An shigar da Aretha Franklin a cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame a cikin 2008. Wannan mawaƙi ne mai daraja a duniya wanda ya yi waƙa cikin ƙwazo a cikin salon kaɗa da shuɗi, ruhi da bishara.
Sau da yawa ana kiranta sarauniyar rai. Ba wai kawai masu sukar kiɗan masu iko sun yarda da wannan ra'ayi ba, har ma miliyoyin magoya baya a duk faɗin duniya.
Yarantaka da matasa na Aretha Franklin
An haifi Aretha Franklin a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1942 a Memphis, Tennessee. Mahaifin yarinyar yana aiki a matsayin firist, mahaifiyarta kuma tana aikin jinya. Aretha ta tuna cewa mahaifinta ƙwararren mai magana ne, kuma mahaifiyarta mace ce mai kyau. Don dalilan da ba a san yarinyar ba, dangantakar iyayen ba ta ci gaba ba.
Ba da daɗewa ba mafi muni ya faru - iyayen Aretha sun sake aure. Yarinyar taji haushin rabuwar mahaifinta da mahaifiyarta. Sai dangin Franklin suka zauna a Detroit (Michigan). Uwar ba ta son zama a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya tare da tsohon mijinta. Ba ta sami mafita mafi kyau fiye da barin yaran ta tafi New York ba.
Sa’ad da take ɗan shekara 10, an bayyana basirar waƙar Aretha. Uban ya lura cewa ’yarsa tana sha’awar kiɗa kuma ya sa ta cikin mawakan coci. Duk da cewa har yanzu ba a fito da muryar yarinyar ba, 'yan kallo da dama sun taru domin nuna wasan kwaikwayon nata. Uba ya ce Aretha ita ce lu’u-lu’u na Cocin Baptist na Bethel.
Fitar kundi na farko na Aretha Franklin
Hazakar Franklin ta bayyana sarai a tsakiyar shekarun 1950. Daga nan ne ta gabatar da addu’ar “Ya Ubangiji” a gaban ‘yan Ikklisiya dubu 4,5. A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, Arete yana da shekaru 14 kawai. Bishara ta ba da mamaki kuma ta ba mai yin lakabin JVB Records mamaki. Ya ba da damar yin rikodin kundi na farko na Franklin. Ba da daɗewa ba, masu son kiɗa suna jin daɗin waƙoƙin rikodin solo na Aretha, wanda ake kira Waƙoƙin Bangaskiya.
An yi rikodin waƙoƙin kida na kundi na farko yayin wasan mawakan coci. Gabaɗaya, tarin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 9. An sake fitar da wannan kundi sau da yawa.
Daga wannan lokacin, mutum zai yi tunanin cewa aikin waƙar Aretha ya kusa tashi. Amma ba a can. Ta gaya wa mahaifinta game da ciki. Yarinyar ta kasance tana tsammanin ɗa na uku. A lokacin da ta haifi danta, tana da shekara 17.
A ƙarshen 1950s, Franklin ta yanke shawarar cewa ba ta jin daɗin kasancewa uwa ɗaya. Zama a gida tare da yara ya lalata mata sana'ar. Ta bar yaran a hannun Paparoma ta tafi ta ci birnin New York.
Hanyar kirkira ta Aretha Franklin
Bayan ya koma New York, matashin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo bai ɓata lokaci mai daraja ba. Yarinyar ta aika da rikodin The Bishara Soul of Aretha Franklin (sake fitowar wakokin bangaskiya) zuwa kamfanoni da yawa.
Ba duk alamun sun amsa tayin don haɗin gwiwa ba, amma kamfanoni uku sun tuntubi Aretha. A sakamakon haka, mawaƙin baƙar fata ya zaɓi zaɓi don goyon bayan alamar Columbia Records, inda John Hammond ya yi aiki.
