Sergei Rachmaninov - taska na Rasha. Mawaƙi mai hazaka, madugu da mawaƙa ya ƙirƙiro salo na musamman na sautin ayyukan gargajiya. Rachmaninov za a iya bi da daban-daban. Amma ba wanda zai yi jayayya da gaskiyar cewa ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban kiɗan gargajiya.
Yarantaka da matashin mawaki
An haifi shahararren mawaki a cikin ƙananan gidaje na Semyonovo. Duk da haka, Rachmaninov ciyar da yara da matasa a Onega. Sergey ya tuna da yarinta tare da zafi na musamman.
Sergey yana da kowane zarafi ya zama sanannen mawaki. Gaskiyar ita ce mahaifinsa ya rera waƙa da kyau kuma ya buga kayan kida da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Kuma kakan (a bangaren uba) ya kasance mawakin kotu. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa kiɗa na gargajiya sau da yawa a cikin gidan Rachmaninoffs.
Rachmaninov Jr. ya kware da kide-kide tun daga kuruciyarsa. Da farko, mahaifiyar ta kasance tare da yaron, sannan kuma ƙwararren malami. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 9, Sergei ya shiga cikin Conservatory na St. Petersburg. Wani mataki ne mai mahimmanci wanda ya taimaki Rachmaninov ƙarshe yanke shawara akan sana'arsa ta gaba.
Bayan ya bar gidansa tun yana ƙarami, ƙaramin Seryozha ya faɗi cikin jaraba. Darussan kiɗa sun ɓace a bango, ya fara tsallake karatu. Ba da da ewa, rector ya gayyaci Rachmaninov Sr. don tattaunawa kuma ya shawarce shi don canja wurin dansa zuwa makarantar kwana mai zaman kansa don yara masu basira, wanda yake a Moscow. Ya kasance babban zaɓi ga mutumin da ya jajirce. A cikin gidan kwana, an lura da daliban. Akwai tsari da tsauraran dokoki. Mutanen sun tsunduma cikin kiɗa na 6 hours a rana. Kuma bayan gajiyar darussa, sun ziyarci Philharmonic da Opera House.
Rachmaninoff yana da hali mai rikitarwa sosai. Bayan 'yan shekaru, ya yi jayayya da mai ba shi shawara kuma ya yanke shawarar barin karatunsa har abada. An ce malamin ya ba Sergei gidaje a gidansa, amma Rachmaninov yana so mafi kyawun yanayi. Rigimar ta faru ne a matakin gida.
Sergey ya zauna a babban birnin kasar tare da dangi na kusa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sake shiga ɗakin ajiyar kayan tarihi, wannan lokacin a babban sashen. Ya kammala karatunsa a cibiyar ilimi da lambar zinare. Ya sauke karatu a matsayin mai wasan piano da mawaki.
Aiki na mawaki Sergei Rachmaninov
Bayan kammala karatun, Sergey ya sami aiki a matsayin malami. Ya koya wa matasa mata buga piano a cibiyoyin mata. A cikin wannan aikin, Rachmaninov ya jawo hankalin abu ɗaya kawai - damar da za a iya sadarwa tare da jima'i mafi kyau. A gaskiya ya ƙi koyarwa. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin madugu a Bolshoi Theatre a babban birnin kasar. Ya kuma jagoranci kungiyar makada a lokacin da suke gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo daga repertore na Rasha.
Abin lura ne, amma lokacin da aka shirya wasan kwaikwayo daga wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasashen waje, baƙon I.K. Altani ne ke da alhakinsu. Bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba, maestro ya yanke shawarar barin ƙasarsa. An ba shi damar yin wasan kwaikwayo a Stockholm. Bayan ya yi rawar gani, bai yi gaggawar komawa Rasha ba.
Lokacin da Rachmaninov ya amince ya gudanar da wani shagali a Stockholm kuma ya yi magana game da niyyarsa ta zama ɗan ƙasar wata ƙasa, an hana shi kuɗi da dukiya. Amma Sergei bai damu sosai ba. Bayan ya buga kide-kide da yawa, ya wadatar da kansa kuma ya kawo danginsa zuwa sabon matsayi.
A m hanya na mawaki Sergei Rachmaninov
Ko da yake karatu a ɗakin ajiyar ajiya, Rachmaninoff ya riga ya sami wani iko a cikin manyan da'irori. Amma shahararsa bai wuce babban birnin kasar Rasha ba. Sannan ya gabatar da wasan kide-kide na piano na farko, farkon gabatarwa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan C-kaifi da yawancin soyayya masu sokin rai.
Aikin tsara maestro, wanda ya fara da kyau, ba da daɗewa ba ya tsaya. Gaskiyar ita ce Symphony No. 1 ya juya ya zama "kasa". Bayan ta gabatarwa, da yawa masu sukar sun yi shakka game da basirar Rachmaninov.
Sergei yana da wuyar shiga cikin lokaci mai wuyar gaske. Bayan gazawar, sai ya shiga damuwa. Maestro bai ƙirƙira fiye da shekaru uku ba - kawai ya kwanta a kan kujera kuma ya ƙi rubuta sabbin abubuwan ƙira.
A shekara ta 1901, mawaki ya juya ga likita don taimako, kuma ya sa shi a ƙafafunsa. Bayan haka, maestro ya gabatar da aikin "Concerto na biyu na Piano". A yau, mutane da yawa suna kiran aikin da aka gabatar da katin kira na mawaki.
