Ravi Shankar mawaki ne kuma mawaki. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun kuma masu tasiri na al'adun Indiya. Ya bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen yada wakokin gargajiya na kasarsa a cikin al’ummar Turai.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
An haifi Ravi a Varanasi ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1920. An girma a cikin babban iyali. Iyaye sun lura da son halittar ɗansu, don haka suka aika da shi zuwa ƙungiyar choreographic na kawunsa Uday Shankar. Kungiyar ta zagaya ba kawai a kasarsu ta Indiya ba. Taron ya sha kai ziyara kasashen Turai.
Ravi ya ji daɗin rawa, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya sha'awar wani salon fasaha - kiɗa. A ƙarshen 30s, ya yanke shawarar koyon yin wasan sitar. Allaudin Kan ya amince yayi karatu da wani matashi mai hazaka.
Da sauri ya koyi yin kida. Har ila yau Ravi ya haɓaka salon nasa na gabatar da ayyukan kiɗa. Ya kama kansa yana tunanin cewa ya fi son ingantawa. A cikin tsakiyar 40s, ya tsara abubuwan da ya fara gabatarwa.
Hanyar kirkira da kiɗan Ravi Shankar
Farkon Ravi-sitarist ya faru ne a ƙarshen 30s a Allahabad. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da ya yi waka a matsayin mawaƙin solo. Wakilan masana’antar waka sun lura da saurayin da sauri. Bayan haka, ya fara samun ƙarin abubuwa masu jan hankali. A cikin tsakiyar 40s, ya tsara rakiyar kiɗa don ballet Immortal India. Umurnin ya fito ne daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci.
A karshen shekarun 40 ya zauna a Bombay. Ravi ya fara tattaunawa da masu al'adu. Yana tsara kade-kade don wasan ballet da opera, yana yin kida a matsayin mawaƙin zama cikin ƙungiyoyi da yawon buɗe ido akai-akai.
Bayan rubuta kiɗa don ballet "Ganowar Indiya" - nasara ta sami Ravi. A zahiri ya farka a matsayin shahararren mawaki. Ba da daɗewa ba ya ɗauki matsayin darektan shirye-shiryen kiɗa. Bayan shekara guda, ya zama shugaban gidan rediyon All India Radio. Har zuwa tsakiyar 50s, ya yi aiki a rediyo.
A tsakiyar 50s, Soviet music masoya sun san aikin Shankar, da kuma kamar wata shekaru daga baya sun san game da shi a kasashen Turai da kuma Amurka. A ƙasarsa ta haihuwa, farin jinin Ravi ya yi yawa. An girmama shi kuma aka yi masa shirka. A shekara ta 1956, mai zane ya gamsu da sakin kundin solo. Album din shi ake kira Three Ragas.
Shaharancin Ravi Shankar
A cikin 60s na karni na karshe, kololuwar shaharar al'adun Indiya ya zo. Ga Ravi, wannan yanayin yana nufin abu ɗaya - ƙimarsa ta shiga cikin rufin. Wani memba na sanannen Beatles, George Harrison, yana cikin masu sha'awar aikin Shankar. George ya zama dalibin Ravi. A cikin ayyukansa na kiɗa, ya yi amfani da motif na Indiya. Bayan ɗan lokaci, Harrison ya ɗauki nauyin samar da LP da yawa ta mawakin Indiya.
A ƙarshen shekarun 60, maestro ya buga abubuwan tunawa da shi a cikin Turanci, My Music, My Life. A yau, abubuwan da aka gabatar suna dauke da mafi kyawun aikin da aka sadaukar don kiɗan Indiya na gargajiya. Bayan shekaru biyu ya buga tarihin rayuwa na biyu, wanda George Harrison ya shirya.
A cikin tsakiyar 70s, LP Shankar dangi da abokai sun fara farawa. Magoya bayan sun tarbi tarin tare da buge-buge. A kan kalaman shahararru, maestro yana gabatar da bikin Kiɗa na Indiya. Ya shafe shekaru masu zuwa a manyan bukukuwa. A farkon shekarun 80s, Ravi ya yi wasa a kan mataki a zauren bikin Royal a London.
Aikin mawallafin ba kawai na gargajiya ba ne. Ya ba da shawarar ingantawa kuma yana jin daɗin gwaji tare da sauti. Domin dogon m aiki, ya hada kai da daban-daban na kasashen waje artists. Wannan yakan fusata magoya bayan Indiya, amma tabbas bai rage girmamawa ga mai zane ba.
Mutum ne mai ilimi kuma haziki. Ravi ya yi nasarar samun karbuwa a fagen waka. Sau da yawa yana rike da babbar lambar yabo ta Grammy a hannunsa, shi ma ya mallaki digirin digiri 14.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri na mai zane
A farkon 40s, ya auri m Annapurna Devi. Bayan shekaru biyu, dangi ya zama mafi ta mutum ɗaya - matar ta haifi magajin Ravi. Matar kuma ta kasance na masu kirkira. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama da wuya su kasance ƙarƙashin rufin. Amma, Ravi da Annapurne ba su rabu ba saboda yanayin rikici. Gaskiyar ita ce, matar ta kama mijinta yana yaudara tare da dan wasan Kamalov Shastri.
Bayan kisan aure, an sami kwanciyar hankali a gaban Ravi na ɗan lokaci. Ba da daɗewa ba jama'a sun sami labarin al'amarin Shankar da Sue Jones. A faɗuwar rana a cikin 70s, ma'auratan suna da 'ya mace. A 1986, magoya bayan sun san cewa Ravi ya bar mace. Kamar yadda ya juya, yana da dangantaka a gefe.
Sukanye Rajan - ya zama ƙauna ta ƙarshe na mawaki. Ma'auratan sun kasance a cikin dangantaka mai zurfi na dogon lokaci, amma ba da daɗewa ba maestro ya ba da shawara ga yarinyar. A cikin shekara ta 81 na karni na karshe, ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya mace. Duk 'ya'yan Ravi uku suka bi sawun mahaifinsu. Suna yin kiɗa.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da mawaki Ravi Shankar
- A ƙarshen 60s, ya halarci bikin almara na Woodstock.
- A cikin 80s ya ba da kide-kide tare da Yehudi Menuhin da kansa.
- Harrison ya ce game da aikin mawaki: "Ravi shine uban kiɗan duniya."
- A ƙarshen 90s, an ba shi lambar yabo mafi girma a Indiya, lambar yabo ta Bharat Ratna.
- Aikin mawaƙin na duniya yana cikin littafin Guinness Book of Records a matsayin mafi tsayi a duniya.
Mutuwar maestro
A farkon shekarun 90s, an yi wa mawakin tiyatar zuciya. Ravi ya shigar da bawul na musamman wanda ya daidaita aikin zuciya. Bayan tiyata, ya koma rayuwa mai aiki. Likitoci sun dage cewa ya bar filin wasan, amma Ravi ya ci gaba da ba da kide-kide har 40 a shekara. Mawaƙin ya yi alkawarin yin ritaya a shekara ta 2008, amma duk da haka, ya yi aiki har zuwa 2011.
A watan Disambar 2012, yanayinsa ya tabarbare sosai. Mawakin ya fara korafin cewa numfashinsa ke da wuya. Likitocin sun yanke shawarar sake yin tiyatar. Manufar tiyata ita ce sake maye gurbin bawul.
Zuciyarsa ta kasa tsira daga wannan hadadden aikin. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 92 a duniya. Ana adana ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mawakin Indiya ta hanyar kaɗe-kaɗensa na kiɗa, rikodin kide-kide da hotuna da aka buga a Intanet.
