Samar da Ukrainian kasa opera wasan kwaikwayo yana hade da sunan Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko. Kawai 6 short shekaru Oksana Petrusenko ciyar a kan Kiev opera mataki. Amma a cikin shekaru da yawa, cike da m bincike da hurarrun ayyuka, ta lashe wani wuri na girmamawa a tsakanin irin Ukrainian masters na opera art kamar: M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, S. M. Gaidai, M. I. Donets, I. S. Patorzhinsky, Yu.S. Kiporenko-Damansky da kuma wasu.
A wannan lokaci, sunan Oksana Petrusenko ya zama Popular ba kawai a Ukraine, amma kuma kasashen waje, inda ta yi a wasanni ko kide kide. Sirrin nasararta ya kasance a cikin bacin rai da kuma gaskiyar aikinta, a cikin jin daɗin da Oksana Andreevna ya yi tare da shi ya iya isar da kyawun waƙar jama'a, zurfin jin daɗin jaruman opera. Oksana Petrusenko yana da basira don haifar da farin ciki mai kyau a cikin masu sauraro, don dumi zukatan mutane.
Yara da matasa na actress Oksana Petrusenko
Ksenia Borodavkina aka haife kan Fabrairu 18, 1900 a Balaklava (kusa da Sevastopol). Mahaifinta, Andrei Borodavka, ya fito ne daga Malaya Balakliya, yankin Kharkov. Ya isa Sevastopol godiya ga hidimar jirgin ruwa a cikin jirgin ruwa na Black Sea, inda aka sake rubuta sunansa na ƙarshe zuwa Wartkin. Mahaifiyar Xenia, Maria Kuleshova, ta fito daga lardin Oryol.
Daga mahaifinta, wanda ke da murya mai kyau, Ksenia ta karbi basirar mawaƙa. Koda yake yarinyar a zahiri bata san mahaifinta ba. A cikin bazara na 1901, ya mutu da tarin fuka. Uwa ta sake yin aure, amma sabon mijin ya sha da yawa. Tun tana da shekaru 14, Ksenia ta yi aiki a kowace rana a tashar jiragen ruwa na Sevastopol, tana rera waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na coci da kuma kide kide da wake-wake masu son. A 18, ta gudu daga gida tare da kida da wasan kwaikwayo Stepan Glazunenko. Haka ta fara yawon rangadi.
Bayan watanni biyu, a cikin rigar soja da manyan takalman soja, Ksenia ya bayyana a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kherson, wanda Ivan Sagatovsky ya jagoranci. Ya karbi yarinyar cikin kungiyar. Matarsa (Ekaterina Luchitskaya) ya dauki nauyin koya wa matashiyar wasan kwaikwayo abubuwan da suka dace a kan mataki. Ba tare da ilimi na musamman ba, ta yi nazarin sassan opera Zaporozhets bayan Danube (S. Gulak-Artemovsky) da Natalka Poltavka (N. Lysenko) ta kunne. Ta yi rawar kai a matsayin mai yin waƙoƙin jama'a. Ta kuma ƙware hadadden ɓangaren Tamara a cikin wasan opera na ƙarshe na The Demon (na A. Rubinstein).
Farkon hanyar kirkira
Bar Sevastopol tare da daya daga cikin mobile Ukrainian troupes, Oksana Andreevna a cikin fall 1918 shiga tawagar na Jihar Ukrainian Drama Theater, wanda aka directed by I. L. Saratovsky. Ya kasance muhimmin mataki a cikin rayuwar kirkire-kirkire na mai zane.
A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ta sami abokai na gaske da masu ba da shawara, sun koyi ingantaccen tushe mai amfani na wasan kwaikwayo. Anan iyawarta ta kida da murya ta bunkasa. I. L. Saratovsky da shugaban gawar KL Luzhitskaya Oksana sun dauki malamai kuma sun ci gaba da dangantaka mai kyau da su. P.P. Boychenko (ma'aikacin gidan wasan kwaikwayo) da tsarin nazarin sassa tare da Petrusenko.
