A wani lokaci a farkon karni na 21, Radiohead ya zama fiye da ƙungiya ɗaya kawai: sun zama tushen ga dukan abubuwa marasa tsoro da masu ban sha'awa a cikin dutse. Hakika sun gaji sarauta daga gare ta David Bowie, Pink Floyd и Magana Magana.
Ƙungiya ta ƙarshe ta ba Radiohead sunansu, waƙa daga kundi na 1986 Gaskiya Labarun. Amma Radiohead bai taba yin sauti iri ɗaya da Heads ba, kuma ba su ɗauki wani abu mai yawa daga Bowie ba sai dai shirye-shiryensa na gwaji.
Samar da Ƙungiyar Radiohead
Kowane memba na Radiohead dalibi ne a Makarantar Oxfordshire Abingdon. Ed O'Brien (guitar) da Phil Selway (ganguna) tsofaffi ne, sannan Thom Yorke ɗan shekara ɗaya (vocals, guitar, piano) da Colin Greenwood (bass).
Mawakan huɗun sun fara wasa a cikin 1985 kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka ƙara ɗan'uwan Colin Johnny, wanda a baya ya yi wasa a cikin Hannun Ilmi tare da ɗan'uwan Yorke Andy da Nigel Powell, cikin ƙungiyar.
Johnny ya fara kunna madannai amma daga baya ya koma guitar. A shekara ta 1987, duk sai Johnny ya tafi jami'a, inda yawancin ɗaliban suka yi karatun kiɗa, amma sai a 1991 quintet ya sake haɗuwa kuma ya fara yin wasanni akai-akai a Oxford.
A ƙarshe sun ɗauki hankalin Chris Hufford - wanda a lokacin aka sani da furodusan Shoegaze Slowdive - wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin demo tare da abokin aikinsa Bryce Edge. Ba da daɗewa ba suka zama manajan ƙungiyar.
Kunna Juma'a zuwa Gidan Rediyo
EMI ta ɗan saba da demos ɗin ƙungiyar, inda ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar a 1991 kuma tana ba da shawarar canza sunan su. Ƙungiyar da ake kira Ranar Juma'a ta zama Radiohead. A ƙarƙashin sabon sunan, sun yi rikodin EP Drill na farko tare da Hufford da The Edge, suna fitar da rikodin a watan Mayu 1992. Ƙungiyar ta shiga ɗakin studio tare da masu samarwa Paul Caldery da Sean Slade don yin rikodin kundi na farko na tsawon lokaci.
'Ya'yan itacen farko na waɗannan zaman shine "Creep", wanda aka saki a cikin Burtaniya a cikin Satumba 1992. "Creep" bai sake fitowa a ko'ina ba da farko. Mako-mako na kiɗa na Birtaniyya sun yi watsi da faifan, kuma rediyon bai ɗauka a iska ba.
Hangen farko na shahararsa
Pablo Honey, kundi na farko na band din, ya bayyana a watan Fabrairun 1993, wanda "Kowa Zai Iya Kunna Guitar" guda ɗaya, amma babu sakin da ya sami shahara sosai a ƙasarsu ta Burtaniya.
A wannan lokacin, duk da haka, "Creep" ya fara daukar hankalin masu sauraro daga wasu ƙasashe. Da farko, waƙar ta yi fice a cikin Isra'ila, amma babban tashin hankali ya fito ne daga Amurka, wacce ta fuskanci madadin juyin juya halin dutse.
Tasirin gidan rediyon San Francisco KITS ya ƙara "Creep" zuwa jerin waƙoƙin su. Don haka rikodin ya bazu tare da bakin tekun yamma da kuma akan MTV, ya zama ainihin bugawa. Waƙar ta kusan kai lamba ɗaya a kan ginshiƙi na Dutsen Dutse na Billboard kuma ya hau lamba 34 akan Hot 100.
Za mu iya cewa wannan babbar nasara ce ga ƙungiyar guitar ta Burtaniya. "Creep" da aka sake sakewa ya zama babban jigo goma na Burtaniya, wanda ya kai lamba bakwai a cikin kaka na 1993. Ƙungiyar da ba ta yi nasara ba ba zato ba tsammani tana da ƙarin magoya baya fiye da yadda za su yi tsammani.
