Mstislav Rostropovich - Soviet mawaki, mawaki, shugaba, jama'a adadi. An ba shi lambar yabo da kyaututtuka na jihar, amma, duk da kololuwar aikin mawaƙin, hukumomin Soviet sun haɗa Mstislav a cikin "baƙar fata". Fusatar da hukumomi ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Rostropovich, tare da iyalinsa, ya koma Amurka a tsakiyar 70s.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
Mawakin ya fito daga Baku mai rana. An haife shi a ranar 27 ga Maris, 1927. Iyayen Mstislav suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da kiɗa, don haka sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka kerawa a cikin ɗansu. Shugaban iyali yana buga cello, mahaifiyarsa kuma tana buga piano. ƙwararrun mawaƙa ne. Lokacin da yake da shekaru huɗu, Rostropovich Jr. ya mallaki piano kuma yana iya sake buga waƙoƙin kiɗan da aka ji kwanan nan ta kunne. A 8, mahaifinsa ya koya wa ɗansa wasa cello.
Tuni a cikin farkon 30s, dangi ya koma babban birnin kasar Rasha. A cikin birni, a ƙarshe ya shiga makarantar kiɗa. Uban matashi mai hazaka wanda ya koyar a cibiyar ilimi. A karshen 30s na farko Concert Rostropovich ya faru.
Bayan samun sakandare ilimi, Mstislav ya kara so ya ci gaba a cikin zaba shugabanci. Saurayin ya shiga dakin ajiyar kaya. Ya yi mafarkin ingantawa kuma yana so ya tsara abubuwan ƙira. Mstislav ba zai iya gane da tsare-tsaren, tun lokacin da yakin duniya na biyu ya fara a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. An kwashe dangin zuwa Orenburg. Yana da shekaru 14, ya shiga makarantar kiɗa, inda mahaifinsa ya koyar. A Orenburg Rostropovich fara shirya na farko kide kide.
Farawa na farko ya fara bayan Rostropovich ya sami aiki a gidan wasan opera. Anan ya hada ayyukan piano da cello. A farkon shekarun 40, Mstislav yana bin sahun mawaƙi da mawaƙa mai ban sha'awa.
A cikin 43rd shekara na karshe karni, da Rostropovich iyali koma babban birnin kasar Rasha. Saurayin ya koma karatu a makarantar. Malamai sun yaba da iyawar ɗalibin.
A tsakiyar 40s na karshe karni, ya samu diploma a biyu kwatance lokaci guda: mawaki da cellist. Bayan haka, Mstislav shiga digiri na biyu makaranta. Rostropovich ya fara koyarwa a makarantun kiɗa a St. Petersburg da Moscow.
Mstislav Rostropovich: m hanya
A karshen 40s Mstislav faranta ba kawai Rasha magoya na gargajiya music tare da wasan kwaikwayo - ya ziyarci Kyiv a karon farko. Ya karfafa ikonsa da nasarori a gasar waka. A lokaci guda, Rostropovich ziyarci da dama kasashen Turai. Nasarar duniya tana ƙarfafa ikonsa. Ya ci gaba da inganta iliminsa. Ya so ya zama mafi kyau. Ya inganta fasaharsa kuma yayi aiki tukuru.
A tsakiyar 50s, a Prague Spring Festival, ya sadu da m opera singer Galina Vishnevskaya. Tun daga lokacin, ana yawan ganin su tare. Galina ya yi tare da Mstislav.
Wani lokaci daga baya Rostropovich sanya ya halarta a karon a matsayin shugaba. Ya tsaya a matsayin shugaba a lokacin samar da "Eugene Onegin" a Bolshoi Theater. Ya ji cewa yana wurin da ya dace. Hazakarsa a matsayin jagora ba kawai masu sauraro sun yaba masa ba, har ma da abokan aikinsa.
A ƙarshen 50s, mawaƙin yana cikin buƙatu sosai. A kan kalaman na shahararsa, ya koyar a wani ilimi ma'aikata, gudanar a Bolshoi Theater, yawon shakatawa da kuma rubuta music ayyukansu.
Ya na da nasa ra'ayi a kan komai. Mstislav zai iya magana a fili game da kiɗa na zamani da halin da ake ciki a cikin USSR. Tambayoyin da suka damu maestro ba su yi la'akari da su ba.