Kamar yadda lokaci ya nuna, Franklin ta yi kuskure a lissafinta. Columbia Records ba su da masaniyar yadda za a gabatar da mawaƙa da kyau ga masoya kiɗan. Maimakon barin matashiyar mai wasan kwaikwayo ta samo ta "I", lakabin ya tabbatar mata da matsayin mawakiyar pop.
Shekaru 6, Aretha Franklin ta fitar da kundi kusan 10. Masu sukar kiɗa sun yaba muryar mawaƙin, amma sun faɗi abu ɗaya game da waƙoƙin: "Mai rashin hankali sosai." An rarraba bayanan a wurare masu mahimmanci, amma waƙoƙin ba su shiga cikin ginshiƙi ba.
Wataƙila mafi kyawun kundi na wannan lokacin shine wanda ba a iya mantawa da shi ba - kyauta da aka sadaukar ga mawaƙiyar Aretha da aka fi so Dinah Washington. Aretha Franklin ta ce a cikin ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyinta:
“Na ji Dina tun ina ƙarama. Mahaifina ya san ta da kansa, amma ban sani ba. A asirce, ina sha'awarta. Ina so in sadaukar da waƙoƙi ga Dina. Ban yi ƙoƙarin yin koyi da salonta na musamman ba, na rera waƙoƙinta ne kawai kamar yadda raina ya ji su ... ".
Haɗin kai tare da furodusa Jerry Wexler
A tsakiyar 1960s, kwangilarsa da Columbia Records ta ƙare. Mawallafin rikodin rikodin Atlantic Jerry Wexler ya ba Aretha haɗin gwiwar riba a cikin 1966. Ta yarda. Franklin ta sake fara rera waƙa ta al'ada da ruhinta.
Furodusa yana da kyakkyawan fata ga mai yin wasan. Ya so yin rikodin kundin jazz tare da Music Emporium. Rikicin da ya riga ya kasance na Aretha Franklin Jerry ya so ya dace da kiɗan Eric Clapton, Dwayne Allman da Kissy Houston. Amma kuma, abubuwa ba su tafi daidai da tsari ba.
A lokacin wani zaman studio, mijin Aretha (mai kula da lokaci Ted White) ya tsokani fadan maye da daya daga cikin mawakan. An tilasta wa furodusan korar Franklin da mijinta. Mawakin ya sami damar yin rikodin waƙa ɗaya kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Jerry. Muna magana ne akan waƙar Ban Taba Son Mutum (Hanyar Da Nake Son Ka).
Wannan abun da ke ciki ya zama ainihin bugawa. Aretha ya so ya gama yin rikodin kundin. A cikin 1967, an shirya kundi mai cikakken tsari. Tarin ya haura zuwa matsayi na 2 na ginshiƙi na ƙasa. Aikin waƙar Franklin ya bunƙasa.
Aretha Franklin ta ci gaba da sake cika hotunan ta da kundi. Tarin Lady Soul, wanda aka saki a cikin 1968, ya cancanci kulawa sosai. A cikin 2003, Rolling Stone ya sanya kundin #84 akan jerin su na 500 Mafi Girma Albums na Duk Lokaci.
Lu'u-lu'u na kundin da aka ambata a baya shine abun da ke ciki na girmamawa, wanda ya fara yi shi ne Otis Redding. Abin sha'awa, waƙar ta zama waƙar da ba ta dace ba na ƙungiyoyin mata, kuma Aretha ta zama fuskar mata baƙar fata. Bugu da ƙari, godiya ga wannan waƙa, Franklin ta sami lambar yabo ta Grammy ta farko.
Rage shahararriyar Aretha Franklin
A cikin 1970s, shirye-shiryen kiɗan Aretha Franklin sun yi ƙasa da ƙasa akan jadawalin. A hankali aka manta sunanta. Ba lokaci mafi sauƙi ba ne a rayuwar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. A tsakiyar 1980s, mahaifinta ya mutu, ta sake mijinta ... kuma hannun Aretha ya fadi.