Da zuciya daya ya burge dalibinsa mai hazaka, bayan wani lokaci sai ta zama matarsa. Amma auren bai dade ba saboda yawan rigima da sabani dangane da kirkire-kirkire. A 1920, Oksana Andreevna, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar I. L. Saratovsky, ya tafi tare da kide kide da wake-wake ga Perekop Front.
A shekara ta 1922, ta sake yin aiki a cikin ƙungiyar da I. L. Saratovsky ke gudanarwa. Sha'awa tsakanin masu sauraro ta ragu da sauri. Oksana Andreevna ji bukatar inganta ta vocal basira har ma fiye. Har ila yau, ta yi mafarkin samun ilimi mai zurfi da tsari, don haka ta tafi Kyiv. Kuma a 1924 ta zama dalibi na vocal baiwa na Jihar Music da Drama Institute. N. Lysenko.
Yawon shakatawa
Daga baya Oksana Petrusenko aka gayyace zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo "Sower". Duk da haka, a shekara ta 1926 ta sake komawa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na asali, wanda I. L. Saratovsky ya jagoranci. A nan sau da yawa ya sadu da coryphaeus na Ukrainian wasan kwaikwayo P. K. Saksagansky, wanda ya zo nan a kan yawon shakatawa. Babban mai zane ya kalli aikin samari Oksana, ya shawarce ta, kuma ya bayyana asirin gwanintar fasaha na gaske.
A cikin 1926-1927. gidan wasan kwaikwayo na I. L. Saratovsky ya zagaya a manyan biranen Volga - Saratov, Samara, Kazan, da dai sauransu A gare ta, wannan sabon gwaji ne na sojojin kirkire-kirkire. A Saratov Oksana Andreevna yana da ban sha'awa tarurruka tare da masu sana'a Figures na opera gidan. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne shahararren madugu Ya. A. Posen, na biyu kuma shi ne mai wasan kwaikwayo M.E. Medvedev. Dukansu Medvedev da Posen mutane ne masu rowa tare da yabo kuma ba su iya ba da yabo. Amma, bayan sauraron Oksana Andreevna a cikin wasanni da yawa, masu zane-zane ba su hana motsin zuciyar su ba ko kuma godiya ga iyawarta. Sun shawarci Petrusenko ya je wasan opera, inda za ta iya nuna wadatar muryar opera.
Oksana Petrusenko: Opera Career
A lokacin yawon shakatawa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Kazan, Oksana Petrusenko ya yarda da tayin jagorancin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kazan Opera don raira waƙa na Oksana a cikin wasan opera Cherevichki (P. Tchaikovsky). Bayan nasarar farko, ta shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Daga wannan lokacin ya fara "opera" lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na Petrusenko. Ya ƙare tare da komawa zuwa mataki na Ukrainian a matsayin wanda aka riga aka sani a matsayin mashahurin opera. Abokin Oksana Andreevna tare da artist V.D. Moskalenko nasa ne a zamanin Kazan, wanda ta jima da aure. Da farko V.D. Moskalenko ya taimaka wa mawakiyar sosai a cikin karatunta na murya.
Daga 1927 zuwa 1929 Oksana Andreevna ya raira waƙa da yawa daban-daban opera sassa a kan Kazan mataki. Daga cikinsu akwai sassan Aida na opera Aida (D. Verdi). Kazalika Lisa da Tatyana daga operas Sarauniyar Spades da Eugene Onegin (P. Tchaikovsky), da dai sauransu Daga 1929-1931. artist yi a kan mataki na Sverdlovsk Opera.
A 1931, da artist ya koma Samara, inda ta yi aiki a gidan wasan opera har 1934. Repertore na mawaƙin ya ƙunshi gagarumin adadin rawar daga wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na Rasha. Mai zane na Ukrainian Drama Theater ya zama kwararren mawaƙa. Canjin Oksana Andreevna zuwa matakin wasan opera na Ukrainian ya kasance na halitta kuma na halal ne.
