Alexander Dargomyzhsky - mawaki, mawaki, shugaba. A lokacin rayuwarsa, yawancin ayyukan kiɗan na maestro sun kasance ba a san su ba. Dargomyzhsky ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kere kere "Mabuwayi Hannu". Ya bar ƙwaƙƙwaran piano, ƙungiyar kaɗe-kaɗe da waƙoƙin murya.
Mighty Handful ƙungiya ce ta kirkira, wacce ta haɗa da mawaƙan Rasha kaɗai. An kafa Commonwealth a St. Petersburg a ƙarshen 1850s.
Yarantaka da kuruciya
Maestro ya fito ne daga yankin Tula. Ranar haihuwar Dargomyzhsky shine Fabrairu 14, 1813. Masana tarihin rayuwa har yanzu suna jayayya game da inda aka haifi Alexander. Masana sun yi imanin cewa ya fito ne daga ƙaramin ƙauyen Voskresenskoye.
Iyayensa ba su da alaƙa da kerawa. Lokacin da Alexander ya ci gaba da sha'awar kiɗa, sun yi mamaki sosai. Shugaban gidan ya yi aiki a wani banki da ke karkashin ma’aikatar kudi. Mahaifiyar ta fito daga dangin sarki masu arziki. An san cewa iyayen matar ba su so su ba da 'yar Sergei Nikolaevich (mahaifin Alexander). Amma, soyayya ta juya ta zama mai ƙarfi fiye da yanayin kuɗi. Wannan iyali yana da 'ya'ya shida.
Sa’ad da mahaifina ya samu matsayi a ofishin, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa St. Petersburg. A babban birnin al'adu na Rasha, Alexander yana daukar darussan piano. Nan da nan ya gane cewa ingantawa ya fi kusa da shi. A cikin wannan lokacin, yana gabatar da kayan kida na farko.
Louis Wolgenborn (malamin kiɗa) ya yaba wa ɗalibi mai hazaka. Ya kwadaitar da duk gwaje-gwajen halittar yaronsa. Da shekaru goma Dargomyzhsky ya hada da dama piano guda da romances.
Iyaye sun yi shakka game da ayyukan kiɗa na ɗansu. Ba su ga hazaka sosai a gare shi ba. Shugaban iyali ya nace akan bajintar kida da koyar da murya. Dargomyzhsky rayayye hada kai tare da malamai. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga fitowar mawaƙin a wuraren shagali na sadaka. Ba a jima ba ya shiga ofishin kotun. Sa'an nan Alexander ya ɗauki matakai na farko zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Dargomyzhsky bai bar kiɗa ba kuma ya ci gaba da cika repertoire da sababbin ayyuka.
Hanyar m na mawaki Alexander Dargomyzhsky
Tare da taimakon haske hannun Mikhail Glinka, m hanya Alexander Dargomyzhsky ya fara. Glinka ya ɗauki horon mawaƙin novice. Ya taimaka wajen fahimtar abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗakarwa ta hanyar yin amfani da aikin abokan aiki na kasashen waje a matsayin misali.
Ilham da sabon ilimi, Dargomyzhsky yakan ziyarci gidajen opera akai-akai. A lokacin, ayyukan mawaƙa na Italiya sun busa a cikinsu. A ƙarshen 30s, maestro ya yanke shawarar rubuta nasa opera. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi don rubuta aikin ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Victor Hugo "Lucretia Borgia". Ba da daɗewa ba ya yi watsi da wannan ra'ayin, saboda ya gane cewa novel ɗin yana da wuyar fahimta.
Ya juya zuwa aikin "Notre Dame Cathedral". Dangane da novel, maestro ya saita game da rubuta opera. A farkon 40s, mawaki ya mika aikin da aka gama ga shugabannin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Imperial.
