Ana kiransa mawaki kuma mawaki daga "jerin harbi". Nikolai Zhilyaev ya zama sananne a cikin gajeren rayuwarsa a matsayin mawaƙa, mawaki, malami, jama'a. A lokacin rayuwarsa, an gane shi a matsayin wani iko da ba za a iya jayayya ba.
Hukumomi sun yi ƙoƙari su shafe aikinsa daga doron ƙasa, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci ya yi nasara. Har zuwa 80, kawai 'yan san game da ayyukan Zhilyaev. Ayyukan sana'a na Nikolaev sune koyarwa (haɗin kai), nazarin rubutu da gyaran kiɗa.
Yara da matasa na Nikolai Zhilyaev
Ranar haihuwar Maestro ita ce Oktoba 6, 1881. An haife shi a yankin Kursk. Kusan babu abin da aka sani game da shekarun ƙuruciyar Nikolai. Abin da ke bayyana a fili shi ne cewa ya fito daga iyali na talakawa.
Tun yana karami yake sha'awar waka. Lokacin da yake matashi, Nikolai yana wasa da kayan kida da yawa. Giftedness da sha'awar ci gaba a 1896 kawo shi zuwa babban birnin kasar Rasha - Moscow.
Tsawon shekaru uku, saurayin yana daukar darussa cikin jituwa, yawan sautin murya mai tsauri, fugue da sigar kiɗa daga S.I. Taneeva. Zhilyaev ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi basira dalibai na malami.
Ya sha'awar ingantawa, sabili da haka nan da nan ya shiga cikin kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Konyus. Nikolay ba zai iya tunanin rayuwarsa ba tare da kiɗa ba. Malamai kamar yadda suka yi hasashen kyakkyawar makomar kiɗa a gare shi.
Ba da da ewa ya sauke karatu daga Moscow Conservatory. A farkon sabon karni, ya hada da halarta a karon Overture, kazalika da Scherzo for string quartet. A matsayin aikin jarrabawa, mawaki ya gabatar da cantata "Samson".
Af, ya hada karatunsa a conservatory da koyarwa. Don haka, ya koyar da kiɗa ga ɗa da jikanyar marubucin Rasha Leo Tolstoy. Har ila yau, sanannen philanthropist Morozova, da kuma nan gaba Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet, M.N. Tukhachevsky, ya zo azuzuwan.
Ayyukan Nikolai Zhilyaev
Lokacin da Nikolai Zhilyaev ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin sabon masani, ya ambaci, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, cewa shi ne na farko mawaƙa, kuma sai kawai mawaƙa. Maestro cikin basira ya buga piano da gabo.
A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya sami damar buga wakoki kaɗan ne kawai. Yawancin aikin ba su kai ga mutanen zamani ba. A lokacin rayuwarsa, masu sha'awar aikin Zhilyaev sun iya jin daɗin guntuwar da ya yi don piano da violin, na murya da piano.
Aikin mawallafin ya sami tasiri sosai daga maestro Grieg na waje. Don sanin gunkinsa, Nikolai ya tafi Norway musamman. Ya samu ya ziyarci mawakin. Tafiya ta haifar ba kawai a sami kyakkyawar masaniya ba, har ma a cikin nazarin harshen Norwegian.
Bayan ya zo daga Norway, ya ɗauki wani sunan mai suna Peer Gynt. Mafi mahimmanci, gaskiyar ƙaunar ƙauna ga abubuwan da Grieg ya yi ya rinjayi shawarar ɗaukar irin wannan suna don kansa. Da wannan sunan ya sanya hannu kan labaran nasa. Domin wani lokaci, Nikolai yi aiki a cikin gida jarida, nazarin ayyukan Soviet composers. Zhilyaev ya inganta iliminsa a duk rayuwarsa. Mutum ne mai zurfin ilimi kuma ya san harsuna 5.
Shekaru da yawa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sukar kiɗa a cikin sanannen littafin Rasha na Golden Fleece. Bayan wani lokaci, ya buga gwani articles a cikin mujallar "Moscow Weekly" da "Music".
Nikolai Zhilyaev kwararre ne akan bayanin kula. An buga labaransa a cikin mujallolin "Zuwa New Shores", "Modern Music", "Musical Nov" da sauransu. Tare da ra'ayin ƙwararrunsa, ya "tafiya" ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar 'yan uwansa. Ya ƙawata aikin Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Alexandrov, Scriabin.
A wannan lokacin yana yawan tafiye-tafiye. Zhilyaev ya ziyarci ba kawai birane da yawa na jiharsa ba, har ma ya ziyarci Austria, Jamus, Norway. Hukumomin ba su yaba sha’awar Nikolai na yin nazarin duniya ba.