Hanya don ganewa don Radiohead
Radiohead ya ci gaba da rangadi tare da Pablo Honey a cikin 1994, amma babu wasu abubuwan da suka biyo baya, wanda ya sa masu sukar suka yi shakkar cewa sun kasance ƙungiya mai bugun jini. Irin wannan sukar ya yi nauyi a kan ƙungiyar, waɗanda suka nemi naɗa sabbin waƙoƙin su. Sun sami wannan damar a farkon 1994 lokacin da suka shiga ɗakin studio don yin aiki tare da furodusa John Leckie - wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa tare da Stone Roses akan 1994 EP My Iron.
EP mai ƙarfi da kishi ya ba da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da yadda kundin Bends zai kasance. An sake shi a cikin Maris 1995, The Bends ya nuna cewa Radiohead yana girma da kiɗa. Kundin ya kasance mai farin jini sosai da gwaji.
Bayan haka, masu suka a Burtaniya sun yarda da rukunin, kuma jama'a a ƙarshe sun bi sawun: babu ɗayan guda uku na farko ("High and Dry", "Bishiyoyin Filastik na Karya", "Just") bai tashi sama da #17 a Burtaniya ba. ginshiƙi, amma na ƙarshe "Ruhun Titin (Fade Out)" ya kai lamba biyar a ƙarshen 1996.
A Amurka, The Bends ya tsaya a lamba 88 akan ginshiƙi na Billboard, amma rikodin ya sami karɓuwa a tsakanin masu sauraro. Kuma ƙungiyar ba ta daina yawon shakatawa tare da wannan aikin ba, buɗe nunin Arewacin Amurka don REM a 1995 da Alanis Morissette a 1996.
Radiohead: Ci gaban Shekara
A lokacin 1995 da 1996 ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin sabon abu tare da Nigel Godrich, mai shirya ƙungiyar. Ɗayan "Sa'a" ya fito a cikin kundin sadaka na 1995 "Albam Taimako", "Mai watsa shiri Magana" ya bayyana a gefen B, kuma "Fita Kiɗa (Don Fim)" ya bayyana a matsayin sautin sauti ga Baz Luhrmann's "Romeo da Juliet ".
Waƙar ta ƙarshe ita ma ta bayyana akan OK Computer, kundi na Yuni 1997 wanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin aikin Radiohead.
"Paranoid Android", wani kyakkyawan aiki da aka fitar a matsayin guda ɗaya a watan Mayu na waccan shekarar, ya kai lamba uku a cikin sigogin Burtaniya. Ya kasance mafi girma a yau a cikin Burtaniya.
Ci gaba shine ainihin abin da OK Computer ta zama, rikodin da ya zama maɓalli ba kawai ga Radiohead ba, har ma da dutse a cikin 90s. Tare da sake dubawa da kuma madaidaicin tallace-tallace masu ƙarfi, OK Computer ta rufe kofofin zuwa hedonism na Britpop da duhu grunge motifs, buɗe sabuwar hanya zuwa hankali, dutsen fasaha mai ban sha'awa inda kayan lantarki suka kasance tare da guitars.
A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, tasirin ƙungiyar zai bayyana, amma kundin kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙungiyar kanta. Kundin ya yi muhawara a lamba ɗaya a Burtaniya kuma ya ci Grammy don Mafi kyawun Album Madadin. Radiohead ya tallafa masa a wani balaguron kasa da kasa da aka rubuta a cikin fim din "Haɗuwar Mutane Yana Da Sauƙi".
Kid A da Amnesiac
A lokacin Haɗuwa da Mutane Yana da Sauƙi don buga wasan kwaikwayo, ƙungiyar ta fara aiki a kan kundi na huɗu, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da furodusa Godrich. Kundin da aka samu, Kid A, ya ninka kan gwajin gwajin OK Computer, yana rungumar kayan lantarki da nutsewa cikin jazz.
An sake shi a cikin Oktoba 2000, Kid A yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kundi na farko da aka yi wa fashi ta hanyar ayyukan raba fayil, amma waɗannan zamba ba su da tasiri mai tasiri akan tallace-tallacen rikodin: kundin da aka yi muhawara a lamba ɗaya a Burtaniya da Amurka.
Bugu da ƙari, kundin ya ci Kyauta mafi kyawun Album a Grammys, kuma ko da yake bai fito da kowane ɗan wasa da ya yi nasara ba (hakika, ba a fitar da ɗigo daga cikin kundin ba), an ba da takardar shaidar platinum a ƙasashe da yawa.