A 1934, da babban birnin kasar Ukraine aka canjawa wuri daga Kharkov zuwa Kyiv. Kuma mafi kyau m sojojin Ukraine sun janyo hankalin zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Oksana Petrusenko kuma aka gayyace a nan. Ayyukanta na farko a cikin opera Aida (D. Verdi) nan da nan ya ƙayyade ainihin wurin sabon mawaƙa a cikin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo.
Ganewa da nasara
Ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1935, an yi bikin cika shekaru 75 da haihuwarsa a cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kiev. Har ila yau, bikin cika shekaru 50 na ayyukan kirkiro na P.K. Saksagansky. Wannan bikin yana da ma'ana ta musamman kuma ta alama. Shahararren mai zane ya zama kamar yana wucewa da sandar ƙirƙira zuwa gidan wasan opera na matasa na Ukrainian. Ayyukan farko da na uku na opera Natalka Poltavka an gabatar da su a ranar tunawa da maraice.
Vozny taka rawar da P. K. Saksagansky da A. M. Buchma, rawar Natasha taka M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut da O.A. Petrusenko, rawar Vyborny M. I. Donets da I. S. Patorzhinsky. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sunan Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko ya haskaka kusa da sunayen shahararrun mashahuran opera na Ukrainian.
Kasa da shekaru 10 sun shude tun lokacin da aka kirkiro Kyiv Opera House, lokacin da a watan Maris na 1936, matasan tawagar suka nuna nasarorin fasahar Soviet Ukraine a cikin shekaru goma na farko a Moscow. Kievans nuna uku wasanni a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theater: "The Cossack bayan Danube" (S. Gulak-Artemovsky), "Natalka Poltavka" (N. Lysenko) da "The Snow Maiden" (N. Rimsky-Korsakov). . Mawaƙin opera yana aiki a cikin wasanni uku - a cikin sassan Daria, Natalia da Kupava, daban-daban a cikin hali. An bai wa mai zanen dama don nuna hazakar matakinta da kuma iya magana.
Shahararriyar mai zane
Wasan kwaikwayon da mawakiyar ta yi a cikin wasanni na kwanaki goma ya ja hankalin al'ummar mawakan gare ta. Ta zama baƙo maraba a cikin ɗakin dakunan kiɗa na Leningrad, Moscow da sauran biranen. Jagoranci na Bolshoi Theater miƙa Oksana Andreevna zuwa Moscow mataki. Amma bayan wasu jinkiri, ta yanke shawarar kada ta bar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kiev, wanda ta ji an haɗa shi.
A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarta, sanannen actress yana aiki. Ta shirya da yawa sabon matsayin, daga cikinsu akwai: Lai'atu a cikin opera Shchors (B. Lyatoshinsky), Lushka a cikin opera Virgin Soil Upturned (I. Dzerzhinsky) da Natalia a cikin opera A cikin Storm (T. Khrennikova). Mawaƙin ya ba da kide-kide a Donbass, a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo ta hannu a cikin biranen Ukraine. Mawaƙin tare da tsinkaye na musamman ya taimaka wajen haɓaka wasan kwaikwayo na yara da wasan kwaikwayo na sojojin Soviet.
Ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar shahararrun mawaƙa, da son rai ta yi waƙoƙinsu. Mawaƙin ya kasance mai yawan baƙo na ƙungiyar marubuta. A lokacin wata farfaganda tafiya zuwa yammacin Ukraine a 1939, Oksana wahayi zuwa raira waƙa da song "My Ukraine, Ukraine" (music - D. Pokrass, lyrics - V. Lebedev-Kumach). Abun da ke ciki ya zama sananne sosai, mutane sun buƙaci aikin sa a kowane wasan kwaikwayo. Oksana Andreevna ya rera shi ba tare da rakiya ba a taron karshe na Majalisar Jama'a a Lvov. A can ne aka yanke shawarar sake hade yammacin Ukraine tare da Ukrainian SSR.
Mutuwar mawakin
Wasan kide-kide na opera diva na karshe ya faru a Lvov, inda a watan Yuni 1940 gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da Ballet mai suna bayan. T.G. Shevchenko na birnin Kyiv.