An dawo da actress zuwa rai harbi a cikin fim din "The Blues Brothers" (The Blues Brothers). Fim ɗin yana magana ne game da maza waɗanda suka yanke shawarar farfado da tsohuwar ƙungiyar blues don tura kuɗin zuwa gidan marayu da su da kansu suka taɓa girma. Franklin ya tabbatar da cewa shi ƙwararren mai fasaha ne. Daga baya ta yi tauraro a cikin fim din The Blues Brothers 2000.
Ba da daɗewa ba mawakin daga ƙarshe ya daina sha'awar yin rikodin waƙoƙin solo. Yanzu ta fi yin rikodin waƙoƙin kiɗa a cikin duet. Don haka, waƙar da na san kuna jira, wadda aka gabatar a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 tare da George Michael, ta ɗauki matsayi na 1 a kan Billboard Hot 100.
Bayan nasarar da aka samu, babu ƙarancin haɗin gwiwa tare da Christina Aguilera, Gloria Estefan, Mariah Carey, Frank Sinatra da sauransu suka biyo baya.
Wannan lokacin yana da alamar jadawali na yawon buɗe ido. Aretha Franklin ya yi aiki a kusan kowane kusurwar duniya. Abin sha'awa, ta yi amfani da faifan bidiyo daga kide-kide don ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen bidiyo.
Rayuwar sirrin Aretha Franklin
Ba shi yiwuwa a ce tabbas rayuwar Franklin ta yi nasara. Matar ta yi aure sau biyu. A 1961, ta auri Ted White. A cikin wannan aure, ma'auratan sun rayu tsawon shekaru 8. Sa'an nan Artera ya zama matar Glynn Turman, a cikin 1984 kuma wannan ƙungiya ta rabu.
A jajibirin cikarta shekaru 70, Aretha Franklin ta sanar da cewa za ta yi aure a karo na uku. Sai dai kuma kwanaki kadan kafin bikin, an san cewa matar ta fasa auren.
Franklin kuma ya faru a matsayin uwa. Ta haifi 'ya'ya hudu. Lokacin ƙarami, Aretha ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, Clarence da Edward. A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, mawakiyar ta haifi dan mijinta, yaron mai suna Ted White Jr. An haifi ɗa na ƙarshe a farkon shekarun 1970 ga manaja Ken Cunningham. Franklin ta sawa danta Cecalf.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Aretha Franklin
- Aretha Franklin yana da kyaututtukan Grammy 18. Bugu da ƙari, ta zama mace ta farko da aka shigar da ita a cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum.
- Aretha Franklin ta yi waka a wajen bikin rantsar da shugabannin Amurka uku - Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton da Barack Obama.
- Babban repertoire na Franklin shine rai da R&B, amma a cikin 1998 ta “karye tsarin”. A lambar yabo ta Grammy, mawakiyar ta yi Nessun Dorma daga opera Turandot na Giacomo Puccini.
- Aretha Franklin na tsoron tashi. A lokacin rayuwarta, matar a zahiri ba ta tashi sama ba, amma ta zagaya duniya akan motar da ta fi so.
- An sanya wa wani asteroid suna bayan Aretha. Wannan taron ya faru a baya a cikin 2014. Sunan hukuma na jikin cosmic shine 249516 Aretha.
Mutuwar Aretha Franklin
A cikin 2010, an ba Arete ganewar asali. Mawakin ya kamu da cutar daji. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki. Franklin ya yi a ƙarshe a wani wasan kide-kide don tallafawa Gidauniyar Elton John AIDS a cikin 2017.
A daidai wannan lokacin ne hotunan Aretha masu ban tsoro suka fito - ta yi asarar kilogiram 39 kuma ta gaji. Franklin ya san babu komawa. Ta yi bankwana da masoyinta a gaba. Likitoci sun yi hasashen mutuwar wani sanannen sanannen. Aretha Franklin ta mutu a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 2018 tana da shekaru 76.