Shekaru da yawa, opera Esmeralda yana tara ƙura. An dade ba a dauke ta ba. A 1847, duk da haka Esmeralda aka taka a kan mataki na Moscow gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Alexander ya yi fatan cewa aikinsa na farko zai kawo masa nasara, amma abin al'ajabi bai faru ba. Wasan opera ya samu karbuwa a hankali daga masu suka da jama'a. Ƙarin "Esmeralda" ba a shirya shi ba.
Dargomyzhsky ya fada cikin yanke kauna. Musamman yanayinsa ya tsananta bayan kololuwar farin jinin mai ba shi shawara Mikhail Glinka. Na ɗan lokaci, ya yanke shawarar ƙaura daga rubuce-rubuce. Alexander ya fara koyar da kiɗa da murya ga 'yan mata masu daraja. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fara rubuta labarun soyayya. Ayyukan waƙar maestro cikakkiyar nasara ce tare da mutanen zamaninsa.
Tafiya a kasashen Turai
Sa'an nan Alexander yanke shawarar tafiya a farkon tafiya zuwa kasashen waje. Ya sami damar yin magana da fitattun wakilan kiɗan gargajiya na ƙasashen waje. Daga baya, a duk rayuwarsa, ya ci gaba da dangantakar abokantaka da Charles Berio, Henri Vietan da Gaetano Donizetti.
A 1848 ya koma cikin ƙasa na Rasha. Alexander, ya burge da tafiya, ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da aiki a kan manyan ayyuka. Ya fara rubuta opera "Mermaid". Aikin ya dogara ne akan aikin Pushkin. A daidai wannan lokacin, ya faranta wa magoya baya farin ciki tare da gabatar da romances Melnik, Crazy, No Joy and Darling Girl. Ayyukan sun sami karbuwa ba kawai daga magoya baya ba, har ma da masu sukar kiɗa.
A 1855 ya kammala aiki a kan Mermaid. Bayan wani lokaci Alexander ya gabatar da aikin ga jama'a masu bukata. Mawakan zamani sun yaba wa wasan opera sosai. Domin da yawa yanayi, "Mermaid" da aka yi a kan mataki na babban birnin kasar gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
A kan kalaman shahararru, ya tsara ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwalƙwalwar kwarjini. Muna magana ne game da ayyukan "Ukrainian Cossack", "Baba Yaga" da "Chukhonskaya Fantasy". A cikin shirye-shiryen kiɗan da aka gabatar, mutum zai iya jin tasirin wakilan Mabuɗin Hannu.
Sabbin sanannun sun ba shi damar yin zuzzurfan tunani game da fasalin sabbin hanyoyin kiɗan. Ba da da ewa ya gwada hannunsa a kan nau'in soyayya na yau da kullum. Don jin abubuwan da suka faru na soyayya na yau da kullun daga Dargomyzhsky, zaku iya sauraron waƙoƙin "waƙar ban mamaki", "Old Corporal" da "Mai ba da shawara".
Kusan lokaci guda, ya sake fita waje. Mawakan Turai sun cika da ayyukan maestro na Rasha. Sun yi mafi "m" abun da ke ciki na Dargomyzhsky a daya daga cikin m maraice.
Yawo a Turai ya zaburar da mawaƙin. Alexander ya so ya fara shirya wani opera, amma dole ne ya jinkirta ra'ayin na ɗan lokaci. Rashin lafiyar Dargomyzhsky ya kasa, kuma abin da kawai zai iya faranta wa jama'a shi ne tarin Mazepa, da kuma lambobi masu yawa.
Alexander Dargomyzhsky: Rayuwa ta sirri
Bayan wani lokaci, ya koma ga tunanin ƙirƙirar opera. Sa'an nan ya kasance sha'awar a cikin aikin Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Stone Guest". Da zarar ya fara shirya wasan opera, sai ya fuskanci matsalar da ake kira rikicin kere-kere. Gaskiyar ita ce, an cire opera "Mermaid" daga fastocin wasan kwaikwayo.