Sa'an nan kuma mawaki ya gabatar da waƙa mai ban mamaki "Isle of the Dead", "Symphony No. 2" da "Piano Sonata No. 2". A cikin ayyukan kiɗa da aka gabatar, Rachmaninov ya bayyana basirarsa a matsayin mawaki.
Bayan tafiya a ƙasashen waje, Sergei bai gabatar da sababbin samfurori na dogon lokaci ba. Shekaru goma bayan haka, maestro ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Piano No. 10 da wasu abubuwan da suka shafi Rasha.
Ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a matsayin ƙwazo kamar yadda zai yiwu. Mawaƙin ya gabatar da ƙagaggun abubuwa da yawa a lokaci guda. Muna magana ne game da ayyukan "Symphony No. 3", "Rhapsody a kan Jigo na Paganini don Piano da Orchestra" da "Symphonic Dances". Shirye-shiryen da aka gabatar sun kai kololuwar kiɗan gargajiya ta duniya.
Cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar sirri
Sergei Rachmaninov ya kasance m da m mutum. Godiya ga yanayin halittarsa, ya kasance koyaushe a tsakiyar hankalin mata. Mawaƙin ya kewaye ƙawaye, kuma shi ne ke da ikon zaɓar.
Ba shi da ƙarami lokacin da ya sadu da ƴan'uwan Skalon. Sergei ya fara nuna sha'awar gaske ga daya daga cikin 'yan'uwa - Vera. Rachmaninov ya kula da ita, ya kasance mai ladabi da ladabi tare da yarinya. Akwai dangantaka ta platonic tsakanin masoya. Ga kyakkyawa mai ban tsoro Vera Skalon, ya sadaukar da abun da ke ciki "A cikin Silence of the Secret Night".
Bayan ya koma Moscow, Maestro ya rubuta wasiƙun ƙauna ɗari Vera. Ya cika Scalon da rubutun hannu tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran ayyana ƙauna. Sha'awar da Rachmaninoff ke da shi a cikin ransa bai hana shi soyayya da matar abokinsa Anna Lodyzhenskaya ba. Har ma ya sadaukar da soyayyar “A’a, na roke ki, kar ki bar!” ga matar. Sha'awar Anya da Vera ba da daɗewa ba ta ƙi.
Natalya Alexandrovna Satina - na farko da kuma na karshe hukuma matar na sanannen maestro. Ta kasance 'yar dangi wanda ya tsare Sergei yayin karatu a Moscow Conservatory. Ya sadaukar da soyayya "Kada ku raira waƙa, kyakkyawa, tare da ni" ga matarsa. Matar ta ba Sergei 'ya'ya mata biyu.
Sabuwar soyayya
Rachmaninov wani m mutum, kullum a search na sabon motsin zuciyarmu. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami dangantaka da Nina Kosits. Musamman ga mace, maestro ya rubuta sassan murya da dama. Bayan Sergei ya bar ƙasarsa, ana iya ganinsa kawai tare da matarsa ta hukuma.
Bayan hijira, mawakin na Rasha ya shafe mafi yawan lokutansa a Amurka. Amma hakan bai hana shi gina wani katafaren gida mai suna "Senar" a kasar Switzerland ba.
A cikin wannan villa Rachmaninoff ya sami damar jin daɗin tsohuwar sha'awarsa - fasaha. Gidan yana da lif, ƙaramin titin jirgin ƙasa da wani sabon abu na wancan lokacin - injin tsabtace iska. Akwai manyan motoci da yawa a garejin mawakin.
Sergei yayi ƙoƙari don alatu kuma bai ɓoye gaskiyar cewa yana son rayuwa mai wadata da duk fa'idodinsa ba. Rachmaninoff ya ba wa 'ya'yansa mata da magada na gaba rayuwa mai kyau.
Duk da ƙaura zuwa wata ƙasa, Rachmaninoff ya kasance dan kishin Rasha. Ma'aikatan Rasha sun yi aiki a gidansa, ya kewaye kansa da 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha. Kuma a kan shiryayyarsa akwai littattafai a cikin harshensa na asali. Bai koma ƙasarsa ba saboda dalili ɗaya kawai - Sergei bai gane ikon Soviet ba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mawaki Sergei Rachmaninoff
- Lokacin karatu a Conservatory Tchaikovsky ya ba Rachmaninov alama mafi girma ga m harmonica wasa.
- Dukan pianists sun yi magana game da girman hannun Rachmaninov wanda ba a taɓa gani ba, godiya ga abin da ya sami damar yin wasa mafi rikitarwa.
- A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Rachmaninoff ya damu da tsoron mutuwa. Wataƙila, tsoro ya bayyana a bayan wani balaguron balaguro. A cikin wata daya zai iya ba da har zuwa 50 concert. Lafiyar tunaninsa ta dan tabarbare.
- Ya auri kani.
- A lokacin wasan kwaikwayonsa, Rachmaninoff ya bukaci shuru daga masu sauraro. Masu sauraronsa ba su bi wannan doka ba, kuma zai iya dakatar da wasan kwaikwayo ya bar filin wasa.
Shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwa
Rachmaninov kashe dukan rayuwarsa ba kawai rubuta chic ayyuka, amma kuma shan taba. Ya sha taba da yawa kuma akai-akai. Addiction ya haifar da melanoma a cikin maestro. Mawaƙin ya koyi game da cutar watanni 1,5 kafin mutuwarsa. Ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1943.