Babban taron a cikin al'adun gargajiya shine wasan kwaikwayo na mawaƙa tare da Bach suite. Ya yi aikin ne da kayan kidansa a kusa da bangon Berlin. Ya yi yaƙi da zalunci da mawaƙa da marubuta na Rasha. Har ma ya ba Solzhenitsyn mafaka a cikin dacha nasa. Kuma idan a baya hukumomi sun sha'awar ayyukan al'adu na Mstislav, to, bayan aikin maestro, ya kasance a cikin "jerin baƙar fata". Ministan al'adu na kasar ya sanya masa ido sosai.
Ayyukan sun yi tsada ga maestro. An kore shi daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi. Mstislav ya yanke shawarar a ƙarshe ya rufe iskar oxygen. Yanzu ya kasa yawon shakatawa a kasashen Turai. Ba a ba shi damar yin wasa a cikin makada na babban birnin kasar ba.
Matsar da dangin Rostropovich zuwa Amurka
Mawaƙin ya fahimci matsayinsa, don haka kawai abin da yake so shi ne ya sami visa, ya ɗauki iyalinsa kuma ya bar Tarayyar Soviet. Ya yi nasarar cimma abin da ya kuduri aniyar yi. Ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka tare da iyalinsa. Bayan shekaru 4, da Rostropovich iyali za a hana dan kasa, da kuma zargin cin amana da Motherland.
Motsawa da daidaitawa zuwa Amurka sun kashe Mstislav da gaske. Ya dade bai taka kara ya karya ba, amma a halin da ake ciki, an tilasta wa mutumin ya ciyar da iyalinsa. Bayan lokaci, zai fara gudanar da kide-kide na farko ga masoya wakokin Amurka. Lamarin ya canza sosai bayan ya zama darektan zane-zane na kungiyar kade-kade ta Symphony na Washington.
Bayan shekaru 16 na rayuwa a cikin kasashen waje, amincewa ya zo ga maestro. An dauke shi a matsayin gwani na gaske. Gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet har ma tayi wa mawaki da matarsa su koma ƙasarsu tare da dawowar zama ɗan ƙasa, amma Rostropovich bai yi la'akari da zaɓi na komawa Tarayyar Soviet ba. A lokacin, ya dace da Amurka sosai.
Ƙofofin kusan kowace ƙasa an buɗe don dangin Rostropovich. Mstislav ko da ya ziyarci Moscow. Lokacin da ya koma Rasha, ya kasance mai laushi. A 1993, ya yanke shawarar komawa St. Petersburg.
Mstislav Rostropovich: cikakkun bayanai na rayuwarsa
Mawaƙin Opera Galina Vishnevskaya yana son mawaƙin a farkon gani. A cikin daya daga cikin tambayoyin, ya gaya yadda ya yi ƙoƙari ya kula da kyau: ya kula da ita, ya cika da daruruwan yabo kuma ya canza tufafi sau da yawa a rana. Mstislav bai taba bambanta da kyau ba. Ya yi farin ciki da ganin Galina.
A lokacin ganawar Galina ya kasance a kololuwar shahara. Dubban maza a duniya sun yi mafarki game da ita. Mstislav ya lashe zuciyar wata mace mai ban sha'awa tare da dabi'un aristocratic da hankali. A rana ta 4 da haduwarsu, mawakin ya yi maganar aure da matar. Galina, wacce ta ɗan ji kunya saboda gudun abubuwan da suka faru, ta rama.
Na ɗan lokaci ma'auratan sun zauna a gidan iyayen Mstislav. Bayan shekara guda ta sayawa danginta gida. A tsakiyar shekarun 50, Galina ta haifi 'yar mijinta, mai suna Olga. Mawakin ya haukace da matarsa. Ya cika mata kyaututtuka masu tsada, bai hana ta komai ba.
A ƙarshen 50s, an haifi 'yar ta biyu, wanda iyaye masu ƙauna suna Elena. Duk da yawan shagaltuwa, mahaifin ya yi karatun waƙa da ’ya’yansa mata kuma ya kasance tare da su sosai.
Mutuwar mawaki
A cikin 2007, mawaƙin ya ji mummunan rauni. A cikin shekarar an kwantar da shi a asibiti sau da yawa. Likitoci sun gano wani ƙari a hantar maestro. Bayan ganewar asali, likitoci sun yi aikin tiyata, amma jikin Rostropovich ya yi mummunar mummunar tasiri ga sa baki. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu 2007, ya rasu. Ciwon daji da sakamakon gyarawa ya kashe mawaƙin rai.
