikin ƙaramin ƙauyen Grinki (yankin Poltava). Fitaccen maestro ya fito ne daga dangin tsohon shugaban Cossack Lysenko. Shugaban iyali ya rike mukamin Kanar, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga dangin masu mallakar fili.
Iyaye sun so su ba yaransu ilimi mai kyau. Ba wai kawai mahaifiyarsa ba, amma kuma sanannen mawaƙi Fet ya tsunduma cikin karatun gida Nikolai. Ya yi magana da harsunan waje da yawa, ban da haka, yana sha’awar kiɗa sosai.
Sa’ad da mahaifiyar ta lura da irin tsoro da ɗanta yake bi da kiɗa, sai ta gayyaci malamin waƙa zuwa gidan. Ya kasance ba m ga Ukrainian shayari. Mawaƙin da Lysenko ya fi so shi ne Taras Shevchenko. Ya san mafi mashahuri waqoqin Taras Grigorievich da zuciya.
Mykola yana da ƙauna ta musamman ga waƙoƙin jama'a na Ukrainian. Kakarsa sau da yawa tana rera waƙoƙin waƙoƙi a gida, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kunnen Lysenok don kiɗa.
Bayan ya kammala karatun gida, Nikolai ya ƙaura zuwa Kyiv. Anan matashin yayi karatu a gidajen kwana da dama. Gabaɗaya, karatun Lysenko ya kasance mai sauƙi.
Nikolay Lysenko: Shekaru matasa
A 1855 ya zama dalibi na babbar Kharkov Gymnasium. Bayan 'yan shekaru, ya sauke karatu daga makarantar ilimi tare da lambar azurfa. A wannan lokacin, yana da hannu sosai a cikin kiɗa. A kan ƙasar Kharkov, an san shi a matsayin mawaƙi mai ban sha'awa.
Ya yi kida a ƙwallaye da liyafa. Lysenko da basira ya yi ayyuka da shahararrun mawaƙa na ƙasashen waje don masu sauraro masu bukata. Nikolai bai manta game da ingantawa a kan jigon ƙananan waƙoƙin gargajiya na Rasha ba. Har ma a lokacin, ya yi tunani game da aikin mawaƙa da mawaƙa.
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga dakin motsa jiki, ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Kharkov Imperial, inda ya zaba wa kansa sashen ilimin kimiyyar halitta. Bayan ɗan lokaci, iyayensa suka ƙaura zuwa Kiev. An tilasta wa Nikolai komawa wata jami'a ta gida. Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar a 1864. Bayan shekara guda, ya sami digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar halitta.
Tunanin samun ilimin waka bai daɗe ba. Bayan shekaru uku, ya yanke shawarar shiga Leipzig Conservatory. Ka tuna cewa a wancan lokacin ana ɗaukar ɗakin karatu a matsayin cibiyar ilimi mafi kyau a Turai. A cikin ganuwar wannan ma'aikata ne ya fahimci muhimmancin tsara waƙarsa tare da inuwar al'adunsa, kuma ba kawai kwafin ayyukan maestros na waje ba.
Nikolai ya sauke karatu daga Conservatory tare da girmamawa. Bayan haka, ya yanke shawarar komawa Kyiv. Ya ba wa wannan birni shekaru arba'in. Ya tsunduma cikin tsara kade-kade, koyarwa da ayyukan zamantakewa. Sai kawai a cikin 'yan shekaru da aka tilasta shi ya koma babban birnin al'adu na Rasha don inganta kwarewarsa a fagen kayan aikin symphonic. A ƙarshen 70s, maestro ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin malamin piano a Cibiyar Noble Maidens.
Gudunmawa ga al'adun Ukrainian
A cikin 1904, mafarkin maestro ya cika. Gaskiyar ita ce ya kafa makarantar kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo. Ka tuna cewa wannan ita ce cibiyar ilimi ta farko a yankin Ukraine, wanda ya ba da ilimi mafi girma na kiɗa a karkashin shirin na Conservatory.
Maestro ya yi aiki a nau'ikan kiɗa da yawa. Ya ba da kulawa ta musamman ga sarrafa waƙoƙin jama'a na Ukrainian. Tsarin tsarist, wanda a wancan lokacin ya mamaye yankin Ukraine, bai hana mawaki ya kafa matsayi ba game da matsayin harshensa na asali a cikin kerawa na kiɗa. A cikin repertoire na maestro, aiki ɗaya kawai aka rubuta a cikin harshen Rashanci.
Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan kade-kade da mawakin ya yi akwai opera Taras Bulba, Natalka Poltavka da Aeneid. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ayyukan Shevchenko sun rinjayi aikinsa. Ya cancanci la'akari da "mahaifin" na kiɗan gargajiya na Ukrainian. An taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan batu ba kawai ta hanyar tsarawa ba, har ma ta hanyar ethnographic.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ya yi ƙoƙarin inganta harshen Ukrainian, wakilan Rasha na hukumomin tsarist sun tsananta masa. An kama Nikolai sau da yawa, amma hukumomi ba su da dalili guda na tsare mawakin a bayan gidan kurkuku.
Masana tarihin rayuwar Lysenko sun ce burin Lysenko a duk tsawon aikinsa na kirkire-kirkire shine ya jagoranci mutanen Ukrainian masu sauki daga cikakken talauci da duhu, zuwa cikin faffadan duniya mai fa'ida ta Turai.
Abin sha'awa shine, Maestro's Ukrainian Suite shine yanki na farko na kiɗan da ya dace ya haɗu da al'adun raye-raye na Turai da fasahar jama'ar Ukrainian. Yanzu ana jin ayyukan Lysenko a cikin mafi kyawun gidan wasan kwaikwayo a duniya.