Ba zai iya murmurewa na dogon lokaci ba, amma godiya ga goyon bayan mawaƙa da magoya baya masu tasiri, Dargomyzhsky ya fara kasuwanci. Ya fara rubuta Guest Guest. Ya sami damar rubuta yawancin kayan kiɗan. Kash, saboda mutuwar maestro, mawaƙa na kusa sun kammala wasan opera.
A cikin tsawon rayuwarsa ta kere-kere, maestro yana ci gaba da binsa da gazawa. Wannan halin da ake ciki ya bayyana a cikin sirri rayuwa na mawaki. Kaico, bai taɓa samun jin daɗin farin cikin iyali ba. Ba shi da mata kuma ba shi da 'ya'ya.
Bai yi nasara da mafi kyawun jima'i ba. Duk da haka, yana da gajerun litattafai, wanda a ƙarshe bai haifar da wani abu mai tsanani ba.
An ji cewa yana da dangantaka da Lyubov Miller. Ya koya wa yarinyar surutu. Sa'an nan ya aka alaka da dogon lokaci abota da Lyubov Belenitsyna. Ya sadaukar da soyayya da dama ga wannan matar.
Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyar Dargomyzhsky ya ba da kyauta ga manoma. Ya 'yantar da su daga nauyin bautar. Bugu da kari, Alexander ya ba su nasu ƙasar, a kan abin da suka yi aiki da kuma iya samun wani al'ada rayuwa. Wani hali ne na musamman ga mutumin wancan lokacin. Masu zamani da ake kira Alexander shine mafi ɗan adam mai mallakar ƙasa.
Ya gamu da tsufansa da wani dattijo uba. Bayan mutuwar shugaban iyali Dargomyzhsky a karshe ya ji takaici a rayuwa. Damuwa ta yau da kullun ta yi mummunan tasiri ga jin daɗin mawakin. Ya zama da wahala a gare shi ya kula da rubuta opera The Stone Guest.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da Maestro Alexander Dargomyzhsky
- Alexander mutum ne mai matsi. Mawaƙin ya fi son yin amfani da lokaci shi kaɗai.
- Ya sami ilham cikin katangar gidan mahaifinsa. Kawai a nan ya kasance mai jin dadi da jin dadi sosai.
- Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, bai iya zama a gidan iyayensa ba. Mutuwar masoyi ta azabtar da shi. Ya zauna a gidan yayansa sannan ya yi hayar daki a gidanta.
- Kudi don samar da "The Stone Guest" an tattara kusan dukkanin St. Petersburg. Maestro ya nuna cewa farashin aikinsa shine 3000 rubles. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Imperial ya ba wa mawaƙa kaɗan fiye da 1000 rubles.
Mutuwar Maestro Alexander Dargomyzhsky
A lokacin tafiya zuwa Turai, Alexander ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da rheumatism. Bai kula da lafiyar lafiya ba kuma ya ci gaba da shiga cikin kerawa. A cikin 1968, yanayin mawaƙin ya tabarbare sosai. Ya koka da zafi a zuciyarsa. Rashin daidaituwar wurare dabam dabam ya haifar da mutuwar Dargomyzhsky.
Ya san cewa ba da daɗewa ba zai mutu. Alexander bai jinkirta tare da wasiyyar ba. Mawaƙin ya ba wa Kaisar Antonovich Cui da Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov alhakin kammala wasan opera The Stone Guest.
Mawaƙa sun yarda da cika umarni na ƙarshe na Alexander, amma har yanzu a cikin zukatansu suna fatan cewa zai sami lafiya. Kaico, abin al'ajabi bai faru ba.
Alexander ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1969. Ya rasu ne daga ciwon aneurysm. An yi jana'izar ne bayan kwanaki 4. Ba kawai mutane na kusa ba, har ma masu sha'awar kerawa za su gan shi a kan tafiya ta ƙarshe. Bayan jana'izar, Tretyakov ya ba da umarnin hoto na mawaki daga hoto ga mai zane Konstantin Makovsky.
