Pearl Jam ƙungiyar dutsen Amurka ce. Ƙungiyar ta ji daɗin shahara sosai a farkon 1990s. Lu'u-lu'u Jam yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ƙungiyoyi a cikin motsin kiɗan grunge.
Godiya ga kundi na halarta na farko, wanda ƙungiyar ta fitar a farkon shekarun 1990, mawakan sun sami shaharar su ta farko. Wannan tarin Goma ne. Kuma yanzu game da ƙungiyar Pearl Jam a lambobi. A lokacin aikinsu na sama da shekaru 20, ƙungiyar ta saki:
- 11 cikakken tsawon albums studio;
- 2 karamin faranti;
- Tarin kade-kade 8;
- 4 DVD;
- 32 marasa aure;
- 263 bootlegs na hukuma.
A halin yanzu, an sayar da albam sama da miliyan 3 a duk faɗin Amurka ta Amurka da kusan miliyan 60 a duniya.
An yi la'akari da Pearl Jam a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi tasiri a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Stephen Thomas Erlewine na All Music ya kira ƙungiyar "mafi shaharar rukunin rock da nadi na Amurka na 1990s". A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2017, an shigar da Pearl Jam a cikin Hall of Fame na Rock and Roll.
Tarihin halitta da abun da ke ciki na ƙungiyar Pearl Jam
An fara ne da mawaƙa Stone Gossard da Jeff Ament. A ƙarshen 1980s, sun ƙirƙiri ƙwalwarsu ta farko, wanda ake kira Mother Love Bone.
Komai yana tafiya da kyau. Masoyan kiɗa sun kasance masu sha'awar sabuwar ƙungiyar. Mutanen har ma sun sami magoya bayansu na farko. Duk da haka, komai ya juya baya bayan mutuwar mawaki Andrew Wood mai shekaru 24 a shekara ta 1990. Mawakan sun wargaza kungiyar, kuma nan da nan suka daina sadarwa gaba daya.
A ƙarshen 1990, Gossard ya sadu da mawallafin guitar Mike McCready. Ya yi nasarar shawo kansa ya sake fara aiki da Ament. Mawakan sun yi rikodin demo. Tarin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 5. Membobin ƙungiyar suna buƙatar ɗan ganga da ɗan soloist. Eddie Vedder (vocals) da Dave Krusen (ganguna) ba da daɗewa ba suka shiga ƙungiyar.
A cikin wata hira, Vedder ya ce sunan Pearl Jam yana nufin kakarsa Pearl. A cewar mawaƙin, kakar ta san yadda ake dafa jam mafi daɗi da daɗi daga peyote (cactus mai ɗauke da mescaline).
Duk da haka, a tsakiyar 2000s, wani version ya bayyana a Rolling Stone. Ament da McCready sun ba da shawarar ɗaukar sunan Pearl (daga Ingilishi "lu'u-lu'u").
Bayan wasan kwaikwayon Neil Young, wanda aka tsawaita kowace waƙa zuwa mintuna 20 saboda ingantawa, mahalarta sun yanke shawarar ƙara kalmar Jam. A cikin kiɗa, kalmar "jam" ya kamata a gane a matsayin haɗin gwiwa ko ingantawa mai zaman kanta.
Farawa na Pearl Jam
A farkon shekarun 1990, mawakan sun fara tattara kayan don yin rikodin kundi na farko. Pearl Jam sun fadada hotunan su tare da Ten (1991). Gossard da Ament ne suka yi aiki da waƙar. McCready ya ce shi da Vedder sun zo "don kamfani." Amma Vedder ya rubuta waƙoƙin zuwa ga duk abubuwan da aka tsara na kiɗan.
Krusen ya bar ƙungiyar a lokacin rikodin kundin. Laifi shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ba da daɗewa ba Matt Chamberlain ya maye gurbin mawakin. Amma bai dade a kungiyar ba. Dave Abruzizes ne ya dauki wurinsa.
Kundin na farko ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 11. Mawakan sun raira waƙa game da kisan kai, kisan kai, kaɗaici da baƙin ciki. A kide-kide, tarin yana kusa da dutsen gargajiya, haɗe da waƙoƙi masu jituwa da sauti mai kama da waƙa.
Abin lura shi ne cewa da farko albam din ya samu karbuwa a wurin jama'a maimakon a sanyaye. Amma riga a shekarar 1992, da album goma samu matsayi na "zinariya". Ya kai kololuwa a lamba 2 akan Billboard. Rikodin ya kasance a kan ginshiƙi na kiɗa fiye da shekaru biyu. A sakamakon haka, ta zama platinum sau 13.
Masu sukar kiɗa sun yarda cewa membobin Pearl Jam "sun hau jirgin grunge a daidai lokacin." Duk da haka, mawaƙa da kansu sun kasance "jirgin grunge". Kundin su goma ya buga makonni hudu kafin Nirvana's Nevermind. A cikin 2020, Goma ya sayar da fiye da kwafi miliyan 13 a cikin Amurka kaɗai.
Gabatar da sabbin albam
A cikin 1993, an cika faifan hoton Pearl Jam tare da kundi na biyu na studio. Game da tarin Vs. Sakin sabon albam ya kasance kamar bam. A cikin makon farko na tallace-tallace kawai, an sayar da kusan kofe miliyan 1 na rikodin. Rockers sun yi nasarar karya kowane irin rikodin.
Tari na gaba, Vitalogy, ya zama kundi na biyu mafi saurin siyarwa a tarihi. Mako guda, magoya bayan sun sayar da kwafin 877 dubu. An yi nasara.