Details na sirri rayuwa Maestro Nikolai Lysenko
Rayuwar sirri na maestro tabbas za a iya kiran shi mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. Tun da Lysenko ba shine mutum na ƙarshe a Kyiv ba, wakilan jima'i masu rauni suna sha'awar shi.
Teklya ita ce yarinya ta farko da ta nutse a cikin ransa. Af, ba kawai Nikolai ya ƙaunaci kyakkyawa na Ukrainian ba, har ma da ɗan'uwansa. Matasa ba su yi wa budurwata fada ba. Daga baya, mawakin ya sadaukar da wani yanki na kiɗa ga Tekla.
Wani mashahurin maestro ya jagoranci wata yarinya mai suna Olga O'Connor zuwa cikin hanya. A Ukraine, wata yarinya tare da danginta sun ƙare nan da nan bayan mamayewar Napoleon. Af, bai bambanta da 'yan matan Ukrainian ba, Irish ta asali.
Ta kasance shekaru takwas da haihuwa fiye da Nikolai, kuma ban da ita, ita ce yayarsa. Tana da muryar soprano mai ƙarfi. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a 1868, kuma sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Leipzig. A sabon wurin, Olga ya ɗauki darussan murya. Daga baya, ta sauke karatu daga Conservatory na St. Lokacin da ta fara samun matsala da muryarta, ta koyar da murya.
Sai ya zama cewa, asarar murya ba ita ce babbar matsala ba. Olga ya sha wahala daga tabin hankali. Hankalinta ya tashi, tana fama da bacin rai, kuma yanayinta ya kasance ya fi bacin rai fiye da kyau. Don waɗannan dalilai, mace ba za ta iya haihuwa ba. Olga da Nikolai, bayan shekaru 12 na aure, sun yanke shawarar watse, ko da yake saki na hukuma bai faru ba. Sannan rabuwar aure tana bukatar kokari da lokaci mai yawa daga abokin tarayya.
Ba da da ewa ya sadu da m brunette mai suna Olga Lipskaya. Matasa sun hadu a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Lysenko a Chernigov. Matar ta bugi mawakin da kyawunta. Ƙari ga haka, ta yi waƙa da kuma zana da kyau. Nikolai zai kira yarinyar "hannun dama".
Nikolai Lysenko: Rayuwa tare da matar farar hula da sabon ƙauna
Sun sami dangantaka mai wahala. Olga ya watsar da ci gaban aikinta kuma, kamar yadda yake, ya kasance a cikin inuwar sanannen Lysenko. Ta zabi wa kanta ba kaddarar mace mafi farin ciki ba. Olga ba zai iya zama matar Nikolai ba, kuma ko da ta haifi ɗa daga Maestro, dole ne ta gudu Kiev.
Olga sadaukar Lysenko shekaru 20. Bai ɗauke ta a matsayin matar aure ba, amma ta wata hanya ta haifa masa 'ya'ya 7. Kash, biyar ne kawai suka tsira. Matar ta rasu ne a lokacin haihuwa na karshe. A wannan lokacin, ya hada da ayyukan kiɗa na rayayye, amma saboda wasu dalilai masu ban mamaki, bai sadaukar da wannan mace ko ɗaya ba.
Ya riga ya wuce 60 lokacin da ya sake soyayya. A wannan karon, ya zaɓi yarinyar da ta kai shekaru 45 a ƙarƙashinsa. Maestro ko kadan bai ji kunyar irin wannan babban bambancin shekaru ba.
Ya kamu da son dalibarsa mai suna Inna. Ita ce dangantaka mafi ban mamaki a duk rayuwarsa. Iyayen yarinyar ba su yarda da dangantaka ba, kuma yarinyar kanta ba ta yi kuskuren zama tare ba, amma ta ci gaba da yin lokaci tare da Lysenko.
Lura cewa duk 'ya'yan Lysenko sun bi sawun sanannen mahaifinsu. Sun zaɓi wa kansu sana'ar ƙirƙira. Ɗan ƙarami, wanda sunansa Taras, an dauke shi mafi hazaka yaro. Matashin ya buga kusan dukkan kayan kida.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da maestro
- A lokacin da aka kawar da bautar, danginsa masu arziki sun yi fatara. Amma, wata hanya ko wata, Lysenko gudanar don tabbatar da kyakkyawan rayuwa ga kansa. Ta wurin waɗannan mizanan, ya rayu sosai, amma bai tara jari ba.
- Yau, zuriyar Ukrainian classic suna da rai a cikin layi uku: Ostap, Galina da Maryana. Iyali suna girmama tunawa da sanannen dangi.
- Mikhail Staritsky, wanda ya rubuta "Koran Hares Biyu", shi ne dan uwan Nikolai na biyu.
- Ya rubuta polka na farko yana da shekaru goma.
- Duk rayuwarsa yana sana'ar choral.
- Bayan mutuwar cohabitant Olga, Lysenko tambayi hukuma matarsa halatta dukan yara.
Mutuwar mawakin Ukrainian Nikolay Lysenko ne adam wata
Ya mutu kwatsam. Tawagarsa sun dade da sanin cewa yana fama da ciwo a yankin zuciya. Ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1912, ya kusa zuwa makaranta. Amma rayuwa ta yi nata gyare-gyare. Ya samu bugun zuciya. Bayan rabin sa'a, mawakin ya tafi.
An binne gawar maestro ne kawai a rana ta 5 bayan mutuwarsa. Jikin mawakin yana hutawa a makabartar Baikove. Adadin mutanen da ba su dace ba sun taru don bikin jana'izar. Waɗannan su ne dangi, abokai da masu sha'awar aikin Lysenko.