Yuli 15, 1940, rayuwar Oksana Petrusenko ba zato ba tsammani ƙare. Ciki na biyu na mawakin ya zama mace mai mutuwa a gare ta. Ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1940, a Kyiv, ta haifi ɗa, Alexander, kuma ya mutu kwatsam bayan mako guda. Sigar hukuma ita ce gudan jini wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya “karye”. Akwai jita-jitar cewa dalilin mutuwar guba ne. Matar Marshal Timoshenko, wanda ya zama mai sha'awar mawaƙa kuma yana so ya kai ta Moscow, ya ba ma'aikacin jinya cin hanci, yana tsoron cewa mijinta zai bar ta.
Oksana Petrusenko: Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Lokacin da aka ayyana abokanta da abokan cinikinta maƙiyan mutane, daraktan gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Yanovsky, yayin da ake tambayoyi, ya ce Oksana Petrusenko na tafiya yawon shakatawa zuwa Italiya. Kuma watakila ba kawai a kan yawon shakatawa ba. Wannan zargi ya kasance tsinewa. Oksana ta yanke shawarar kada ta jira ranar kiyama. Ta dauki igiyar ta yi madauki. Abokin aikin Alla ya same ta da mari a wuyanta. Begichev. A wannan dare, matan biyu sun tafi Moscow a asirce. Akwai sigar da Voroshilov ya kare ƙaunataccen mawaƙa. An dawo da ita bakin aiki.
Duk da kishi na 'yan mata da ilimi, babu kujeru a cikin zauren a wasanni tare da sa hannu na Petrusenko. Wasan opera diva ya kasance abokai tare da Pavel Tychina, Maxim Rylsky, Vladimir Sosiura. An yi wa ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ekaterina Bilokur wanda ba a san shi ba a lokacin. Ta karɓi katin waya daga Stalin. Ba ta yarda da gayyatar zuwa Moscow da kuma zama soloist na Bolshoi Theater.
Lokacin Ukrainian na wuya m hanya Oksana Petrusenko ba sauki - kasa daukaka da babban hatsari. A lokacin, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko ya jagoranci wani yanki na soja na musamman a Kyiv. Yana da wuya a ce shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na gaske. A zamanin Stalin, akwai al'ada a cikin manyan jam'iyyar - don zaɓar mata a cikin mawaƙa ko 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Sa'an nan Marshal Timoshenko kasance kullum kusa da Oksana Petrusenko. Akwai bouquets na jajayen wardi, kallon ƙauna da kullun daga masu sauraro. Babu wani bayani da ke nuna cewa mawakin ya amince da zawarcin wani jami’in soja.
Duk da basira da babban suna, Oksana Petrusenko ya kasance mace mai sauƙi da gaskiya. Ta bayyana wa duniya basirar Ekaterina Bilokur. Mawaƙin na asali, da ya ji waƙar jama'a da Oksana Petrusenko ya yi a rediyo, ya rubuta mata wasiƙa yana neman taimako, gami da zane-zane da yawa. Oksana ya ba da wannan wasika ga kwararru na Central House of Folk Art. Kuma hukumar ta zo Ekaterina Bilokur, kuma bayan wani lokaci Paris ta riga ta sha'awar zane-zane.
Jana'iza
A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1940, an yi jana'izar ta tsawon kilomita da yawa. An binne Oksana Petrusenko a makabartar Baykove da ke Kyiv, kusa da cocin. Lokacin da aka fitar da ita daga gidan wasan opera a ranar bikin jana'izar, Kyiv ya sadu da ita da babbar murya, kamar a rayuwarta. Taro mai girman da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ya bi mutanen prima donna zuwa makabartar Baikove cikin babbar igiyar ruwa. "Ukrainian Nightingale" ya yi shiru, kuma an ci gaba da tattaunawa da jayayya. A 2010, a kan facade na Sevastopol Academic Rasha Drama Theater. Lunacharsky, an buɗe plaque na tunawa. A cikin wata biyu barayi suka farfasa ta.