Amnesiac, tarin sabbin abubuwa wanda ya fara a lokacin zaman Kid A, ya bayyana a watan Yuni 2001, yana saman sigogin Burtaniya kuma ya kai lamba biyu a Amurka.
An san mawaƙa guda biyu daga kundin - "Song Pyramid" da "Knives Out" - alamar cewa kundin ya fi kasuwanci fiye da wanda ya riga shi.
Ga barawo da karya
A ƙarshen shekara, ƙungiyar ta fito da I May Be Wrong: Live Recordings, kuma a lokacin rani na 2002 sun mai da hankalinsu ga yin rikodin sabon kundi tare da Godrich. Sakamakon "Kanƙara ga Barawo" ya bayyana a watan Yuni 2003, kuma ya sake yin muhawara a saman jadawalin kasa da kasa - lamba daya a Burtaniya da lamba uku a Amurka.
Ƙungiyar ta goyi bayan kundin tare da nunin raye-raye, wanda ya ƙare a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar a Coachella 2004, wanda ya zo daidai da sakin COM LAG b-sides da remixes. Wannan rikodin ya taimaka amintaccen kwangila tare da EMI.
A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, Radiohead sun kasance a ranar Asabar yayin da kowane mambobi ke bin ayyukan solo. A cikin 2006, Yorke ya fito da aikin solo na lantarki zalla The Eraser, kuma Jonny Greenwood ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaki, wanda ya fara da 2004's Bodysong, sannan ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da Paul Thomas Anderson a 2007 don Will Will Be Blood. Har ila yau, Greenwood zai yi aiki a kan fina-finai na Anderson, The Master and Inherent Vice.
Sabuwar hanyar zuwa tallace-tallace
Yawancin zaman da ba su yi nasara ba tare da Spike Stent sun jagoranci ƙungiyar don komawa Godrich zuwa ƙarshen 2006, suna gama yin rikodi a cikin Yuni 2007. Har yanzu ba tare da lakabin rikodin ba, sun yanke shawarar fitar da kundin ta hanyar lambobi ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon su, kyale masu amfani su biya kowane adadin. Wannan sabuwar dabarar ta yi aiki a matsayin tallan kundi na kansa - galibin labarai game da sakin wannan aikin sun yi iƙirarin cewa juyin juya hali ne.
Kundin ya sami sakin jiki a cikin Burtaniya a watan Disamba sannan a fitar da Amurka a Janairu 2008. Rikodin ya sayar da kyau, yana yin muhawara a lamba ɗaya a Burtaniya kuma ya ci Grammy don Mafi kyawun Album Madadin Kiɗa.
Radiohead ya zagaya don tallafawa A cikin Rainbows a cikin 2009, kuma yayin ziyarar, EMI ta saki Radiohead: Mafi kyawun a cikin Yuni 2008. Ƙungiyar ta sake ci gaba da dakatarwa a cikin 2010, yana ba da damar Yorke ya kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira Atoms for Peace tare da mai shirya Godrich da Flea daga Red Hot Chili Pepper.
A wannan lokacin, mai buga waƙa Phil Selway ya fitar da kundi na farko na solo, Familial.
Album Sarkin Gagaru
A farkon 2011, ƙungiyar ta kammala aiki akan sabon kundi kuma, kamar yadda yake a cikin Rainbows a baya, Radiohead ya fara fitar da Sarkin gaɓoɓi ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon su. Zazzagewa sun bayyana a watan Fabrairu kuma kwafi na zahiri sun bayyana a cikin Maris.
Album na Radiohead na tara, A Moon Shaped Pool, an sake shi a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2016, tare da waƙoƙin "Burn the Witch" da "Daydreaming" da aka fitar a farkon mako. Radiohead ya goyi bayan Pool mai siffar wata a wani balaguron kasa da kasa kuma a watan Yuni 2017 sun yi bikin cika shekaru 20 na OK Computer tare da sake fitar da kundi guda biyu na kundin mai suna OKNOTOK.
Godiya ga kari da yawa da abubuwan da ba a fitar da su a baya, sigar lamba ta biyu ta shiga sigogin Burtaniya kuma an sami goyan bayan babban wasan kwaikwayon talabijin a Glastonbury. A cikin shekara ta gaba, Selway, York da Greenwood sun fitar da sautin fina-finai, kuma na ƙarshe ya sami kyautar Oscar don makinsa a cikin Fati.
