Tikhon Khrennikov - Soviet da kuma Rasha mawaki, m, malami. A lokacin da ya daɗe yana aikin ƙirƙira, maestro ya haɗa operas masu cancanta da yawa, ballets, kade-kade, da kide-kide na kayan aiki. Masoya kuma suna tunawa da shi a matsayin marubucin kiɗan fina-finai.
Yara da matasa Tikhon Khrennikov
An haife shi a farkon watan Yuni 1913. An haifi Tikhon a cikin babban iyali. Iyayensa sun yi nisa daga sana'o'in kirkire-kirkire. Ya taso ne a gidan wani magatakarda dan kasuwa da uwar gida ta gari.
Shugaban iyali bai yi banza da ilimi ba. A cikin iyalin Khrennikov, an biya kulawa ta musamman ga kiɗa. Kuma ko da yake mahaifinsa ya yi nisa da ƙirƙira, ya ƙarfafa kiɗa. Misali, Tikhon ya san yadda ake kunna kayan kida da yawa. A lokacin karatunsa, saurayin ya kasance cikin jerin mawaƙa na gida.
Mafi yawan duka, Khrennikov Jr. ya jawo hankalin ingantawa. Ya yi rubutunsa na farko tun yana matashi. Daga wannan lokaci ne aka fara samuwar Tikhon a matsayin mawaki.
Ba da da ewa ya samu shawara da Mikhail Gnesin kansa. Ya sami damar gane hazaka a Tikhon. Maestro ya ba da shawarar cewa mutumin ya gama makarantar sakandare, sannan ya ci gaba da shiga cikin Conservatory na Moscow. A wannan lokacin, Khrennikov ya saurari abubuwan da aka tsara na litattafan Rasha.
Tikhon Khrennikov: horo a Gnesinka
Tikhon ya bi shawarar gwani Mikhail Gnesin, kuma bayan kammala karatunsa ya shiga makarantar kiɗa. Bayan haka, sai aka shigar da shi dakin ajiyar kayayyakin tarihi na babban birnin kasar, inda ya samu dama ta musamman na yin karatu tare da kwararrun malamai. A cikin shekarun karatunsa, ya fara aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yara.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, Khrennikov ya gabatar wa malamai wasan kwaikwayo na farko, wanda za'a iya rarraba shi a matsayin aikin sana'a. Abin lura shi ne cewa m abun da ke ciki ya zama sananne ba kawai a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet. Wasan waka ya shiga cikin jerin fitattun masu gudanarwa daga Amurka.
Tikhon ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin aikin kammala karatunsa. Kadai wanda ya ba Khrennikov "kyakkyawan" alama a cikin jarrabawar shine Sergei Prokofiev.
Mawaƙin da kansa ya ƙidaya akan karɓar takardar shaidar ja. Bai yi tsammanin daga alamun hukumar da ke ƙasa da "5". Bayan da sakamakon jarabawar ya bayyana a gare shi, ya sanar da cewa ba zai karbi takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, majalisar ilimi ta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta duba batun ɗalibin. Ya fice daga dakin ajiyar kaya, rike da jar diploma a hannunsa.
A m hanya Tikhon Khrennikov
Kololuwar shaharar mawakin ya zo a tsakiyar 30s na karnin da ya gabata. A wannan lokacin, ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun maestro na Tarayyar Soviet. Tikhon ya zagaya da yawa, ya ba da kide-kide kuma ya koyar.
Ba da daɗewa ba ya shirya wasan kwaikwayo na piano don shirya wasan kwaikwayo na Much Ado About Nothing. Ya kuma cika repertoire da sabbin ayyukan kida.
A ƙarshen 30s, an fara fara wasan opera na farko. Muna magana ne game da aikin kiɗa "A cikin hadari". Babban fasalin wasan opera da aka gabatar shine bayyanar Vladimir Lenin a ciki.
Wartime ga Khrennikov aka alama ba tare da yawa hasara a kerawa. Ya ci gaba da aiki. A wannan lokacin, ya fi tsara waƙoƙi. Sa'an nan kuma na biyu symphony ya bayyana. Da farko ya shirya cewa wannan aiki zai zama taken matasa, amma yakin duniya na biyu ya yi nasa gyare-gyare.
Ayyukansa sun bayyana yadda hukumomi da talakawan Tarayyar Soviet suka ji a lokacin yaƙi. Ayyukansa suna cike da kyakkyawan fata da bangaskiya cikin makoma mai haske.
Tikhon Khrennikov: ayyuka a cikin post-yaki lokaci
Shekaru da yawa, maestro ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar mawaƙa. Ya sami karramawa da halartar tarurruka da yawa inda ’yan siyasa suka yanke shawarar makomar ’yan Adam kawai. Aikin Tikhon shine nemo mafi kyawun yanayi don haɓaka mawaƙa da mawaƙa.
Ya kasance mai bin tsarin gwamnatin Stalin. Ya tallafa masa lokacin da ya "kai hari" mawakan Soviet da mawaƙa. Ainihin, "jerin baƙar fata" na jagora ya haɗa da masu fasahar avant-garde waɗanda ba su dace da ra'ayin gurguzu mai haske ba.
Duk da haka, a cikin tambayoyinsa na baya, mawaki ta kowace hanya ya musanta gaskiyar cewa yana goyon bayan Stalin. Tikhon ya ce yana son akidar gurguzu. Ya kamata a lura cewa maestro yana da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka na jihohi da yawa a cikin arsenal.
Khrennikov kuma ya zama sananne a matsayin mai shirya fim. Ya rubuta maki na kida don fiye da fina-finai 30. A cikin 70s, don faranta wa magoya bayansa, ya hada da yawa ballets.
Bai bar aikinsa ba har zuwa ƙarshe. A cikin sabon karni, ya ci gaba da shirya waltzes da guntu don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kade-kade. Ayyukan kwanan nan sun haɗa da kiɗa don fim ɗin "Comrades biyu" da jerin TV "Moscow Windows".
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar mawaƙin na sirri
Duk da girman matsayinsa da dukiyarsa, ya kasance mai tawali'u. Tikhon ya sha yarda cewa shi mai auren mace ɗaya ne. Duk rayuwarsa ya zauna tare da mace guda, sunansa Clara Arnoldovna Waks.
Matar Maestro ta gane kanta a matsayin ɗan jarida. Abin lura ne cewa a lokacin da suka saba, Clara ta yi aure. Ba za a iya cewa ba ta ji dadin mijinta ba, amma Tikhon bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba. Matar ta ƙi Khrennikov na dogon lokaci, amma bai daina kula da ita ba kuma har yanzu ya sami hanyarsa.
Ita ce musensa kuma babbar mace. Ya sadaukar da waƙar "Kamar dare game da fure" gare ta. Lokacin da Clara ta saurari abun da ke ciki, ba ta yabe ba, amma ta soki maestro. A wannan maraice, ya sake rubuta aikin don ya zama babban gwaninta.
Sun yi wani bikin aure mai ban sha'awa, kuma nan da nan an haifi 'ya mace a cikin iyali, wanda ake kira Natasha. Af, ita ma ta bi sahun mahaifinta mai kirkira. Khrennikov bai taba ajiye kudi ga matarsa da 'yarsa ba. A duk lokacin da zai yiwu, ya yi musu wanka da kyaututtuka da kayayyaki masu daraja.
Mutuwar Tikhon Khrennikov
Ya rasu a ranar 14 ga Agusta, 2007. Ya rasu a babban birnin kasar Rasha. Dalilin mutuwar shi ne gajeriyar rashin lafiya.