A cikin 1998, masu son kiɗa sun ji Haɓaka. An sanya alamar sakin tarin ta hanyar gabatar da shirin. Don yin wannan, mawaƙa na Pearl Jam sun hayar da ɗan wasan ban dariya Todd McFarlane. Ba da daɗewa ba magoya baya suna jin daɗin bidiyon waƙar Yi Juyin Halitta.
Daga baya kadan, an fitar da fim din Single Video Theory. Ya ba da labarai masu ban sha'awa game da yin bidiyon Yi Juyin Halitta.
Daga rikodin Binaural, wanda aka saki a farkon 2000s, "magoya bayan" Pearl Jam sun fara sabawa da sabon mai bugu Matt Cameron. Abin sha'awa shine, har yanzu ana ɗaukar mawaƙin ɗan ƙungiyar.
Rage shaharar ƙungiyar
Ba za a iya kiran farkon shekarun 2000 mai nasara ba don rukunin rock na Amurka. Bayan gabatar da kundi na Binaural, mawaƙan sun ragu kaɗan. Tarin da aka gabatar ya zama kundi na farko a cikin zane-zane na Pearl Jam, wanda ya kasa zuwa platinum.
Ba kome ba ne idan aka kwatanta da abin da ya faru a lokacin wasan kwaikwayon a Roskilde a Denmark. Gaskiyar ita ce, a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar mutane 9 ne suka mutu. Aka tattake su. Mambobin Pearl Jam sun kadu da wannan taron. Sun soke wasannin kide-kide da yawa kuma sun sanar da magoya bayansu cewa sun dakatar da yawon bude ido na wani dan lokaci.
Abubuwan da suka faru na Roskilde a zahiri sun sa membobin ƙungiyar suyi tunanin irin nau'in kayan kiɗan da suke ƙirƙira. Sabon kundin kundi na Riot Act (2002) ya zama mafi yawan waƙoƙi, taushi da rashin ƙarfi. Abun kiɗan Arc an sadaukar da shi ga magoya bayan da suka mutu a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun taron.
A shekara ta 2006, an sake cika hoton ƙungiyar tare da kundi na Pearl Jam mai suna iri ɗaya. Tarin ya nuna alamar dawowar ƙungiyar zuwa sautin grunge da suka saba. A karon farko a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, Backspacer ya jagoranci kan taswirar Billboard 200. Waƙar Just Breathe ta tabbatar da nasarar rikodin.
A cikin 2011, mawakan sun gabatar da kundi na farko kai tsaye, Live on Legs Goma. Tarin ya samu karbuwa sosai daga magoya baya da masu sukar kiɗa.
2011 ya kasance mai arziki ba kawai a cikin novelties na kiɗa ba. Domin girmama bikin cika shekaru 20 na kungiyar, mawakan sun gabatar da fim din "Mu ashirin ne". Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi faifan bidiyo kai tsaye da tattaunawa da membobin Pearl Jam.
Bayan ƴan shekaru, hoton ƙungiyar ya cika da kundi na studio na goma. An kira tarin tarin walƙiya. A cikin 2015, an ba wa kundin kyautar Grammy Award don Mafi Kyawun Kayayyakin gani.
Salo da tasirin Pearl Jam
Salon kiɗan Pearl Jam ya kasance mai ƙarfi da nauyi idan aka kwatanta da sauran makada na grunge. Yana kusa da dutsen gargajiya na farkon 1970s.
Ayyukan ƙungiyar sun sami tasiri: The Who, Led Zeppelin, Neil Young, Kiss, Dead Boys da Ramones. Shahararru da yarda da waƙoƙin Pearl Jam za a iya danganta su da sauti daban-daban, wanda ya haɗu da "1970s fagen fama rock riffs tare da guts da fushi na 1980s post-punk, ba tare da wani kyama ga ƙugiya da choruses."
Kowane kundi na rukunin gwaje-gwaje ne, sabo da haɓakawa. Vedder yayi magana game da gaskiyar cewa membobin ƙungiyar suna son sanya sautin waƙoƙin ƙasa da kamanni, ba tare da ƙugiya ba.
Pearl Jam: abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Gossard da Jeff Ament sun kasance memba na ƙungiyar grunge na farko na Green River a tsakiyar 1980s.
- An haɗa goma a cikin jerin "The 500 Greatest Rock Albums" na Rolling Stone.
- Abun kiɗan ɗan'uwa, wanda aka haɗa akan sake fitar da kundi goma. A cikin 2009, ta mamaye madadin Amurkawa da sigogin dutse a matsayin guda ɗaya. Abin sha'awa, an yi rikodin waƙar kuma an sake shi a cikin 1991.
- Kundin Ten ana kiransa sunan ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na ƙasa Mookie Blaylock (ya saka lamba 10).
- Riff ɗin guitar (wanda shine tushen waƙar A Hiding, daga kundin Haɓaka) Gossard ya rubuta shi akan na'urar rikodin microcassette.
Pearl Jam a yau
Tun daga 2013, Pearl Jam ba ta ƙara sabbin kundi zuwa hoton hotonta ba. Wannan rikodin ne ga mawaƙa irin wannan girman. A duk tsawon wannan lokaci, tawagar ta zagaya da kide-kide a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Haka kuma, an yi ta rade-radin cewa nan ba da dadewa ba mawakan za su fitar da albam din studio guda 11.
Ƙungiyar Pearl Jam ba ta kunyatar da magoya bayanta ba, a cikin 2020 mawaƙa sun fitar da kundi na Gigaton. An gabace shi da waƙoƙin Rawar Clairvoyantsruen, Superblood Wolfmoonruen da Quick Escaperuen. Kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu suka.
A cikin 2021, ƙungiyar za ta yi bikin cika shekaru 30 da kafuwa. A cewar 'yan jarida, Pearl Jam za ta shirya rikodin mafi kyawun abubuwan da aka tsara ko fim ɗin shirin don wani gagarumin taron.