Nikolai Zhilyaev: shiga matsayin marubucin littafi a hedkwatar Tukhachevsky
A 1911 ya zama wani ɓangare na "Kida da Theoretical Library" al'umma. Zhilyaev - tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da mawaki Scriabin. Yana taimaka masa ya gyara wasu daga cikin sassan. Da yake tsammanin mutuwarsa ta kusa, Alexander ya yanke shawarar ba wa Nikolai wani ɓangare na aikin.
Masanin kusanci da Scriabin ya ba shi damar ziyartar gidan mawaƙa na Moscow sau da yawa. Ya ziyarci Alexander a dacha kuma yana daya daga cikin na farko don sauraron marigayi sonatas na abun da ke ciki wanda marubucin ya yi.
A lokacin yakin basasa, ya yi aiki a hedkwatar M. N. Tukhachevsky, inda ya dauki matsayi na bibliographer. Daga baya, zai biya cikakken biya domin samun wani irin dangane da Mikhail Nikolaevich.
Daga tsakiyar 30s na karshe karni, ya fara sadarwa a hankali tare da Shostakovich. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin mawaƙa ta kasance da alaƙa da sunan Tukhachevsky da aka ambata, wanda abokantaka ya zama m ga Nikolai.
Ayyukan edita - ya mamaye rabon zaki na lokacin aiki na Nikolai. Ya kasance memba na kwamitin edita na bangaren Gosizdat. An jera shi a matsayin marubucin kwafi na piano Allegro ta A. Scriabin (an buga aikin a ƙarshen 20s ƙarƙashin taken Symphonic Poem for Orchestra). Bugu da ƙari, ya buga C. Debussy's Symphony (1933), wanda ya tsara a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa.
Zhilyaev shi ne marubucin litattafai da yawa a kan tarihin kiɗa. Ba shi yiwuwa a ambaci aikin da ya fi shahara, wanda ya rubuta tare da N.A. Metlov. Yana da game da "Music Reader".
A tsakiyar 20s na karshe karni, ya aka nada malami a Moscow Conservatory. Ya ba wa makarantar ilimi fiye da shekaru 10. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Nikolai ya koyar da darussan ka'idar don mawaƙa ɗalibai. Bayan wani lokaci Zhilyaev zai koyar da kawai free abun da ke ciki.
Nikolai Zhilyaev: kama mawaki
Da zarar mawaƙin ya zo Nina Fedorovna Teplinskaya, wanda a wancan lokacin ya rike mukamin darektan ɗakin karatu. Ya nemi a ajiye wasu bayanan. A lokacin, mawaƙa da mawaƙa da yawa waɗanda suke tsoron ajiye rubuce-rubucen a gida sun yi haka. Maestro ya yi imanin cewa ɗakin karatu shine kawai wurin da bayanan za su kasance lafiya. Ya yi wa Teplinskaya alkawari zai dawo nan ba da jimawa ba ... amma wannan ita ce ganawarsu ta ƙarshe.
A farkon Nuwamba, Hukumar Jama'a ta Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Tarayyar Soviet ta kama shi. An zargi Nicholas da ayyukan yaki da juyin juya hali da kuma leken asiri. A wannan lokacin, irin waɗannan zarge-zarge sun kasance "sanya" ga yawancin al'adun Tarayyar Soviet. Hukumar NKVD ta kwace ma'ajiyar ajiyarsa da wani katafaren dakin karatu - littattafai da kade-kade.
An kama shi a cikin "harka Tukhachevsky". Nikolai ya fada cikin rafi na "hit lists" wanda ya shiga cikin aikin Hukumar Kula da Cikin Gida na Tarayyar Soviet bayan Disamba 1, 1934 (kisan SM Kirov).
Magana: "Batun Tukhachevsky" wani shari'a ne kan zargin gungun manyan shugabannin sojojin Soviet karkashin jagorancin Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky da shirya makarkashiyar soji don kwace mulki.
Sunan wanda ya yi tir da mawakin A.A. Kovalensky - an yanke shi a cikin zanga-zangar mai gabatar da kara na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin shari'ar Zhilyaev. Bayan 'yan watanni, an harbe wanda ya zagi mawakin.
Bayan shekara guda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An zartar da hukuncin ne a ranar da aka yanke hukuncin. A cikin 60s na karni na karshe, an sake bincika lamarin. Ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1938. A karshen Afrilu 1961 Zhilyaev aka cikakken gyara.
